Mudar a clássica sala de aula pela cozinha, a carteira pela mesa de jantar; no lugar do lápis a colher-de-pau e no lugar do livro didático um caderno de receitas... O objetivo principal dessa dissertação é propor um curso de língua italiana por meio da culinária que permita ao aluno desenvolver as quatro habilidades lingüísticas de base ouvir, falar, ler e escrever em língua estrangeira nos parâmetros propostos pelo Quadro Europeu Comum de Referência para as Línguas. Para alcançar tal objetivo, o Capítulo I deste trabalho apresenta um breve panorama da culinária italiana, as influências e os sabores que contribuíram para a formação de uma cultura reconhecida mundialmente pela sua culinária. O Capítulo II analisa as teorias de ensino/ aprendizagem centradas no aluno, a didática da ação e a proposta do Quadro Europeu Comum de Referência para as Línguas. A partir da fundamentação teórica apresentada nos dois primeiros capítulos, foi levantada a hipótese de que o aluno brasileiro se identifica com a culinária italiana e essa constitui uma motivação muito válida na aquisição/ aprendizagem da língua italiana ainda na fase inicial de estudo. O Capitulo IIl apresenta o percurso de elaboração do curso: a análise dos livros didáticos, a definição dos objetivos e dos conteúdos e a sistematização das unidades didáticas. O quarto e último capítulo é dedicado à apresentação do curso experimental de italiano por meio da culinária. O curso foi realizado com estudantes de primeiro nível que encontraram na proposta uma oportunidade de conhecer melhor a cultura e os hábitos de um povo, e de adquirir/ aprender os conceitos fundamentais da língua italiana. Aqui é feita a descrição do curso, são apresentadas algumas constatações diante da experiência e os resultados de sua aplicação. As conclusões que seguem a / Swapping the traditional classroom for the kitchen, the desk for the dinner table; instead of the pencil, the wooden spoon, and rather than a Book of Italian, a recipe book... This essay main intention is to propose an Italian as a Foreign Language Course by cooking, while favoring students to develop the four basic skills- speaking, listening, reading and writing in another languageaccording to the Council of Europe Common European Framework. In order to achieve its objective, Chapter I presents an overall sight of the Italian Culinary Arts, with the influences and flavors that helped shape the culture of a country, world widely recognized for its Cuisine. Chapter II analyses the student based teaching/ learning theories, the didactic method and the Council of Europe Common European Framework specifications. From that theoretical background, presented in both previous chapters, the hypothesis that Brazilian students have a connection with the Italian Cuisine has been stated, therefore being a valuable motivation in acquisition/ absorption of the Italian language even in first levels of knowledge. Chapter III explains the sequence for the course preparation: the analysis of the tuition books, definitions of goals and contents and its partition into teaching units. The fourth and last chapter is exclusive for the presentation of experimental cooking classes where Italian as a Foreign Language was taught using the Italian Gastronomy. The subjects were first-level students who, through such proposal, came upon the opportunity of knowing more about the culture and habits of a countrys population, besides gaining basic understanding of the Italian language. It presents the description of those classes, some remarks arisen from the experience and its results. Its following conclusions attest the theory that learning with pleasure always works well.

