The aim of this thesis is to describe problematics of accounting and reporting of foreign currency, application of exchange rates and rise and settlement of exchange differences in reporting under International Financial Reporting Standards and Czech accounting regulations. The thesis is also focused on comparison of the dissimilarities between those systems, especially in the field of selection and proper use of foreign currencies, exchange rates and on dissimilarities in the rise and settlement of exchange differences in the various stages of the accounting period and various situations. Thesis clearly informs about problematics of currency and exchange rates and shows on practical examples application of such rules.

The primary concentration of the diploma thesis is conversion from domestic currency to single currency (EURO) from an accounting point of view. On the one side the thesis deal with foreign currency and it`s effect on accounting of Czech entrepreneurs and on the economics profit and loss. On the other side thesis show the solution for the entrepreneurs, which mainly deal in euro. Conversion is described on the example of the Slovak Republic. The thesis gives an overview of conversion`s process and interpretive examples

The aim of this thesis is to explain the main principles of consolidated financial statements prepared with the full method of consolidation and to point out problems that can arise from foreign currency translations. The main part deals with the procedures in accordance with international accounting standards IAS/IFRS, Czech accounting principles are mentioned only for comparison. The thesis is divided into two parts, the first is dealing with the theory of consolidated financial statements and the second part deals with foreign currency translations. At the end of the thesis, there is an illustrative example on the preparation of consolidated financial statements of a parent company and its foreign subsidiary.

The master's thesis is focused on creation internal directives for selected company. The thesis includes the legislative background of accounting and areas, for which were created directives. Intradepartmental adaptations of these documents were created in accordance with legislation and needs of company. They were created suggestions for new directions for the chart of accounts, business trips and travelling expenses, foreign currency rates and luncheon vouchers.

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Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2018-12-07T10:40:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Matheus_Nicola_2018_Pt1.pdf: 5945862 bytes, checksum: 42710c05a8dd3b08374b75d5279059a9 (MD5) Matheus_Nicola_2018_Pt2.pdf: 5252616 bytes, checksum: 8f8b69b2a2a6793fe4701e598722a16f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-07T10:40:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Matheus_Nicola_2018_Pt1.pdf: 5945862 bytes, checksum: 42710c05a8dd3b08374b75d5279059a9 (MD5) Matheus_Nicola_2018_Pt2.pdf: 5252616 bytes, checksum: 8f8b69b2a2a6793fe4701e598722a16f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The aim of this research was to estimate, in the short term, the impact of corruption on the income level of the economy and well-being of the Brazilian and Paraná society, by means of the input-output inter-regional Paraná and the rest of Brazil model, in the year 2008. To achieve this objective, it was necessary to collect information from the Accountability Tribunals of the Union and the state of Paraná judgments, to formulate the fate of corruption hypothesis and the corruption repeal hypothesis, to calculate the impact of corruption on the Income level and welfare. To approximate the analysis of the reality, the hypothesis of evasion and/or hoarding of corruption money was also tested. The results show that, in the short term, corruption stimulates the economy product and consequently increases the income level and welfare on Paraná and Brazil society. However, corruption has negative effects only if the amount evaded and/or enshrined is, on average, more than 50% of the amount diverted from the public purse. The indicators-summary of the economic structure clarify that part of this result is explained by the least degree of interconnection between economic sectors tied to government spending. The evidence of the results indicates that tolerance to corruption may be related to the short-term stimulus that corruption provides to the economy, but that tolerance diminishes as society perceives when the levels of income and economic well-being it don't increase in the long run. Another evidence of the results of this research is that combating currency evasion can alleviate the negative effects of corruption on the Brazilian and Paraná economy, and that the fight against the crime of money laundering would reduce the distortions between the system of national accounts and the real product of the economy. / O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi estimar, no curto prazo, o impacto da corrupção sobre o nível de renda da economia e bem-estar da sociedade brasileira e paranaense, por meio do modelo de insumo-produto inter-regional Paraná e o restante do Brasil, no ano de 2008. Para alcançar esse objetivo foi necessário coletar informações dos acórdãos dos tribunais de contas da União e do estado do Paraná, formular as hipóteses de destino da corrupção e de revogação da corrupção, para então calcular o impacto da corrupção sobre o nível de renda e o bem-estar social. Para aproximar a análise da realidade, também foi testada a hipótese de evasão e/ou entesouramento da corrupção. Os resultados mostram que, no curto prazo, a corrupção estimula o produto da economia e, por consequência, aumenta o nível de renda e bem-estar paranaense e brasileiro. Entretanto, a corrupção apresenta efeitos negativos somente se o montante evadido e/ou entesourado for, em média, superior a 50% do valor desviado do erário público. Os indicadores-síntese da estrutura econômica esclarecem que parte desse resultado é explicado pelo menor grau de interconexão dos setores econômicos atrelados aos gastos do governo. As evidências dos resultados indicam que a tolerância a corrupção pode estar relacionada ao estímulo de curto prazo que a corrupção proporciona à economia, mas que essa tolerância diminui à medida que a sociedade percebe que os níveis de renda e bem-estar econômico não aumentam no longo prazo. Outra evidência dos resultados dessa pesquisa é de que o combate à evasão de divisas pode amenizar os efeitos negativos da corrupção sobre a economia paranaense e brasileira e, ainda, que o combate ao crime de lavagem de dinheiro reduziria as distorções entre o Sistema de Contas Nacional e o real produto da economia.

