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A research report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Artsin Political Studies by Creative Writing to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, March 2019 / Set in the context of a post-Apartheid South Africa, this research report constitutes a Foucauldian analysis of how state institutional support for SMME resonates with neoliberal governmentality and the consequent attempt to prompt the post-Apartheid subject. Relevant herein, are the state institutions that are mandated to further the states initiative of enterprise development. Primarily making use of archival analysis, policy data from these institutions were sought out and analysed. Analysing enterprise development from a historical perspective, it is evident that intentions have evolved with regard to two factors. Firstly, the ever-permeating growth in the promotion of ‘entrepreneurial culture’; and secondly, the differentiation of targeted subjects. Through studying these findings, it is argued that there is an attempt by the state to condition entrepreneurial subjectivities. It can further be argued that, as a consequent to the former, the agenda of the state is to outsource fiscal liabilities to informal markets. This research report ultimately constitutes a Foucauldian interpretation of these two cardinal findings. / NG (2020)

Le concept de gouvernementalité forgé par Michel Foucault est de plus en plus populaire non seulement auprès des philosophes, mais aussi auprès des sociologues, politologues, économistes, anthropologues et plusieurs autres spécialistes appartenant à ce que nous nommons les ±sciences humaines¿. Pourtant, les origines, les recherches et les pistes de réflexion liées à ce concept au sein même du travail de Michel Foucault sont plutôt mal connues. Le présent mémoire tentera d'expliquer ce que signifie ce concept dans les travaux de ce penseur. Nous explorerons plus précisément le parcours qu'emprunta Michel Foucault dans sa théorisation du pouvoir l'amenant vers ses vues généalogiques. / De là, nous analyserons les éléments relatifs au déploiement d'une ±microphysique du pouvoir¿ dégageant les configurations stratégiques du pouvoir de souveraineté, du régime disciplinaire et du biopouvoir. Partant d'une double critique contre l'emploi de cette ±microphysique¿, nous étudierons ensuite l'entrée de l'État dans cette grille d'analyse, menant Foucault à conceptualiser les relations de pouvoir et de subjectivation en terme de gouvernement, de résistance et de pratiques de liberté. En examinant les principaux textes de Michel Foucault, de même que son enseignement au Collège de France entre 1970 et 1984, nous suggérerons que le projet de cette analyse généalogique de la rationalité gouvernementale occidentale -- qui remonte jusqu'aux sources grecques et bibliques -- se veut à la fois le relais, l'approfondissement et le dépassement de ses analyses du pouvoir, du sujet, de la liberté et de la résistance.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-12-20T08:44:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alessandro de Lima Francisco.pdf: 4293336 bytes, checksum: 1ab770c4fad6118674ccf4af48e7e223 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-20T08:44:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alessandro de Lima Francisco.pdf: 4293336 bytes, checksum: 1ab770c4fad6118674ccf4af48e7e223 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-11 / This research refers mainly to Jacques Lagrange’s unpublished manuscripts related to courses offered by Michel Foucault at École Normale Supérieure de Paris, and deposited at Institut Mémoires de l’Édition Contemporaine. It also refers to those by Michel Foucault himself recently deposited at Bibliothèque Nationale de France. The latter focus on files concerning the 1950s –a period not to be ignored if one intends to understand the development of his researches, in order to apprehend the role of Psychology in Michel Foucault’s philosophical problematic. This research intends to show that – leaving from a discourse on psykhé (Psychology) and reaching a conduction of psykhé (Psykhogogía) - , Foucault’s considerations adopt an anti-psychologic posture, while they allow a new understanding of subjectivity / Cette recherche est consacrée à l’étude des manuscrits inédits de Jacques Lagrange en ce qui concerne les cours proférés par Michel Foucault à l’École Normale de Paris pendant les années 1950, déposés à l’Institut Mémoires de l’Édition Contemporaine, et ceux de Michel Foucault lui-même récemment déposés à la Bibliothèque Nationale de France, plus spécialement les dossiers relatifs aux années 1950 – période qui ne peut être négligée si l’on souhaite entendre le développement de recherches de Michel Foucault –, pour comprendre le rôle de la psychologie dans sa problématisation philosophique, en essayant encore de soutenir qu’en partant d’un discours sur la psyché (psychologie), dans les années 1950, et en arrivant à une conduction de la psyché (psycagogie), les réflexions de Foucault, d’un côté, adoptent une posture antipsychologiste, mais, d’un autre côte, rendent possible une nouvelle compréhension de la subjectivité / Esta pesquisa se debruça mormente sobre os manuscritos inéditos de Jacques Lagrange relativos aos cursos ministrados por Michel Foucault na École Normale de Paris, depositados no Institut Mémoires de l’Édition Contemporaine, e aqueles do próprio Michel Foucault recentemente depositados na Bibliothèques Nationale de France, concentrando-se nos dossiês concernentes aos anos 1950 – período que não pode ser negligenciado se se pretende entender o desenvolvimento de suas pesquisas –, para compreender o papel da Psicologia na problematização filosófica de Michel Foucault, buscando defender que, partindo de um discurso sobre a psykhé (Psicologia) e alcançando uma condução da psykhé (Psykhagogía), as reflexões de Foucault adotam uma postura antipsicologista, possibilitando, contudo, uma nova compreensão da subjetividade.

