Le corpus est la matière première de la linguistique informatique et du traitement automatique du langage. Peu de langues disposent de corpus riches en ressources web (forums, blogs, etc.), et ce bien qu'elles soient parfois les seules disponibles. Or ces ressources contiennent beaucoup de bruit (menus, publicités, etc.). Le filtrage des données parasites et des répétitions nécessite un nettoyage à grand échelle que les chercheurs font en général à la main.Cette thèse propose un système automatique de constitution de corpus web nettoyés de leur bruit. Il est constitué de trois modules : (a) un module de construction de corpus en n'importe quelle langue et sur tout type de données, prévu pour être collaboratif et historisé ; (b) un module d'aspiration des pages web orienté sur les forums et des blogs ; (c) un module d'extraction de données pertinentes, utilisant des techniques de clustering selon différentes distances à partir de la structure de la page. Le système est évalué sous l'angle de l’efficacité de la suppression du bruit et du temps d’exécution. Nos expérimentations, faites sur quatre langues, sont évaluées à l'aide de notre propre corpus de référence. Pour mesurer la qualité, nous utilisons rappel, précision et F-mesure. Deux distances, la feature-distance et la distance de Jaro, donnent les meilleurs résultats, mais pas dans les mêmes contextes, la feature-distance ayant la meilleure qualité moyenne.Nous comparons notre méthode avec trois méthodes traitant du même problème que la nôtre, Nutch, BootCat et JusText. Les performances de notre système sont meilleures pour la qualité d’extraction, même si pour le temps de calcul, Nutch et BootCat dominent. / Corpora are the main material of computer linguistics and natural language processing. Not many languages have corpora made from web resources (forums, blogs, etc.), even those that do not have other resources. Web resources contain lots of noise (menus, ads, etc.). Filtering boilerplate and repetitive data requires a large-scale manual cleaning by the researcher.This thesis presents an automatic system that construct web corpus with a low level of noise.It consists of three modules : (a) one for building corpora in any language and any type of data, intended to be collaborative and preserving corpus history; (b) one for crawling web forums and blogs; (c) one for extracting relevant data using clustering techniques with different distances, from the structure of web page.The system is evaluated in terms of the efficacy of noise filtering and of computing time. Our experiments, made on four languages, are evaluated using our own gold standard corpus. To measure quality, we use recall, precision and F-measure. Feature-distance and Jaro distance give the best results, but not in the same contexts, feature-distance having the best average quality.We compare our method with three methods dealing with the same problem, Nutch, BootCat and JusText. The performance of our system is better as regards the extraction quality, even if for computing time, Nutch and BootCat dominate.

Esta tese trata da atuação das novas instâncias participativas voltadas para a governança territorial constituídas para atender ao Programa de Promoção da Sustentabilidade de Espaços Sub-Regionais, da Política Nacional de Desenvolvimento Regional. Busca identificar a contribuição dos arranjos institucionais deliberativos, denominados Fóruns das Mesorregiões Diferenciadas, enquanto espaços privilegiados para a prática da democracia deliberativa, na governança do desenvolvimento dos seus respectivos territórios. Para tanto, foram escolhidos como objetos de estudo dois fóruns mesorregionais, localizados na macrorregião Sul do país, abrangendo os estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Paraná. A abordagem empírica foca-se na atuação do Fórum da Mesorregião Metade Sul do Rio Grande do Sul (Fórum MESOSUL) e do Fórum da Mesorregião Grande Fronteira do Mercosul (Fórum MESO MERCOSUL), constituídos para atuar na integração e articulação dos diferentes atores regionais para a construção, implementação, monitoramento e avaliação de planos, projetos e ações de interesse público para o desenvolvimento das mesorregiões. Buscou-se por meio de uma base teórica-metodológica