O mundo passa por um envelhecimento populacional e, segundo estimativas do IBGE, o Brasil será o sexto país no mundo com a maior população idosa em 2025. Com o aumento da expectativa de vida, aumenta também o tempo livre, de aposentadoria, dando espaço para atividades esportivas, recreativas, educativas, dentre outras. A busca pela realização pessoal tem levado os idosos a procurarem atividades que haviam adiado devido ao trabalho, à família e a outros fatores. Dentre essas atividades, há grande interesse pelos cursos de língua estrangeira. Surgem, então, oportunidades de contato intergeracional nas aulas de língua, que trazem benefícios para todos os participantes. Para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, partimos da discussão sobre identidade, abordada pelos Estudos Culturais (em especial, Stuart Hall e Tomaz Tadeu da Silva), estudos da Psicologia Social sobre estereótipos e preconceito e pesquisas na área de Gerontologia. O Italiano no Campus (IC), apesar de não ter sido criado especificamente com o intuito de ser um Programa Intergeracional, possui grupos etariamente heterogêneos, com alunos de 16 até 78 anos, podendo, assim, ser considerado um ambiente intergeracional em que os participantes possuem um objetivo em comum: aprender a língua italiana. Dessa forma, o IC constitui um espaço de grandes trocas e de ampla possibilidade para a quebra de estereótipos e preconceitos sobre os idosos e o próprio processo de envelhecimento. O ambiente propicia, também, aumento do respeito ao outro e maior conhecimento de uma geração sobre a outra, bem como a quebra de estereótipos negativos que envolvem os idosos e o processo de aquisição/aprendizagem de uma língua estrangeira. O papel do professor torna-se, então, fundamental nesse contexto, já que pode determinar o sucesso ou o fracasso desses ambientes intergeracionais e das relações que neles ocorrem. Nossa pesquisa envolveu alunos e monitores do IC, com um levantamento de dados realizado em três etapas, com questionários aplicados a alunos e monitores e entrevistas feitas com monitores. Com os dados, conseguimos traçar o perfil dos alunos do Italiano no Campus que hoje conta com um quarto do seu público dentro da chamada terceira idade e colher depoimentos sobre as relações intergeracionais tanto na visão dos monitores quanto na visão dos alunos. Os resultados nos mostraram que a maioria dos alunos prefere os grupos intergeracionais e que tanto alunos quanto monitores acreditam que a heterogeneidade etária enriquece o curso. Mesmo que não tenha sido concebido com essa finalidade, o IC tem potencial para ser um Programa Intergeracional, auxiliando, inclusive, na reinclusão social do idoso. / Overall, the global population is aging and, according to IBGE estimates, Brazil will have the sixth largest elderly population by 2025. The increase in life expectancy, together with the amount of free time available in retirement, has meant more time for sporting, recreational and educational activities, among other things, for this segment of the population. The quest for personal fulfillment has led many elderly to finally participate in activities that they had previously postponed, largely due to more pressing work and family commitments. Included among these activities, there is now great interest in foreign language courses. Thus, opportunities for intergenerational contact among participants of language courses arise, which in turn bring benefits for all those involved. Our starting point for the development of this study was the discussion around identity covered by various Cultural Studies (particularly, those by Stuart Hall and Tomaz Tadeu da Silva), as well as studies about stereotypes and prejudice in the realm of Social Psychology and general research into the area of Gerontology. Despite not being created specifically for the purpose of being an Intergenerational Program, the Italian on Campus (IC) course has groups that span considerable age ranges, from 16 to 78 years. These groups can thus be considered intergenerational environments in which participants have a common objective: learning the Italian language. Accordingly, the IC has constructed a space for important exchanges and with great potential for breaking down stereotypes and prejudices about the elderly and the aging process itself. This type of environment also promotes increased respect for others and greater opportunities for the generations to find out more about each other, as well as getting rid of the negative stereotypes pertaining to the elderly, with regards to the process of acquiring and learning a foreign language. Therefore, the role of the teacher becomes fundamental in this context, because it can determine the success or failure of these intergenerational environments and the relationships that occur within them. Our study involved IC students and monitors and comprised of a fact-finding mission in three stages, with questionnaires applied to students and monitors, as well as interviews with the monitors themselves. With this data, we were able to define the profile of the students participating in the Italian on Campus course, where a quarter of participants are now defined as seniors, and to record experiences about intergenerational relationships, both from the standpoint of the monitors as well as from that of the students themselves. The results show us that most of the students prefer the intergenerational groups and both students and monitors believe that broad age range enriches the course. Even though it was not conceived for this purpose, the IC course has the potential of becoming a true Intergenerational Program, further aiding in the social re-inclusion of the elderly.

