Improved definition of risk factors for equine colic is necessary to develop effective interventions to reduce colic incidence. A one-year prospective study was conducted to estimate colic incidence and to identify risk factors. Farms with greater than 20 horses were randomly selected from two adjacent counties of Virginia and Maryland. Management information was recorded by questionnaire for 31 farms with 1427 horses. Owners kept calendars to record occurrence of specified events. Colic was reported by the owner when a horse exhibited signs of abdominal pain. The incidence of colic was 10.6 colic cases per 100 horse-years, based on 104 cases per 983.5 horse-years. Twenty-five deaths occurred from all causes, the proportional mortality rate of colic was 7/25 (28%). Risk factors were analyzed by logistic regression at the farm-level and the horse-level with farm as a random effects variable. No farm-level variables were significant. Significant horse variables were: age 2-10 years, odds ratio (OR)=2.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-6.5); previous colic, OR=3.6(1.9-6.8); changes in concentrate feeding during the year, OR=3.6(1.6-5.4); more than one change in hay feeding during the year, OR=2.1(1.2-3.8); feeding high levels of concentrate (>2.5 kg/day dry matter, OR=4.8(1.4-16), >5 kg/day dry matter, OR=6.3(1.8-22)); and vaccination with monocytic ehrlichiosis vaccine during the study, OR=2.0(1.8-22). Feeding whole grain with or without other concentrates had less risk than diets without whole grain included. Variables related to concentrate feeding frequency or concentrate type could be substituted for the concentrate level variable. A nested analysis examined risk for the time period following an event. The odds ratio was determined for the proportion of cases with an event within 14 days prior to the colic-date, relative to the proportion of horses without colic with an event within 14 days of a date chosen at random from the observation time. Weather events were analyzed for the three days before the colic or assigned date. Foaling was analyzed for three time periods: before, 0-60 and 60-150 days post-foaling. Significant events were recent vaccination, OR=3.31(1.9-6.0); recent transport, OR=3.3(1.2-5.5); 60-150 days post-foaling, OR=5.9(1.8-13); and recent fever, OR=20(2.5-169). Snow on the day of the colic, OR=2.8(1.0-7) and humidity <50% the day before the colic OR=1.6(1.0-2.9) were marginally significant. / Ph. D.

<p>This is to my knowledge the first time a ten-year follow-up study of salivary cortisol concentrations measured by immunoassays in relation to posttraumatic symptoms according to the Impact of Event Scale (IES) is made. The study was performed on 78 Swedish UN soldiers after a 6-months mission in the former republic of Yugoslavia. Follow-up investigations were performed six months, twelve months and ten years after their return to Sweden. Morning and evening salivary cortisol concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) and subjective posttraumatic avoidance and intrusion symptoms were measured with the IES (see Appendix I).</p><p> </p><p>This study concerns the methodological description of the EIA for determination of salivary cortisol and the comparison of the results from all three follow-up investigations. Post-traumatic stress symptoms according to IES (intrusion subscale and total score) increased significantly over ten years of time. There was an significant interrelationship between the change in both morning and evening salivary cortisol concentrations, measured with immunoassays, and changes in self-rated posttraumatic intrusive symptoms, according to IES, during ten years follow-up, after a six months mission in Bosnia in the way that salivary cortisol concentrations showed a tendency to decrease over ten years of time in subjects with a higher IES score. The rise in morning salivary cortisol, from awakening until 30 minutes later, was significantly correlated with the ratings of posttraumatic stress symptoms according to the IES ten years after the mission.   </p>

This is to my knowledge the first time a ten-year follow-up study of salivary cortisol concentrations measured by immunoassays in relation to posttraumatic symptoms according to the Impact of Event Scale (IES) is made. The study was performed on 78 Swedish UN soldiers after a 6-months mission in the former republic of Yugoslavia. Follow-up investigations were performed six months, twelve months and ten years after their return to Sweden. Morning and evening salivary cortisol concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) and subjective posttraumatic avoidance and intrusion symptoms were measured with the IES (see Appendix I).   This study concerns the methodological description of the EIA for determination of salivary cortisol and the comparison of the results from all three follow-up investigations. Post-traumatic stress symptoms according to IES (intrusion subscale and total score) increased significantly over ten years of time. There was an significant interrelationship between the change in both morning and evening salivary cortisol concentrations, measured with immunoassays, and changes in self-rated posttraumatic intrusive symptoms, according to IES, during ten years follow-up, after a six months mission in Bosnia in the way that salivary cortisol concentrations showed a tendency to decrease over ten years of time in subjects with a higher IES score. The rise in morning salivary cortisol, from awakening until 30 minutes later, was significantly correlated with the ratings of posttraumatic stress symptoms according to the IES ten years after the mission.