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Ethiopia is one of the sub-Saharan Africa countries whose energy depends on traditional use of biomass such as wood, charcoal, agricultural residues and animal dung. The traditional use of biomass mainly wood and charcoal leads the country to massive deforestation and forest degradation. Negative environmental impacts from poorly managed municipal solid waste are also serious problems in the country. Moreover, there is a wide range of fossil fuels demand in the country fully covered by importing which results to a significant expenditure from the country’s budget. This study investigates the long-term shifts in bioenergy use of the country and evaluates the expected social, environmental and economical implications. For this purpose, three scenarios are formulated within a timeframe that goes from 2013 to 2030. The baseline scenario assumes the existing energy practices of the country would undergo no significant change in the future while the moderate shift and high shift scenarios consider the long-term shifts in bioenergy use with and without considering constraints respectively. In this context, long-term shifts means: transition from traditional use of biomass to efficient and modern in the household sector, biofuels deployment in the transport sector, introduction of agricultural residues as a fuel for cement production, and electricity generation from bagasse and municipal solid waste. To model and analyze the scenarios, the long-range energy alternatives planning system (LEAP) software tool is used. Taking the results of high shift scenario by 2030, the use of improved wood stoves and fuel switch stoves could save 65 million tons of wood. The foreign currency saving from using biofuels and agricultural residues as fossil fuels substitute would reach to 674 million USD. The greenhouse gas emissions reduction is equivalent to 46 million tons of CO2e which is about 18.4% of the CO2e abatement target of the country for 2030. The corresponding revenue from carbon trading schemes would reach to 231 million USD. Electricity generation from bagasse and municipal solid waste would be 3,672 GWh that is around 3.7% of the total electricity generation target for 2030.

The Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority introduced new guidelines and regulations on March 1, 2019. These regulations induced Swedish banks and other creditors to consider future events as a mean to improve their ability to determine the risk of debtors. A forecast generator was created as a tool to accomplish this. The constraints of this thesis limited the forecast generator to mortgages with four parameters: loss of income, pension, foreign currency and depreciation. The forecast generator was created by combining components of Vitec Capitex's existing mortgage calculator as well as by adding new components. The new components were utilized in advancing loans and budgets in time, as well as calculating a suitable income insurance in the case of a loss of income. Furthermore, the forecast generator could approximate the pension a debtor would receive when retired. The forecast generator could calculate the economic situation of debtors after a future event took place such as a loss of income or an early or late retirement. A suitable income insurance would prevent a debtor from insolvency in the case of an income loss. / Finansinspektionen införde nya riktlinjer och föreskrifter den 1 mars 2019. Dessa föreskrifter anvisade banker och andra borgenärer att ha ett framåtblickande perspektiv för att förbättra deras förmåga att bedöma gäldenärers risk. En beräkningsmotor skapades som ett verktyg för att genomföra detta. Avgränsningarna för denna avhandling begränsar beräkningsmotorn till konsumenter som köper bostadskrediter med fyra parametrar: inkomstbortfall, pension, utländsk valuta och värdeminskning. Beräkningsmotorn skapades genom att kombinera komponenter från Vitec Capitex's existerande beräkningsmotor samt genom att lägga till nya komponenter. De nya komponenterna användes för att beräkna lån och budget för gäldenärer över tid, samt beräkna en passande inkomstförsäkring utifrån ett inkomstbortfall. Vidare kunde beräkningsmotorn approximera en pensionsinkomst efter gäldenären gått i pension. Beräkningsmotorn kunde även beräkna den ekonomiska situationen för gäldenärer efter en framtida händelse inträffat som inkomstbortfall eller en tidig pension. En lämplig inkomstförsäkring skulle skydda en gäldenär från obestånd ifall ett inkomstbortfall inträffat.