compreender a atuação e o processo de deliberação destes fóruns, enquanto estratégias inovadoras de governança territorial participativa, em novas escalas de planejamento do desenvolvimento. Com base neste propósito, buscou-se analisar a trajetória sócio-histórica dos Fóruns MESOSUL e MESO MERCOSUL enquanto possíveis instâncias de governança territorial. No estudo empírico dos Fóruns se verificou suas características de espaço de governança territorial participativa. A forma como as deliberações são efetivadas, representam uma inovação em relação às práticas tradicionais de planejamento e gestão do desenvolvimento, embora com algumas fragilidades e dificuldades, a atuação destes fóruns representa um avanço no processo de descentralização político administrativo, principalmente por atuarem em uma escala intermediária entre a municipal e a estadual, onde a multiplicidade de estruturas públicas e privadas se entrecruza, constituindo uma complexa rede de poder e de interesses individuais e coletivos. Conclui-se que os respectivos fóruns se enquadram como arranjos institucionais deliberativos e as suas práticas demonstram um esforço de governança territorial, mesmo que ainda não atenda aos modelos ideais. A expectativa quanto à realização desta pesquisa é a de contribuir com informações sobre o campo do conhecimento das políticas de desenvolvimento local/regional do país, bem como, das estruturas de governança territorial constituídas em espaços territoriais diferenciados. / This thesis focuses on the practice of the new participative bodies aimed at the territorial governance set to meet the Program for the Promotion of Sustainability of Sub-Regional Spaces, of the National Policy for Regional Development. It seeks to identify the contribution of deliberative institutional arrangements, called Forums of the Differentiated Mesoregions, while privileged spaces for the practice of the deliberative democracy, in the governance of the development of their respective territories. In order to do so, two mesoregional forums were chosen as study objects, located in the South macro-region of tthe country, comprising the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná. The empirical approach focuses on the practice of the Fórum da Mesorregião Metade Sul do Rio Grande do Sul - Forum of the Mesoregion Southern Half of (Forum MESOSUL) and the Fórum da Mesorregião Grande Fronteira do Mercosul – Forum of the Mesoregion of the Mercosur Great Border (Fórum MESO MERCOSUL), comprised to work in the integration and articulation of the different regional actors for the construction, implementation, monitoring and assessment of plans, projects and actions of public interest for the development of the mesoregions. We aimed, through a theoretical-methodological basis, to understand the work and the process of deliberation of these forums as innovative strategies of participative territorial governance, in new scales of development planning. Based on this purpose, the aim was to analyze the social-historical course of the MESOSUL and MESO MERCOSUL Forums while possible instances of territorial governance. In the empirical study of the Forums it has been noticed their characteristics of space of participative territorial governance. The way the deliberations are made represent an innovation in terms of the traditional planning practices and development management, although with some weaknesses and difficulties, the practice of these forums represents an advance in the process of political and administrative decentralization, mainly as they work in an intermediary scale between the city and state level, where the diversity of public and private institutions intertwines, resulting in a complex network of power and individual and collective interests. The conclusion is that the respective forums fit in as deliberative institutional arrangements and their practices show an effort of territorial governance even though it does not yet serve the ideal models. The expectation concerning the completion of this research is to contribute with information on the field of knowledge about policies of local/regional development of the country as well as structures of territorial governance comprised in differentiated territorial spaces.