Univerzita Karlova v Praze Pedagogická fakulta Katedra pedagogiky DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE PŘEDSTAVY VYBRANÝCH ŽÁKŮ ZÁKLADNÍ UMĚLECKÉ ŠKOLY O ZDRAVÉM ŽIVOTNÍM STYLU: STUDIE PO DVOU LETECH IDEAS OF SELECTED STUDENTS OF ELEMENTARY ART SCHOOL ABOUT HEALTHY LIFESTYLE: TWO-YEAR FOLLOW UP STUDY Bc. Petr Mach Vedoucí diplomové práce: PhDr. Michal Zvírotský, Ph.D. Studijní program: Učitelství pro střední školy Studijní obor: Učitelství všeobecně vzdělávacích předmětů pro základní školy a střední školy - pedagogika - výchova ke zdraví Praha 2015 Abstract Ideas of Selected Students of Elementary Art School about Healthy Lifestyle: Two-year Follow up Study Diploma thesis "Ideas of selected students of elementary art school about healthy lifestyle: two-year follow up study" builds on the bachelor work of the author. The theoretical part tries to capture the essence of a healthy lifestyle in a holistic context and mentions some of its important factors. This part also offers a historical insight for a better idea of their connections and interrelations. It describes the field of Health Education in the National Curriculum for secondary education, gives examples of school education program in the specialization and minimum prevention program. The practical part tries to show healthy lifestyle imaginations of the students in the...

Name: Alice Oktábcová Supervisor: Mgr. et Mgr. Jaromíra Uhlířová Oponent: ……………. Diploma thesis: The Application of Robot-Assisted Therapy of Hand after Stroke: Follow-Up Trial of Application of AMADEO Instrument Key words: stroke, robot-assisted therapy, Amadeo Instrument, follow-up study, upper extremity In recent years, western countries noted a gradual increase in stroke survivors. Stroke can cause motor activity impairment and also senzoric and cognitive disorders which lead into restriction of participation of activities of daily living and also reduction of social and community activities. Functional improvment of upper and lower extremity after stroke is a very complex proces which has to be solved in multidiscplinary and multifactorial approach in result of every stroke survivor to live in the most independent way as possible. Robot-assisted therapy for motor recovery could be a successful way to improve motor activity of stroke survivors. Amadeo Instrument is one of robot-assisted therapy for hand rehabilitation of stroke survivors. This instrument can be described as final effector without exoskeleton which allows functional motor therapy for fingers and also a motivational feedback. Amadeo therapy can be passive, assisted, active and also interactive. The aim of this thesis is to...

Title: Development of methamphetamine (ex)users that decided to cease without professional intervention - follow-up study Abstract: BACKGROUND: This work relates to author's research in 2011/2012, in which author captured experience of (ex)users with ceasing drug using without professional help through narrative interviews. Findings shown, that respondents keeps in their narration space for reusing of methamphetamine, so author decided to work with respondents also in future. This work is theoretically based in idiographic and narrative approach, which focus on AIMS: To capture development of methamphetamine (ex)users that decided to cease using methamphetamine without professional intervention after 3 years. RESEARCH QUESTIONS: To capture users' answers about future aiming of individuals, based on preceding research, to catch biography-time development of respondents and to analyze reasoning according to (non)returning to using methamphetamine. METHODS: With those individuals, which were cooperating enough, interviews were held about their current situation. It creates set of interviews from 2011/2012 and from 2015/2016. Interviews were analyzed through narrative-oriented analysis, specifically through categories of values and beliefs. According to demandingness and comprehensiveness of approach, only two...