Nous proposons ici une étude sur la culture du souci de soi dans l’Antiquité, telle qu’elle est exposée et interprétée par Michel Foucault dans L’Herméneutique du sujet. En s’appuyant sur l’interprétation des textes des principaux représentants latins du stoïcisme impérial (Sénèque, Épictète et Marc-Aurèle), le mémoire rassemble les éléments d’une théorie foucaldienne du sujet. La première partie traite de la « genèse » du sujet chez Foucault en regard des « techniques de soi » qui le rationalisent. La deuxième partie situe le sujet qui s’élabore dans l’expérience pratique du rapport à soi, dans l’ascèse et dans la discipline, en regard du rapport à l’autre, au corps, au savoir et au langage. La dernière partie présente le contexte historique dans lequel l’injonction au souci de soi est devenue un impératif éthique. On fait alors l’hypothèse que la crise de la démocratie athénienne à la fin du Ve siècle a joué un rôle significatif dans l’émergence de l’injonction socratique et que cette dernière fait écho au verdict des classes dominantes sur l’incompétence politique des masses. Le souci de soi et l’exercice assidu de la maîtrise de soi apparaissent alors comme des préalables indispensables à la participation à la vie politique et aux décisions communes. La culture de soi connaît une lente transformation avec le déclin de la Cité-État, la domination romaine et l’hellénisation de Rome, tout en atteignant son paroxysme à l’époque du Haut-Empire. Elle s’achève dans la construction chrétienne d’une culture du renoncement. On suppose alors que dans chacune de ces configurations historiques, elle a rempli une fonction sociale importante, mais à chaque fois différente. / We propose a study on the culture of the care of the self in Antiquity, as it is exposed and interpreted by Michel Foucault in his course Herméneutique du sujet at the Collège de France. Based on the interpretation of the texts of the principal Latin philosophers of imperial Stoicism (Seneca, Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius), the dissertation brings together the elements of a Foucaldian theory of the subject. The first part deals with Foucault’s perspective on the "genesis" of the subject, with regard to the "techniques of the self " through which one rationalizes oneself. The second part situates the subject that is elaborated in the practical experience of the relation to oneself, in asceticism and discipline, with regard to the relation to the other, to the body, to knowledge and to language. The last part presents the historical context in which the injunction to self-care has become an ethical imperative. It is then suggested that the crisis of Athenian democracy at the end of the 5th century played a significant role in the emergence of the Socratic injunction, and that the latter echoes the ruling classes on the political incompetence of the masses. The care of the self and the constant exercise of self-control then appear as prerequisites for participation in political life and common decisions. The culture of the self slowly change with the decline of the City- State, Roman domination, and the Hellenization of Rome, while reaching its peak in the High Empire. The culture of the self ends in the Christian construction of a culture of renunciation. It is asserted then that in each of these historical configurations, the culture of the self has fulfilled an important social function, but each time different.