abstract: Online discussion forums have become an integral part of education and are large repositories of valuable information. They facilitate exploratory learning by allowing users to review and respond to the work of others and approach learning in diverse ways. This research investigates the different comment semantic features and the effect they have on the quality of a post in a large-scale discussion forum. We survey the relevant literature and employ the key content quality identification features. We then construct comment semantics features and build several regression models to explore the value of comment semantics dynamics. The results reconfirm the usefulness of several essential quality predictors, including time, reputation, length, and editorship. We also found that comment semantics are valuable to shape the answer quality. Specifically, the diversity of comments significantly contributes to the answer quality. In addition, when searching for good quality answers, it is important to look for global semantics dynamics (diversity), rather than observe local differences (disputable content). Finally, the presence of comments shepherd the community to revise the posts by attracting attentions to the posts and eventually facilitate the editing process. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Computer Science 2016

Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2017-06-12T17:40:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseVRAP.pdf: 5750058 bytes, checksum: 3efc60bbc18d8e9f995a052e4c217570 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-06-27T19:22:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseVRAP.pdf: 5750058 bytes, checksum: 3efc60bbc18d8e9f995a052e4c217570 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-06-27T19:22:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseVRAP.pdf: 5750058 bytes, checksum: 3efc60bbc18d8e9f995a052e4c217570 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-27T19:26:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseVRAP.pdf: 5750058 bytes, checksum: 3efc60bbc18d8e9f995a052e4c217570 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-14 / Não recebi financiamento / The National Curricular Guidelines (DCN) for engineering courses in Brazil point to a generalist, humanistic, critical and reflexive formation. However, several obstacles are found in the search for a teaching that provides a broader view of engineering, among them the lack of interdisciplinary activities that can associate issues of specific for- mation with the social context. Thus, this work has as main objective to make a qualita- tive analysis, in the form of a case study, on the implementation of Simulated Negotia- tion Forums as a didactic strategy that can contribute to engineers ́ formation in the country, as proposed by the curricular guidelines. The theoretical foundations involve authors of the STS (Science, Technology and Society) field of research, pursuing ideas such as Reflexive Modernity, Risk Society, Actor-Network Theory, sociotechnical con- troversies and the Social Construction of Technology. Data collection for the research was carried out in a private institution in the State of São Paulo in two stages, in the first semester of 2014 and in the second semester of 2015, with an engineering class. As a way to obtain students ́ engagement, some activities with a STS approach were pro- posed. Toulmin's theory of invariable argument structures was used to set standards in the forum discussions that were held by students representing sectors of society. The results indicated that, for the group investigated, the Simulated Negotiation Forums provided opportunities for the active participation of students in the teaching and learn- ing process, going beyond the specific contents of each area of engineering that are cov- ered by traditional disciplines. In addition, this didactic strategy involved debate around controversial socio-technical situations, teamwork and interdisciplinary aspects. In this way, it was possible to illuminate other areas of professional performance of the engi- neer to act critically and reflexively in the contemporary world, and the STS field of studies was able to offer important contributions, whose perceptions of students en- gaged in research support this view. / As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) para os cursos de engenharia no Brasil apontam para uma formação generalista, humanista, crítica e reflexiva. Entretanto, di- versos obstáculos são encontrados em busca de um ensino que proporcione essa visão mais ampla da Engenharia, dentre eles a falta de atividades interdisciplinares que pos- sam associar questões da formação específica com o contexto social. Assim, este traba- lho tem como principal objetivo fazer uma análise qualitativa, na forma de estudo de caso, sobre a implantação de Fóruns de Negociações Simulados, como uma estratégia didática que possa contribuir para a formação de engenheiros no país, conforme propõe as diretrizes curriculares. Os fundamentos teóricos envolvem autores do campo de estu- dos CTS (Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade), perseguindo ideias como a Modernidade Reflexiva, Sociedade de Risco, Teoria Ator-Rede, controvérsias sociotécnicas e a Cons- trução Social da Tecnologia. A coleta de dados para a pesquisa ocorreu em uma institui- ção privada do interior do Estado de São Paulo em duas etapas, no primeiro semestre de 2014 e no segundo semestre de 2015, com uma turma de engenharia do período diurno. Como forma de obter o engajamento dos estudantes algumas atividades com enfoque CTS foram propostas. A teoria de Toulmin sobre estruturas invariáveis dos argumentos foi utilizada para estabelecer padrões nos debates propiciados pelos fóruns, que foram realizados pelos estudantes ao representarem setores da sociedade. Os resultados indica- ram que, para a turma investigada, os Fóruns de Negociações Simulados propiciaram oportunidades para a participação ativa dos estudantes no processo de ensino e aprendi- zagem, indo além dos conteúdos específicos de cada área da Engenharia, abordados nas disciplinas tradicionais. A estratégia didática envolveu debate em torno de situações sociotécnicas controversas, trabalho em equipe e aspectos interdisciplinares. Dessa for- ma, foi possível iluminar outras áreas de atuação profissional do engenheiro para atuar de forma crítica e reflexiva no mundo contemporâneo, sendo que o campo de estudos CTS pôde oferecer importantes contribuições, cujas percepções dos estudantes engaja- dos na pesquisa dão respaldo à essa visão.