Abstract Salla disease (SD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder, belonging to the Finnish disease heritage. The condition leads to intellectual disabilities. Two main categories of the disease have been identified – a conventional subtype and a severe subtype. The gene locus of SD has been assigned to a restricted region on the long arm of chromosome 6. The gene SLC17A5 is responsible for lysosomal-membrane sialic acid transport. The objective of this study was to describe the neurocognitive developmental spectrum of SD in a long follow-up study. In the original study (1997–1999), the sample consisted of 41 Finnish patients with Salla disease. They were examined by a paediatric neurologist, a psychologist and a speech therapist. The follow-up study (2010–2012) concerned of 27 (66%) patients from the original SD patient sample. The study included neurological and neuropsychological investigations. A case study of a mildly affected female patient was also reported. In the first study, the typical neurocognitive profile of SD was outlined and the different phenotypes confirmed. The neurocognitive profile of SD consisted of a strong motor handicap, but also well-developed skills in verbal comprehension and interaction. In the follow-up study, the main finding was that the verbal skills related to comprehension did not diminish over time. However, the skills that demanded productive speech were worsened by both dyspraxia and dysarthria, markers of dysfunction of the cerebellum. The neurocognitive and neurological status of the mildly affected female patient remained stable during the long follow-up time. In addition the MRI findings revealed mild dysfunction. The results indicate that the neurocognitive deficits related to SD are clear in childhood, but the illness does not have a rapid progressive nature after teenage years. The motor handicap is strong but the cognitive skills related to verbal comprehension, and interactive skills, do not deteriorate in adulthood. Four different neurodevelopmental periods can be outlined. / Tiivistelmä Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli kuvata Sallan tautiin liittyvä neurokognitiivisen kehityksen kulku pitkän seurantatutkimuksen aikana. Sallan tauti, erittäin harvinainen lysosomaalinen kertymäsairaus, kuuluu suomalaiseen tautiperimään. Nämä perinnölliset sairaudet ovat Suomessa yleisempiä kuin muissa maissa. Sallan tauti etenee älylliseen kehitysvammaisuuteen. Kaksi taudin päätyyppiä, tavanomainen ja vakava-asteinen fenotyyppi, on tunnistettu. Sallan taudin aiheuttavan geenin sijainti on paikallistettu kromosomiin 6. SLC17A5-geeni vastaa sialihapon kuljetuksesta solujen lysosomeissa. Ensimmäisen tutkimuksen (1997–1999) aineisto koostui 41 suomalaisesta Sallan tautia sairastavasta potilaasta. Neurologi, psykologi sekä puheterapeutti tutkivat jokaisen potilaan. Seuranta-aineisto (2010–2012) koostui 27 (66&#160;%) potilaasta. Tutkimukseen kuului neurologin sekä neuropsykologin tutkimus. Lieväoireisen naispotilaan kehityskulku julkaistiin erillisenä tapaustutkimuksena. Ensimmäisessä tutkimuksessa selvitettiin Sallan taudille ominainen neurokognitiivinen profiili, lisäksi vahvistettiin kahden eri fenotyypin olemassaolo. Neurokognitiivisiin tyyppioireisiin kuuluivat vahvat motoriset defektit, mutta toisaalta hyvin kehittyneet kielelliset taidot puheen ymmärtämisen osalta. Myös vuorovaikutustaidot olivat vahvat. Seurantatutkimuksen päätulos oli puheen ymmärtämisen taitojen säilyminen taudin edetessä. Puheen tuottamiseen liittyvien vaikeuksien osalta sekä dyspraksia että dysartria heikensivät kielellistä toimintakykyä. Nämä kielelliset defektit liittyvät pikkuaivojen toimintahäiriöihin. Lieväoireisen naispotilaan neurologiset ja neurokognitiiviset löydökset eivät olleet edenneet pitkän seurantatutkimuksen aikana. Myös aivojen kuvantamistutkimuksen tulokset olivat lievät. Sallan tautiin liittyvät neurokognitiiviset muutokset ovat selkeät lapsuusiässä, mutta sairauden luonne aikuisiällä ei ole nopeasti etenevä. Motorisen toimintakyvyn defektit ovat vahvat, mutta kielellisen ymmärtämisen ja vuorovaikutuksen taidot eivät heikkene aikuisilla potilailla. Taudista voidaan erotella neljä erilaista kehityksellistä vaihetta.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:27:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 taiane.pdf: 500923 bytes, checksum: bb4a10bbb2a2448b84aceb8f2e29daa6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-17 / Introduction: The literature indicates high occurrence of anxiety symptoms in people who have depression, this index simultaneously suggests the importance of studying the impact of anxiety symptoms in treatment for depression. Objective: To evaluate the impact of anxiety symptoms in remission of depressive symptoms in brief psychotherapies for depression at follow-up six months. Methods: Randomized clinical trial with youth of 18 to 29 years old who met diagnostic criteria for depression assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D), while the anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A). The protocols of psychotherapy used were: Cognitive Narrative Psychotherapy (CNP) and Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapy (CBP), both with seven sessions. At the end of treatment and at follow-up six months an evaluation was made with the HAM-D and HAM-A. Results: The sample included 97 patients divided evenly between the protocols of psychotherapy. There was a significant positive moderate correlation between the severity of anxiety symptoms at baseline and remission of depressive symptoms at post-intervention (r = 0.444 p <0.001), while at follow-up six months not there was a significant correlation (r = 0.181 p = 0.164). There was remission of anxiety symptoms (8.69 ± 7.93) and depressive symptoms (6.38 ± 5.4o) after the brief psychotherapies. The remission of anxiety symptoms remained at follow-up of six months (7.59 ± 8.31, p = 0,228) and the same was true for the remission if depressive symptoms (6.48 ± 5.04, p = 0,879). Conclusion: The severity of anxiety symptoms contributed to greater remission of depressive symptoms after brief psychotherapies in the short term. However, in long term, the severity of the anxiety symptoms has no impact on the remission of the depressive symptoms. The brief psychotherapies for depression demonstrate efficacy in the remission of depressive and anxious symptoms / Introdução: A literatura aponta alta ocorrência de sintomas ansiosos em indivíduos que apresentam depressão, este índice simultâneo sugere a importância de se estudar o impacto dos sintomas ansiosos no tratamento para depressão. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto dos sintomas ansiosos na remissão de sintomas depressivos em psicoterapias breves para depressão no follow-up de seis meses. Método: Ensaio clínico randomizado com jovens de 18 à 29 anos que preencheram critério diagnóstico de depressão avaliado através da Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID). Os sintomas depressivos foram avaliados através da Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D), enquanto os sintomas ansiosos foram avaliados através da Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A). Os protocolos de psicoterapia utilizados foram: Psicoterapia Cognitiva Narrativa (PCN) e Psicoterapia Cognitivo Comportamental (PCC), ambos com sete sessões. Ao fim do tratamento, bem como, no follow-up de seis meses foi realizada uma avaliação com as escalas HAM-D e HAM-A. Resultados: A amostra total contou com 97 pacientes distribuídos homogeneamente entre os protocolos de psicoterapia. Houve uma correlação moderada positiva significativa entre a severidade dos sintomas ansiosos no baseline e a remissão de sintomas depressivos no pós-intervenção (r=0,444 p<0,001), no entanto, no follow-up de seis meses a correlação não foi estatisticamente significativa (r=0,181 p=0,164). Houve remissão de sintomas ansiosos (8,69±7,93) e de sintomas depressivos (6,38±5,40) após as psicoterapias breves. A remissão dos sintomas ansiosos manteve-se no follow-up de seis meses (7,59±8,31; p=0,228) e o mesmo ocorreu para a remissão se sintomas depressivos (6,48±5,04; p=0,879). 47 Conclusão: A severidade dos sintomas ansiosos contribuiu para maior remissão de sintomas depressivos após psicoterapias breves em curto prazo. Contudo, a longo prazo, a severidade dos sintomas ansiosos não apresenta impacto sobre a remissão dos sintomas depressivos. As psicoterapias breves para depressão demonstram eficácia na remissão de sintomas ansiosos e depressivos

Amalgam has been used as a dental restorative material for centuries, but its potential health effects and biopersistance has lead to a decreased use especially in the Nordic countries. New materials have been introduced, partly to replace the mercury containing amalgam and partly because of esthetical reasons. The possible health effects of amalgam have been studied extensively and the material has been replaced with other less well-examined materials during the last few decades. The prevalence of side effects of dental materials is considered to be low in relation to the vast number of dental treatments undertaken. With the introduction of new and more complex materials, side effects related to dental treatment may increase. Epidemiological data suggest that the side effects of dental resins that have almost completely replaced amalgam fillings in Scandinavia, possess a risk for adverse reactions; however, the causal relation has not been fully established. Therefore, the type and extent of side effects caused by resin-based materials are of great interest. The aims of the study were: - to describe the change in health over time for patients with problems related to their dental materials. The hypothesis was that the patients could be divided into subgroups based on their symptoms and that the ability to recover differs between these groups [Paper I]. Furthermore, to determine whether factors such as the replacement of dental restorative materials and follow-up time had any impact on the perceived health. - to assess the long-term development of symptoms and their social consequences among patients referred for diagnosis and treatment of symptoms related to dental materials [Paper II] - to investigate the possible risks with dental restorative materials other than amalgam [Paper III]. - to describe side effects assessed to be caused by resin-based materials that occurred in a group of patients as well as treatment and long-term consequences of the reactions [Paper IV]. A questionnaire was sent to 614 patients [Paper I and II] that had been referred to the School of Dentistry, Umeå, Sweden, with symptoms allegedly caused by dental materials. The questionnaire contained questions on, among others; civil status, present health, medical and dental treatment and other measures and precautions taken because of psychosocial problems related to current employment situation, feelings, self-image and coping behavior. Moreover, information was collected [Paper III] from the Swedish Dental Materials Register 2003 (DentMr), a compilation of MSDS for 487 materials, and information from the user guide of the materials. The Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) included in the DentMR were examined regarding the given composition of the products, the occurrence of CAS-numbers and the risk- and safety phrases of the