Orientador: Luzia Margareth Rago / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T09:14:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pelegrini_MauricioAparecido_M.pdf: 22722884 bytes, checksum: e69445ee0b8d2e8f0af87988fd62244d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Em 1978, Michel Foucault escreveu uma série de artigos jornalísticos para o periódico italiano "Corriere della Sera". Intituladas "reportagens de ideias", tinham como objetivo acompanhar o nascimento das ideias no cruzamento com os acontecimentos do tempo presente. No âmbito deste projeto, realizou duas viagens ao Irã (em setembro e novembro), onde acompanhou de perto a movimentação popular durante os eventos da Revolução Islâmica. Para compreender as raízes da oposição ao governo do xá Reza Pahlavi em seus diversos locais de manifestação, Foucault não se restringiu a conversar com os líderes revolucionários, mas entrevistou diferentes categorias de manifestantes, desde os trabalhadores organizados até os profissionais liberais e intelectualizados, passando pelos diversos níveis de organizações religiosas espalhadas pelo país, dos mulás líderes tribais aos aiatolás das grandes cidades de Qom e Teerã. O que lhe interessava era assistir ao nascimento de uma nova forma de pensar entre os iranianos, e isto só seria possível se ele estivesse lá, em meio ao fervilhar revolucionário. O conjunto de textos, que compreende também artigos, manifestos e entrevistas publicados na imprensa francesa, foi objeto de enorme polêmica, principalmente devido aos desdobramentos posteriores à revolução, com a instauração de uma ditadura teocrática de caráter persecutório às minorias e aos direitos humanos, e permaneceram até hoje pouco explorados teoricamente. Esta dissertação pretende analisar as reportagens iranianas de Foucault a partir de sua construção textual, dos conceitos introduzidos e das diversas interpretações que as cercam. Estrutura-se, assim, em três eixos: o primeiro tem o objetivo de recuperar a trama conceitual interna às reportagens; o segundo, analisar as críticas recebidas e seu contexto teórico; o terceiro, apresentar a espiritualidade política como principal inovação introduzida no corpus teórico foucaultiano. Pretende-se destacar, ainda, ressonâncias dos textos iranianos em outras questões elaboradas por Foucault / Abstract: In 1978 Michel Foucault wrote a series of news articles for the Italian newspaper "Corriere della Sera". Called "journalism of ideas", the articles had the purpose of following the birth of ideas upon its crossing with present times¿ events. Within the scope of this project, he made two trips to Iran (in September and November), where he followed up close the popular movement during the events of the Islamic Revolution. In order to grasp the roots of the opposition to the Shah Reza Pahlavi government in its several places of manifestation, Foucault did not restrain himself to talking to revolutionary leaders but rather also interviewed different categories of protestors, from organized workers to independent and intellectualized professionals, going through the several level of religious organizations spread out through the country, from mullah tribal leaders to Ayatollahs of the large cities of Qom and Tehran. Foucault was interested in witnessing the birth of a new form of thinking among Iranians and it would only be possible if he would be there present, amidst the revolutionary effervescence. The set of texts, which comprises also articles, manifestos and interviews published by the French press was object of great polemic, mainly due to the unfolding of events following the revolution, with the instauration of a theocratic dictatorship having a persecutory nature against minorities and human rights, and remaining until nowadays not much theoretically explored. This dissertation has the purpose of analyzing the Iranian reportages by Foucault from its textual construction, of concepts introduced and several interpretations surrounding them. Therefore, this paper is structured in three axis, the first having the purpose of retrieving the internal conceptual scheme of the reportages; the second being the analysis of criticism received and its theoretical context; the third being to present the political spirituality as the main innovation introduced to Foucault¿s theoretical framework. It is intended to emphasize yet the resonances of the Iranian texts in other issues elaborated by Foucault / Mestrado / Historia Cultural / Mestre em História

This dissertation attempts to interrogate whether the postmodern anti-essentialist approach to the body can truly recognize the ethical value of the body. For the postmodernists, the value of the human body has long been repressed by Cartesian rationalism and dualism that privileges the mind over the body. Dualism is a form of reductionism that reduces either the mind to the body or the body to the mind. It not only fails to recognize an interaction between mind and body, but also privileges one side at the expense of the other. For instance, rationalism is a dualist reductionism since it always explains the body and matter in terms of mind or reason. Thus, dualism not only refers to a split or separation between mind and body, but also refers to a reductive relation between mind and body.