Esta tese discute a noção de cultura e realiza o movimento de alçá-la como um objeto discursivo, a partir do seu papel em práticas de ensino/aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras, especificamente as de língua espanhola para brasileiros. Nesse movimento de devolver historicidade ao termo, ao discutir sua relação com a história, parto de uma série de trabalhos teóricos sobre cultura produzidos no campo dos Estudos Culturais, da Sociologia e da Antropologia Cultural, mobilizando-os para o campo dos Estudos da Linguagem (conforme a perspectiva teórica da Análise do Discurso materialista) e, mais especificamente, o da reflexão sobre as práticas de ensino de línguas estrangeiras, em especial as de língua espanhola. Esta pesquisa coloca em relação temas referentes a cultura, identidade, ideologia e colonialidade, ao realizar um percurso teórico que se materializa na elaboração de lineamentos a partir de textos da esfera literária, visando a interlocução no campo de formação de professores. As reflexões aqui presentes oferecem resistência a certas formas de trabalhar sobre e com a cultura, formas essas que estão instaladas, de alguma maneira, em certos saberes estereotipados e estabilizados sobre o outro e sobre a língua, e estão atravessadas pela colonialidade do poder e do saber, em práticas relacionadas ao ensino de língua estrangeira. / This thesis discusses the notion of culture and addresses it as a discursive topic, aiming to reflect on its role in practices for teaching/learning foreign languages, specifically for teaching Spanish to Brazilians. This approach restores historicity to the term by discussing its relationship with history based on a number of theoretical works concerning culture produced in the fields of cultural studies, sociology and cultural anthropology, putting them to use in the field of language studies (in accordance with the theoretical perspective of materialist discourse analysis) and, more specifically, of the reflection on practices for teaching foreign languages, especially Spanish, such that this reflection has a resonance in the area of teacher training. This work concerns issues related to culture, identity, ideology and coloniality, following a theoretical path that results in the development of guidelines based on texts from the literary sphere aimed at introducing them into the field of teacher training. The reflections presented here are designed to provide resistance to certain types of work on culture and the ways these are included in some manner in certain stereotyped and established knowledge about the other and about language, affected by colonialities of power and knowledge in practices related to the teaching of a foreign language.

This is a small-scale study that looks at how important upper secondary students andteachers in a mid-size Swedish community consider intercultural communicativecompetences to be and how frequently they work with developing these competences.Previous research on the work with intercultural communicative competence suggestteachers are largely unaware of theories in this area, but these studies were conducted atleast ten years ago. Current models for working with intercultural communicativecompetences are discussed and questionnaires for students and teachers were developedto investigate attitudes towards and experiences of working with interculturalcompetences. The results of the questionnaires indicate that there is still little awarenessof current models and that practical communicative exercises are rare. As this study issmall scale and can only provide possible indications of the extent to witch interculturalcommunicative competence is dealt with in the classroom, the paper concludes thatfurther and more extensive studies are needed.Keywords

The aim of the diploma thesis is to design and develop portal supporting the teaching process of foreign languages. This portal should help students to practice the previously learned topics and provide their teachers with the possibility to administer students, the subject matter presented in the games, give assignments and view performance of their students in the games played. The first part of the thesis presents games and gamification in the teaching process from theoretical point of view, analysis of selected gamified and game systems supporting the teaching process and a survey of demnad for such a product and its features among foreign language teachers. The following part describes the design of the resulting application, description of the implemented architecture and user manual. Practical outcome of this thesis is a web application that can be easily extended by adding new games that use the application interface defined.