substances. Information was collected [Paper IV] on 36 patients with reactions to resin-based restorative materials from the Swedish National Register of Side-Effects of Dental Materials. Patients with complex symptoms had a more unfavorable long-term prognosis concerning persistent complaints than those with local symptoms only. Furthermore, the results indicate that the patients might experience health improvements after removal of their dental restorative materials. However, the reason for this improvement was unclear. Replacement of dental restorative materials had no significant impact on the ability to recover completely. Our results also indicate a relationship between patients’ self-related health and social consequences in daily life. Those with remaining complex symptoms had more often stopped working or had decreased their work hours because of their symptoms The information about hazards with dental materials seems insufficiently described in MSDS and there might be materials with side effects unknown to both patients and dental professionals. A literature search indicated that some of the listed substances had possible hazards, e.g. substances with embryotoxic and neurotoxic potential. The patients were very heterogeneous; a few with only local symptom free reactions while other had more complex symptoms. The latter group would gain from a multidisciplinary approach, i.e. dental, medical, as well as social and psychological factors have to be considered when developing care management programs for this group of patients. Furthermore, there is a need for stronger regulations of dental materials, such as those applied to pharmaceutical drugs. Finally, it was found that the majority of symptoms suspected to be caused by resin-based materials were local or a combination of local and extra-oral symptoms that appeared within the first 24 hours after treatment. The most frequent adverse effect reported was skin problems/dermatitis. It appears as though immediate reactions to resin based materials are not uncommon and more prevalent than allergic reactions. Still, we have had, difficulties in verifying associations between the dental restorative materials and adverse reactions and also to identify the offending component.

Syftet med uppföljningsstudien var att undersöka deltagares upplevelser av verksamma/hindrande komponenter i behandlingen Hästunderstödd Kognitiv Beteendeterapi (HU-KBT) 12-18 månader efter avslutad behandling. Syftet var också att undersöka vad deltagarna upplever att de uppnått genom att delta i behandlingen HU-KBT. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med fem deltagare. Intervjumaterialet analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ tematisk analys. Ett flertal komponenter i behandlingen beskrevs som hjälpsamma; gruppen, terapeuten, hästen, miljön och olika specifika psykoterapeutiska komponenter. Hindrande behandlingskomponenter som framkom var negativa aspekter av att behandlas i grupp samt för lite tid. Effekter av behandlingen som beskrevs av deltagarna var förbättrad ångesthanteringsförmåga, förhöjd energinivå, förbättrad gränssättningsförmåga, minskat behov av att ha kontroll och ta ansvar för andra, ökad självinsikt, en ökad medvetenhet om och förståelse för känslor och hur dessa kan hanteras samt en förbättrad arbetsförmåga. Övrigt som framkom i intervjuerna var att förväntningarna var blandade, att det kunde finnas övriga livsomständigheter som kan ha påverkat utfallet av behandlingen, att effekten av behandlingen ofta var fördröjd, att behandlingen upplevdes som effektiv, att det förekom olika sätt som användes för att förhindra återfall samt att det fanns önskemål om att få ta del av ytterligare behandling och att behandlingen ska rikta sig till fler grupper av människor och även kunna erbjudas i förebyggande syfte. Resultaten ser lovande ut men det behövs ytterligare forskning för att vidare undersöka behandlingens effektivitet och verksamma komponenter. / The purpose of the follow-up study was to examine the participants' experiences of active/inhibitory components in the treatment Equine Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (HU-KBT) 12-18 months after treatment completion. The purpose was also to investigate the participant´s self-perceptions of achievement by participating in the HU-KBT treatment. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five participants. The interview material was analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. Several components of the treatment were described as helpful; the group, the therapist, the horse, the environment and several specific psychotherapeutic components. Obstructive treatment components that emerged were negative aspects of being treated in group and shortage of time. Effects of the treatment described by the participants were improved anxiety management, increased energy levels, improved ability to set boundaries, reductions in need to control others or to take responsibility for them, increased self-awareness, increased awareness and understanding of emotions and how they can be managed and an improved ability to work. Other things that emerged in the interviews were expectations were mixed; other life circumstances may have affected the outcome of the treatment; the effect of the treatment was often delayed; the treatment was perceived as effective; various ways were used to prevent relapse; there was a desire to gain access to further treatment and that the treatment should be aimed at more groups of people and also be offered for preventive purposes. The results look promising, but further research is needed to further investigate the efficacy and the operating components of the treatment.