Majoriteten av de ca 400 000 småhus i Sverige som är byggda innan 1931 har en mullbänk eller torpargrund som grundkonstruktion, ofta helt eller delvis oisolerad med låg energiprestanda som följd. I detta arbete utreds genom en fallstudie vilka best-practice lösningar det finns att energieffektivisera en äldre torpargrund på och hur en Hasopor/skumglasgrund står sig mot dessa lösningar. Resultatet visar att Hasopor/skumglasgrunden står sig väl mot de jämförda grundkonstruktionerna; två uteluftsventilerade grunder som är modifierade på olika sätt. Konstruktion 2 motsvarar den konventionella standardlösningen och konstruktion 3 en alternativ tolkning av denna. Hasopor/skumglasgrunden är likvärdig med konstruktion 2 ifråga om energiprestanda för en torpargrund med liknande förutsättningar som fallstudien då ytan på grunden är större än 50m2. Utifrån dessa förutsättningar ligger U-värdet i linje med de målvärden som BBR anger för renovering av befintliga grundkonstruktioner/golv. Dessa målvärden ska dock alltid ställas mot varsamhetskravet och förvanskningsförbudet som också anges i BBR. Samtliga av de undersökta konstruktionerna går att införa med hänsyn till dessa krav. Köldbryggornas inverkan på Hasopor/skumglasgrunden är en osäker faktor som behöver utredas vidare. Likaså har tjockleken på Hasoporskiktet en markant påverkan på U-värdet. Vidare visar arbetet att en övergång från en oisolerad grund till någon av de jämförda grundkonstruktionerna kan leda till en energibesparing i storleksordning 80–90% av nuvarande energiförlust för grunden. / The majority of the about 400 000 small houses in Sweden that were built before 1930 have a mull bench or a crawl-space foundation as a basic structure, often completely or partially uninsulated with low energy performance as a result. In this thesis, a case study investigates which best-practice solutions there are to make an older crawl-space foundation more energy efficient and how a Hasopor/foam glassfoundation stands up to these solutions. The results shows that the Hasopor/foam glass foundation stands well up against the two competitors; two outdoor-air ventilated foundations that are modified in different ways. Construction 2 corresponds to the conventional standard solution and construction 3 an alternative interpretation of this. The Hasopor/foam glass is equivalent to construction 2 in terms of energy performance for a crawl-space foundation with similar conditions to the case study when the surface is larger than50m2. Based on these conditions, the U-value is in line with the target value as specified by BBR for renovation of existing ground foundations/floors. However, these target values must always be set against the requirement of caution and the ban on tampering which are also specified in the BBR. All of the investigated ground foundations can be introduced with regard to these requirements. The impact of the cold bridges on the Hasopor/foam glass foundation is an uncertain factor that needs further investigation. Likewise, the thickness of the Hasopor layer has a significant impact on the U-value. Furthermore, the thesis shows that a transition from an uninsulated crawl-space foundation to one of the investigated foundations can lead to an energy saving in the order of 80-90% of current energy loss from the ground foundation.

Theoretical part of diploma thesis deals with progressive building materials, namely with aggregate from foam glass. Resources for production, description of production, properties of aggregate and its utilization are included. Production of lightweight gaping concrete, its properties, risks during its production and utilization in building practice are part of diploma thesis as well. Lightweight gaping concrete was made during practical part. It was produced by combining aggregate from foam glass and cement. Testing of required properties was carried out on these made samples.