Esta dissertação, que se insere na linha Estudos linguísticos e didáticos, tem por objetivo estudar o ensino-aprendizagem de língua estrangeira através da elaboração de uma sequência didática e da produção de textos pertencentes ao gênero textual anúncio publicitário por alunos de FLE. Para tanto, visamos a apresentar a análise desse gênero textual e suas contribuições para as práticas de ensino de língua estrangeira e, sobretudo, buscamos colaborar para as reflexões sobre o desenvolvimento das capacidades de linguagem dos alunos na aprendizagem de FLE através de gêneros textuais. Porém, pretendemos dar especial atenção ao desenvolvimento da capacidade de argumentar, por meio de textos verbais e visuais, característicos do anúncio publicitário. Para isso, apoiamo-nos no quadro teórico-metodológico do interacionismo sociodiscursivo (ISD), tal como é apresentado por Bronckart (1999, 2003, 2006, 2008), no que se refere à compreensão do agir humano através da atividade de linguagem. Servimo-nos também do modelo de análise de textos do ISD destinado, principalmente, ao estudo de textos verbais e das propostas para o ensino de línguas por meio dos gêneros textuais (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004). Inspiramo-nos, também, na união das categorias da Gramática do Design Visual (GDV), desenvolvida por Kress e Van Leeuwen (2006), para nos auxiliar na análise de textos não verbais, à perspectiva do ISD, assim como foi proposta por Leal (2011). Essa união das teorias possibilita a análise dos gêneros textuais multimodais como os anúncios publicitários, pois, esse gênero combina textos verbais e não verbais. Baseamo-nos, ainda, em outros teóricos do ISD para a elaboração do material didático através da noção de gênero textual (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004; CRISTOVÃO, 2005; MACHADO, 2005; DIONÍSIO, 2005; LOUSADA, 2005) e para analisar o desenvolvimento das capacidades relacionadas ao argumentar (PLANTIN, 2008; KOCH, 2004). Dessa forma, construímos o modelo didático do gênero textual anúncio publicitário, elaboramos uma sequência didática e a aplicamos , de modo a coletarmos as produções textuais iniciais e finais dos alunos de FLE. Posteriormente, analisamos as produções através do modelo de análise proposto neste estudo, observando a apropriação do gênero textual anúncio publicitário pelos alunos e, portanto, sua aprendizagem no que diz respeito aos efeitos argumentativos produzidos pela combinação do texto verbal e visual. Os resultados desta dissertação apresentam o gênero textual como megainstrumento (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004), visto que ele contribui para o desenvolvimento das capacidades de linguagem dos alunos em língua estrangeira e, sobretudo, da capacidade que permite ao aluno argumentar, valendo-se de elementos verbais e visuais, ou seja, agir socialmente por meio da linguagem / This thesis, which belongs to the research project linguistic and didactic studies, aims to study the teaching and learning of foreign language through the development of a didactic sequence and production of texts belonging to the textual genre advertisement by FLE students. In order to achieve this goal, we aim to present the analysis of this textual genre and its contributions to the practices of foreign language teaching and, above all, we seek to contribute to the discussions on the development of students language capacities when learning FLE through textual genres. However, we intend to focus in particular on the development of the capacities to argue, through verbal and visual texts, which are characteristic of the advertisement texts. In order to do so, we rely on the theoretical and methodological framework of socio-discursive interactionism (SDI), as shown by Bronckart (1999, 2003, 2006, 2008), regarding the understanding of human activity through language activity. Moreover, we employ the model of text analysis of the SDI intend, primarily to the study of verbal texts and proposals for teaching languages through text genres (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004). Furthermore, we are inspired by the union of the categories of Grammar of Visual Design (GVD), developed by Kress and Van Leeuwen (2006), to assist in the analysis of non-verbal texts, in the prospective of SDI, as proposed by Leal (2011). This union of theories enables the analysis of multimodal textual genre as advertisements, because this genre combines verbal and nonverbal texts. We also rely on other SDI theorists for the preparation of didactic material through the notion of genre (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ , 2004; CRISTOVÃO , 2005; MACHADO, 2005; DIONÍSIO, 2005; LOUSADA, 2005) and to analyze the development of capacities related to \" argue \" (PLANTIN , 2008; KOCH , 2004) . Thus, we built the didactic model of the textual genre advertisement, we developed a didactic sequence and then applied it in order to collect the initial and final textual productions by FLE students. Subsequently, we analyzed the productions within the framework proposed in this study, observing the appropriation of the textual genre advertisement by students and, therefore, their learning in terms of argumentative effects produced by the combination of verbal and visual texts. The outcomes of this thesis show the genre as a mega instrument (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ , 2004), since it contributes to the development of students language capacities in a foreign language and, above all, students ability to argue, using verbal and visual aspects and acting in the social world through language