Esta tese trata da atuação das novas instâncias participativas voltadas para a governança territorial constituídas para atender ao Programa de Promoção da Sustentabilidade de Espaços Sub-Regionais, da Política Nacional de Desenvolvimento Regional. Busca identificar a contribuição dos arranjos institucionais deliberativos, denominados Fóruns das Mesorregiões Diferenciadas, enquanto espaços privilegiados para a prática da democracia deliberativa, na governança do desenvolvimento dos seus respectivos territórios. Para tanto, foram escolhidos como objetos de estudo dois fóruns mesorregionais, localizados na macrorregião Sul do país, abrangendo os estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Paraná. A abordagem empírica foca-se na atuação do Fórum da Mesorregião Metade Sul do Rio Grande do Sul (Fórum MESOSUL) e do Fórum da Mesorregião Grande Fronteira do Mercosul (Fórum MESO MERCOSUL), constituídos para atuar na integração e articulação dos diferentes atores regionais para a construção, implementação, monitoramento e avaliação de planos, projetos e ações de interesse público para o desenvolvimento das mesorregiões. Buscou-se por meio de uma base teórica-metodológica compreender a atuação e o processo de deliberação destes fóruns, enquanto estratégias inovadoras de governança territorial participativa, em novas escalas de planejamento do desenvolvimento. Com base neste propósito, buscou-se analisar a trajetória sócio-histórica dos Fóruns MESOSUL e MESO MERCOSUL enquanto possíveis instâncias de governança territorial. No estudo empírico dos Fóruns se verificou suas características de espaço de governança territorial participativa. A forma como as deliberações são efetivadas, representam uma inovação em relação às práticas tradicionais de planejamento e gestão do desenvolvimento, embora com algumas fragilidades e dificuldades, a atuação destes fóruns representa um avanço no processo de descentralização político administrativo, principalmente por atuarem em uma escala intermediária entre a municipal e a estadual, onde a multiplicidade de estruturas públicas e privadas se entrecruza, constituindo uma complexa rede de poder e de interesses individuais e coletivos. Conclui-se que os respectivos fóruns se enquadram como arranjos institucionais deliberativos e as suas práticas demonstram um esforço de governança territorial, mesmo que ainda não atenda aos modelos ideais. A expectativa quanto à realização desta pesquisa é a de contribuir com informações sobre o campo do conhecimento das políticas de desenvolvimento local/regional do país, bem como, das estruturas de governança territorial constituídas em espaços territoriais diferenciados. / This thesis focuses on the practice of the new participative bodies aimed at the territorial governance set to meet the Program for the Promotion of Sustainability of Sub-Regional Spaces, of the National Policy for Regional Development. It seeks to identify the contribution of deliberative institutional arrangements, called Forums of the Differentiated Mesoregions, while privileged spaces for the practice of the deliberative democracy, in the governance of the development of their respective territories. In order to do so, two mesoregional forums were chosen as study objects, located in the South macro-region of tthe country, comprising the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná. The empirical approach focuses on the practice of the Fórum da Mesorregião Metade Sul do Rio Grande do Sul - Forum of the Mesoregion Southern Half of (Forum MESOSUL) and the Fórum da Mesorregião Grande Fronteira do Mercosul – Forum of the Mesoregion of the Mercosur Great Border (Fórum MESO MERCOSUL), comprised to work in the integration and articulation of the different regional actors for the construction, implementation, monitoring and assessment of plans, projects and actions of public interest for the development of the mesoregions. We aimed, through a theoretical-methodological basis, to understand the work and the process of deliberation of these forums as innovative strategies of participative territorial governance, in new scales of development planning. Based on this purpose, the aim was to analyze the social-historical course of the MESOSUL and MESO MERCOSUL Forums while possible instances of territorial governance. In the empirical study of the Forums it has been noticed their characteristics of space of participative territorial governance. The way the deliberations are made represent an innovation in terms of the traditional planning practices and development management, although with some weaknesses and difficulties, the practice of these forums represents an advance in the process of political and administrative decentralization, mainly as they work in an intermediary scale between the city and state level, where the diversity of public and private institutions intertwines, resulting in a complex network of power and individual and collective interests. The conclusion is that the respective forums fit in as deliberative institutional arrangements and their practices show an effort of territorial governance even though it does not yet serve the ideal models. The expectation concerning the completion of this research is to contribute with information on the field of knowledge about policies of local/regional development of the country as well as structures of territorial governance comprised in differentiated territorial spaces.