This master’s thesis deals with preparation of foam glass and explores the possibilies of utilization of this material as an inorganic thermal insulating filler of fired hollow bricks. Foam glass was prepared via powder sintering method from waste packaging glass, using limestone and graphite as foaming agents. After inital analysis of raw materials, the effect of mixture composition and different processing parameters on bulk density, pore size and morphology of foam glass was investigated. Last but not least, different ways of manufacturing thermal insulating bricks, by preparation of foam glass directly in the cavities of fired hollow bricks, were tested.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T20:43:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Holtz de Andrade.pdf: 6124468 bytes, checksum: f5473082aa79c46a8a2ec002b3185a19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The purpose of this work is the synthesis and characterizations of a glass foam using sodium hydroxide as the foaming agent, in addition to niobium pentoxide used as filler. For the synthesis of the foam, waste glass, sodium hydroxide and niobium pentoxide were mixed in a mold, dried and sintered at 800 oC. In follow, the foam was characterized by different methods: X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric and diferential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Helium pycnometry, compression testing, high resolution electron microscopy field-emission gun (FEG) and chemical microanalysis energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The result obtained was a glass foam with 36,50 % of porosity and 44,50 % increase in the compressive strenght by niobium pentoxide. / A proposta deste trabalho consistiu na síntese e caracterização de uma espuma constituída de vidro moído e hidróxido de sódio como agente espumante, além do pentóxido de nióbio utilizado como agente de carga. Para a síntese da espuma, o resíduo de vidro, hidróxido de sódio e pentóxido de nióbio foram misturados em um molde, secados e sinterizados a 800 oC. Em seguida, a espuma foi caracterizada por diferentes ensaios: difração de raios X (DRX), análise termogravimétrica e varredura diferencial de calorimetria (DSC), picnometria de Hélio, ensaio de compressão,microscopia eletrônica de varredura de alta resolução (FEG) e microanálise química por níveis de energia (EDS). Obteve-se uma espuma de vidro com porosidade de 36,50 % e aumento de 44,50 % na resistência a compressão pelo pentóxido de nióbio.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe tiriamas akytojo stiklo (putų stiklo) technologijų panaudojimas statyboje. Remiantis užsienio šalių patirtimi išanalizuotos putų stiklo šilumos izoliacijos savybės, jo taikymo atvejai bei technologijų panaudojimas statyboje. Lietuvos rinkai pasiūlyta nauja šilumą izoliuojanti medžiaga – putų stiklas. Atsižvelgiant į putų stiklo, kaip termoizoliacinės medžiagos, išskirtines savybes ir jos panaudojimo galimybes, pateikta baseino – termoso įrengimo inovacinė idėja, panaudojant putstiklį baseino šiltinimui. Apskaičiuoti baseino – termoso atitvarų šiluminiai rodikliai: baseino dugno šilumos perdavimo koeficientas – 0,197 W/m2K; baseino sienų šilumos perdavimo koeficientas – 0,191 W/m2K; baseino dangčio šilumos perdavimo koeficientas – 0,202 W/m2K; baseino atitvarų projektiniai šilumos nuostoliai – 148,49 W. Atlikus skaičiavimus, nustatyta šilumos tiekimo sistemos galia baseino vandens šildymui – 187,1 W. Apskaičiuotos vidutinės mėnesio išlaidos baseino – termoso vandens šildymui, šildant 12 valandų per parą: balandžio mėn. ��� 20,31 Lt; gegužės mėn. – 12,34 Lt; birželio mėn. – 7,88 Lt; liepos mėn. – 6,74 Lt; rugpjūčio mėn. 7,63 Lt; rugsėjo mėn. – 13,17 Lt; spalio mėn. – 19,97 Lt. Darbą sudaro 6 dalys: įvadas, apžvalginis skyrius, putų stiklo technologijų panaudojimas statyboje, akytojo stiklo pritaikymo inovacinis pasiūlymas, išvados, literatūros ir kitų informacijos šaltinių sąrašas. Darbo apimtis – 82 p. teksto be priedų, 65 iliustr., 15 lent., 61... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / There are researching of foam glass technologies in construction in this master thesis. On abroad expierence ground, there are analysed foam glass heat insulation characteristics, it application cases and research of foam glass technologies in construction. There is suggested the new heat insulating material – foam glass to lithuanian market. According to foam glass, like thermal material, special characteristics and it application opportunities, there is presented the basin – thermos installation inovating idea in this thesis, use foam glass for thermal insulation. There are calculated termal indexes of the basin – thermos: the U value of the basin buttom – 0,197 W/m2K; the U value of the basin walls – 0,191 W/m2K; the U value of the basin cover – 0,202 W/m2K; the overal heat waste of the basin – thermos – 148,49 W. There are calculated expense for each month to heat the basin – termos water 12 hours a day: in April – 20,31 Lt; in May – 12,34 Lt; in June – 7,88 Lt; in July – 6,74 Lt; in August – 7,63 Lt; in September – 13,17 Lt; in October – 19,97 Lt. Structure: introduction, review, the research of glass technologies in construction, the inovating suggestion application of foam glass, conclusions, references. Thesis consist of: 82 p. text without appendixes, 65 pictures, 15 tables, 61 bibliographical entries. Appendixes included.

Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Fertigungstechnologien zur kostengünstigen Herstellung eines neuartigen solarthermischen Kollektors entwickelt. Dieser Kollektor soll aus einem profilierten Grundkörper aus Schaumglas bestehen, welcher mit Flachglas abgedeckt ist. Die Herstellung des Schaumkörpers wurde betrachtet von der Auswahl der Rohstoffe, über die Entwicklung geeigneter Verfahrensparameter, bis zur Formgebung. Ein Schaumkörper mit profilierter Oberfläche konnte im Maßstab von 600 x 600 x 130 mm³ hergestellt werden. Zur Kosteneinsparung wurde hierfür ein Reststoff aus der Glas verarbeitenden Industrie verwendet. Um den Kollektor in ein hydraulisches System eingliedern zu können, wurde eine Technologie zur Einbindung von Rohrleitungsanschlüssen entwickelt. Emaillierte Rohrbögen aus Gusseisen konnten im Schäumungsprozess fest in den Schaumkörper integriert werden. Weiterhin wurden zwei Möglichkeiten zur Anbindung der Deckgläser untersucht. Dabei wurden mittels Klebung durch EVA-Folie eine höhere Verbundfestigkeit erreicht als mittels Löten durch Aluminium-Blech.

DIPLOMA THESIS IN THEIR THEORETICAL PART ARE FOCUSE , USE LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATES FOR THE PRODUCE OF VERY LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE, FOCUSES PRIMARILY ON FOAM GLASS AGGREGATES. THERE ARE ALSO MENTIONED OTHERS LIGHTWEIGHT AGREGATES, WHICH WE ARE USE FOR PRODUCE O VERY LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE. THEN THERE ARE RISKS UNITED WITH VERY LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE. IN THE PRACTICAL PART IS THE PROPERTY ANALLYSIS OF FOAM GLASS AGGREGATES, DESIGN RECIPE VERY LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE AND MONITORED MECHANICAL A THERMAL PROPERTIES OF THESE CONCRETE.

In the theoretical part of diploma thesis basic knowledge about glass are given (materials, production process, a brief overview of glass products for construction industry) and statistics of waste production, primarily with an emphasis on various types of waste glasses were also mentioned. The following chapters of the thesis are focused on waste glass processing technologies. Various studies about the application of waste or recycled glass in manufacturing of building materials are summarized. In the practical part of diploma thesis were suggested appropriate secondary raw materials that were used to prepare materials based on thermally modified glass foam. In the practical part of the thesis was carried out a set of experiments and analysis, including evaluation in terms of the proposed alternative fillers and materials made of them.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T20:42:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Cesar Bento.pdf: 1732687 bytes, checksum: 53eb9d5eb1ee3aca52e7d78b1169f466 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-10 / In this work, the effect of sodium hydroxide as a glass foaming agent using glass waste in the foam formulation was performed. During the synthesis process, the variation of temperature, heating rate and sintering time was investigated. Sample density and average pore sizes were estimated using mercury porosimetry. The morphology of the glass foams were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, phase formation was studied using X-ray diffraction, and chemical composition was estimated using X-ray fluorescence. As a result, glass foam with hierarchical density. / Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo sobre a ação do hidróxido de sódio como agente formador de espuma vítrea usando resíduos de vidro em sua composição. Para a síntese, investigou-se a variação da temperatura, da taxa de aquecimento e do tempo de sinterização. Utilizando-se a técnica de porosimetria de mercúrio, para estimar a densidade e o tamanho médio de poros. A morfologia das espumas vítreas foi avaliada através da microscopia eletrônica de varredura de alta resolução (FEG) e as fases das espumas vítreas foram caracterizadas pelas técnicas de difração de raios X e a composição química estimada usando fluorescência de raios X.

THIS DIPLOMA WORK IS PROJECTING A PROJECT DOCUMENTATION FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF STUDENT DORMITORY IN BRNO. THE BUILDING IS SITUATED AT THE TECHNOLOGY PARK NEAR TO SEVERAL VUT FACULTY AND STUDENT CAMPUS. THE DESIGN CAME FROM THE LONG-TERM LACK OF ACCOMMODATION CAPACITY ON EXISTING DORMITORY IN BRNO, THE EMPHASIS WAS PUT MAINLY ON THE ACCOMMODATION CAPACITY OF THE BUILDING. THE BUILDING CONSISTS OF TWO FOUR-STOREY BLOCKS WITH A TOTAL CAPACITY OF 244 BEDS, WHICH ARE SITED ON THE 2ND TO 4TH FLOORS. A TYPICAL AND REVERSE ELEMENT IS A LIVING CELL IN WHICH CONTAINS TWO DOUBLE ROOMS - A COMMON SCHEDULE WITH DINING ROOM, A COMMON SOCIAL BACKGROUND WITH A HALL, AND TWO BALCONIES ACCESSIBLE FROM THE KITCHEN. 1. THE FLOOR FLOOR CONNECTS BOTH BLOCKS WITH A LARGE STUDY AND CORRIDOR. THE REMAINING ROOMS IN THE 1ST FLOOR ARE USED AS A TECHNICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FACILITY OF THE DUTY.