This research is logged in the field of language acquisition, focusing on Spanish as a foreign language learnt at university level. It investigates how learning strategies are used by students to develop proficiency in Spanish over a three-year period (from the first year to the third year). Adopting a cognitive lens that places special attention to how linguistic knowledge is constructed, deconstructed and reconstructed, this study focuses on the language learning process, specifically on what the students do to learn a language. Taking into account that the learning of foreign language poses particular and distinctive challenges – as opposed to the learning of a second language – and using a multiphase design that combines sequential strands encompassing quantitative and qualitative techniques, this study finds that those who successfully complete all the Spanish courses are the ones who report significantly more use of metacognitive strategies in the first year. The study concludes by proposing a framework that helps to classify the role that the use of strategies play in learning a foreign language from a student’s perspective. This framework adds a new dimension and provides valuable information to similar types of studies. Considering the above-mentioned findings, the study recommends introducing first-year students to the potential value of using metacognitive strategies in foreign language learning, and suggests that lecturers should recommend more activities for students to engage in the language outside the classroom. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Modern European Languages / PhD / Unrestricted

In recent years, Facebook has become a tool for practicing English. Language educators have been trying to integrate the social context of a community of practice into formal teaching, as a complement to classroom-based learning. However, social media platforms are used independently outside of the school context. For example, many English-language learners use the application Facebook Groups to choose a community of practice that shares the same purpose of language learning. With the aim of contributing to the understanding of English-language learners’ independent use of Facebook, this paper seeks to explore their online practices through non-participant observation and a qualitative analysis of the content shared and commented on the group wall. 858 posts (and related comments) shared by the members of an English language-learning group, open to the public, were analysed with the purpose of finding out which aspects of foreign language learning seem to be particularly relevant for the group and which of the four basic language skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) are they trying to develop. Another important aspect is whether the interactions in the group are conducted in English as expected. The results show that reading skills tend to be promoted to a greater extent than the other skills. It was then observed that the group members use the English language consistently, with very few exceptions. In general, therefore, this study shows that the Facebook Groups contribution to learning English through participation in an English-language learning community such as the one observed here is rather limited and unbalanced.

The focus of this study is the potential reduction of first language (L1) use during group activities in the second language (L2) classroom through the introduction of L2 support phrases with the goal of enabling learners to carry out three information exchange tasks without resorting to communication in L1. Many language instructors tend to limit group interaction because learners would typically revert to the language they are comfortable with and thus receive less comprehensive input and feedback from peers or get a chance to modify their output in the target language. Group work in the second language classroom is, however, most beneficial as it maximizes the number of turns students take and their overall speech production.  In the study I conducted, the participants were 16 students, forming eight pairs, from beginning Spanish language classes. Those in the L2 support class received linguistic assistance while those in the no L2 support class did not receive any additional help during the three information-exchange activities completed by the participants four to five weeks apart. The transcribed learner-learner interactions were analyzed in order to reveal the extent to which beginning Spanish language learners use the L1 rather than the target language during group work, and to make observations about the communicative functions of the languages used.  The findings revealed that providing L2 support phrases to manage tasks and deliberate over language use did not have an impact on the amount of the use of L1. On the contrary, it demonstrates that verbalizing less in the L1 in learner-learner interactions does not produce more target language. Thus, this study contributes to the theoretical explanation for the use of an L1 during learner-learner interactions, which does not always align with pedagogical practices. / Spanish

This thesis project for a Master of Arts in Spanish Pedagogy consists of a four-week, ten-lesson unit on culture in the family. This unit is designed for a middle school Spanish I class and is intended to supplement Chapter 5 in the Realidades textbook in the cultural aspect of learning a foreign language. The intention is to engage students to consider cultural perspectives, or the “why” cultures do what they do. The lesson plans from the unit are based on backward design and are structured around essential questions including, “What constitutes an ideal family?” An emphasis is placed on cultural perspectives of individual families while incorporating the five C's of the World-Readiness Standards for Learning Languages. An analysis of student learning and outcomes are provided in the final chapter. Supplementary lesson plans and evidentiary student work, photos and videos are included as appendices.