Context: Academic researchers publish their results of new and advanced scientific knowledge (often in close collaboration with industry) in academic journals and conferences. However, it is not know to what extent this information reaches the practitioners. So far this has not been investigated. This information will help researchers in the dissemination process of their research findings. Objectives: In this study we investigate which types of knowledge dissemination forums exist in software engineering, how frequent and aware they are to software practitioners and how useful they find it in improving their professional activities. Methods: We conducted a survey of software practitioners posted on LinkedIn, Yahoo, Facebook, Google+, Meetup and Google groups. The survey contained demographics information, seven types of forums for obtaining scientific knowledge and how important respondents felt these forums improve their professional activities. Results: The results of the survey indicate that Book Publishers, Blogs, Video Tutorial and Social Media are considerable forums of sharing new and advance scientific knowledge for software practitioners. Whilst, IT magazines, scientific journals and meetings are suggested to be less considered forums in gaining new and advanced scientific knowledge. Conclusions: We conclude that academic researchers could improve the exposure of their research findings by presenting their results not only in journals and meetings. But also in new forums where they can represent results in the form of videos, blogs or social media. This exposes their research findings to a larger audience of software practitioners. / C/O TALUKDER MAMUN SÄRLAGATAN 13B 214 48, MALMO. Phone: 0733499525

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Catchment forums are concerned groups of people that come together on a voluntary basis in a specific area. They share the same goal and purpose to achieve - sustainable water resources management. These Catchment Forums are suppose to give a voice for those who are marginalised, by creating a safe space in smaller gathering of familiar people on water issues.Higher level organisations such as Department of Water Affairs and Forestry and Catchment Management Agencies have a responsibility to look after these forums. The main focus of this research is to develop an in-depth understanding of these catchment forums, elaborate on the role they play in water resources management, what impact or influence they have on governance in the catchment and the difficulties that they experience through the process of acting as custodian of water resources. Another crucial part of this research is to describe public participation approached by Department of Water Affairs and Forestry in the process of writing the proposal to establish a catchment management agency, determine the role of catchment forums in the establishment of catchment management agency in the Olifant-Doorn Water Management Area and the necessity of these forums as an organisational type in the establishment of catchment management agency. Minutes from the meetings of the Reference Group in the Olifants-Doorn Water Management were therefore the primary source of data. Additional data sources were approved proposals and field notes. Consultants who facilitated the public participation process were consulted from time to time to verify information.The National Water Policy hints at an ideal state where all residents of a catchment are in a position to negotiate water allocation and resolve resource-based conflicts in an equitable manner. One of the key themes evident in the Nation Water Policy of South Africa and echoed in the National Water Act and Water Service Act is participatory water management. For the public participation process in the Olifants-Doorn Water Management Area, catchment forums almost seemed unnecessary, since there were 38 other stakeholder groups active. This study has shown that catchment forums in the Olifants-Doorn Water Management Area participated at the level of collaborate. When it is taken into consideration that the higher level includes all the lower levels, catchment forums had sufficient opportunity to influence the decision taken in the process of writing the proposal to establish the Olifants-Doorn Catchment Management Agency, without experiencing the need or having the clout to actually make the decision.Key words: Catchment Forums, Catchment Management Agencies, decision-making,governance, iwrm, public participation.

The Internet is increasingly being used as a source of health advice and information by individuals with long term conditions (LTCs). Online forums allow people to interact with others with similar conditions, providing access to a form of social support that is based around the shared experiences of living with and managing an LTC. However, it is not clear how this support is integrated into people’s lives and their use of health services. To date, research in this area has predominately focused on single conditions, and while it has been suggested that Internet forums may be particularly beneficial for those with ‘contested’ LTCs, this has not been adequately explored. This study aims to address this gap by exploring how individuals with contested and uncontested LTCs utilise Internet forums. This study used qualitative methods, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 participants with ME/CFS and 21 participants with type 1 and 2 diabetes. These conditions were considered to provide an appropriate context in which to explore the use of the Internet and Internet forums for contested and uncontested LTCs. Participants were recruited via a number of online and offline routes, including discussion boards, email lists, newsletters, and face-to-face support groups. Interviews transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. The results focused on three overlapping themes that were identified during the analysis; namely (1) the process of developing and maintaining trust on forums, (2) accessing support and empowerment online, and (3) forum users’ presentations of self online. The use of online discussion groups was a complex and nuanced process, and was influenced by a number of individual and illness specific factors. Developing relationships with trusted forum members enabled individuals to give and receive support online, and provided a tool of empowerment. While access to peer support and the lived experiences of others were valued by interviewees, forums also allowed participants to access both experiential and scientific knowledge online, providing both lay and expert perspectives around LTCs. In addition, interviewees were seen to carefully manage how they presented themselves on forums, selecting the information that they shared about themselves in order to develop and maintain a particular online persona. By drawing on the advice, information, and support shared online, participants were empowered to position themselves as active participants in their own healthcare and to further engage with healthcare professionals. The findings indicate that forums can play a valuable role in aiding and motivating individuals in the daily management of LTCs, and highlight how this support is used to complement formal health services.

Apart from the significant amount of research based in the perspective of social service workers, parents’ viewpoints of their experiences with children in long-term foster care is notably underrepresented within social science literature. To address this lack in coverage this paper discusses parents’ experiences of compulsory care (LVU) using content analysis drawing on selected comment sections from two internet-based discussion forums, Flashback and Familjeliv. Our main objective was to analyse parents’ descriptions of their relations with the social services and changes in the perceptions of the role of parenting after the emergency removal. Applying the theoretical framework of social trust we sought to achieve a deeper understanding for the parents’ situation. The social trust theory aims at analysing individuals’ trust for the state and state institutions, especially in relation to different social groups. The study shows that the high levels of trust between citizen and authorities, one of the Swedish society’s central trademarks, was not reflected in the material collected concerning parents’ experiences of the so-called social safety net. In line with previous research, parents’ narratives demonstrated a significant distrust for the social services and their descriptions indicated a sense of neglect. Parents’ comments also suggested a lack of understanding for the judgements made by social service workers and the resulting compulsory care.

Although the experience of sexual abuse is quite common among men, particularly among those in clinical populations, relatively little research has been done specifically with male survivors and the impact of abuse in their lives. More specifically, the impact of sexual abuse on male survivors' relationship dynamics has been underdeveloped in the research literature. Untapped online data can help illuminate these relationship dynamics, providing insight to clinicians for improved couple and family treatment. Through qualitative analysis of data from online discussion boards at MaleSurvivor.org, the present study examined the ways in which male survivors of sexual abuse described dynamics of their interpersonal relationships. Findings revealed impacts from the abuse on male survivors' relationships as well as impacts of their relationships on abuse recovery. Significant others of male survivors were influential, both positively and negatively, in regard to disclosure, companionship, conversation, modeling relationships, and help-seeking and recovery behaviors. Impacts of the abuse on relationships were reported in emotional, sexual, and relational domains. Further, results gave preliminary insight into how online forums themselves provide opportunities for support-seeking in online relationships and how male sexual abuse survivors approach these online relationships.