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-04-06T12:54:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ândrea Cristina Pimentel Palazzolo.pdf: 470628 bytes, checksum: e3c10b51d4a52478b015535a5c69efa2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-06T12:54:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ândrea Cristina Pimentel Palazzolo.pdf: 470628 bytes, checksum: e3c10b51d4a52478b015535a5c69efa2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-06 / The present study consists of a theoretical exercise, of a bibliographic character, destined to compose a master's thesis in Philosophy. The theme chosen is intended to accompany the reflections of Michel Foucault (1926-1984) on the so-called "kidnapping institutions". The way forward is to follow the footsteps of Michel Foucault's trajectory from his broader scope (the general panorama of his thinking) to the particular theme of "kidnapping institutions", especially through the moment of that trajectory in which they appear explicitly. To achieve such a purpose, there is an introduction about the intellectual path of the philosopher in (his) three moments, followed by the discipline and its generalization. Then, the study focuses the appearance of a disciplinary society, researching the "kidnapping institutions" in Modernity, in order to answer the question: after all, what is the very first function of "kidnapping institutions"? / O presente estudo consiste em um exercício teórico, de caráter bibliográfico, destinado a compor uma dissertação de mestrado em Filosofia. O tema escolhido tem o intuito de acompanhar as reflexões de Michel Foucault ( 1926-1984) sobre as assim chamadas “instituições de sequestro”. O caminho percorrido busca seguir os passos da trajetória de Michel Foucault desde seu âmbito maior ( o panorama geral do seu pensamento) até o tema particular das “ instituições de sequestro” , passando, especialmente pelo momento daquela trajetória na qual elas aparecem de modo explícito. Para tanto há uma introdução sobre a trajetória intelectual do filósofo em seus três momentos. Trata-se, em seguida, da disciplina e sua generalização. Na sequência, o estudo explicita o surgimento da sociedade disciplinar, para, então, investigar as “instituições de sequestro”, na Modernidade, e responder à pergunta: afinal, qual é a função precípua das “instituições de sequestro” ?

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-11-09T10:25:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz de Camargo Pires Neto.pdf: 1397344 bytes, checksum: bd99de87ba27bab483aa397526ac0603 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-09T10:25:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz de Camargo Pires Neto.pdf: 1397344 bytes, checksum: bd99de87ba27bab483aa397526ac0603 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Michel Foucault (1926-1984) is a thinker well recognized for establishing a peculiar relationship with philosophy: he constantly affirms that he cannot be considered a philosopher, criticizes the way that philosophy is exercised, rigorously and creatively proposing another form of practicing it. Interested in understanding the transformations of thought, he investigates the past to diagnose the present, invents concepts, constructs ideas, and destroys evidences. Passionate to novelty and always willing to take risks, he develops his intellectual trajectory in search of new ways of acting and thinking. This paper investigates a conception of philosophy in the light of Michel Foucault. Using the resource of metaphor, this conception is presented as a philosophical theater. In “The stage of philosophy”, Foucault states that his life is dedicated to "the theater of truth", a "story of the scene", a story of how sickness, madness and crime were staged. On the other hand, the inventiveness of the Foucauldian thought evokes the vitality of the theatrical performance. In the first chapter the relations between Foucault and the theater appear. The next three chapters summon the theatrical stage as an epistemic and heterotopic space of the philosophy, the actor as a professor, engaged philosopher, endowed with philosophical gestures, and the staging as "radical journalism", diagnosis of the present, "impatience of freedom", transgressive and limit-experience. Facing all these relations, to conceive philosophy as a philosophical theater, means to signalize the possibility of "thinking differently than one thinks, and perceiving differently from what one sees" / Michel Foucault (1926-1984) é um pensador reconhecido por estabelecer uma relação peculiar com a filosofia: afirma numerosas vezes que não pode ser considerado filósofo, critica a maneira como ela é exercida e propõe, de forma rigorosa e criativa, outra maneira de praticá-la. Interessado em compreender as transformações do pensamento, ele investiga o passado para diagnosticar o presente, inventa conceitos, constrói ideias e destrói evidências. Apaixonado pelo novo e disposto a correr riscos, desenvolve sua trajetória intelectual em busca de novas formas de agir e de pensar. Este trabalho investiga uma concepção de filosofia à luz de Michel Foucault. Utilizando o recurso da metáfora, esta elaboração é apresentada como teatro filosófico. Em A cena da filosofia, Foucault afirma que sua vida é dedicada ao “teatro da verdade”, uma “história da cena”, história de como se encenaram a doença, a loucura, o crime. Por outro lado, a inventividade do pensamento foucaultiano evoca a vitalidade do fazer teatral. No primeiro capítulo figuram as relações entre Foucault e o teatro. Os três capítulos seguintes convocam o palco teatral como espaço epistêmico e heterotópico da filosofia, o ator como professor, filósofo engajado, dotado de gestos filosóficos, e a encenação como “jornalismo radical”, diagnóstico do presente, “impaciência da liberdade”, experiência-limite e transgressora. Diante de todas essas relações, conceber a filosofia como teatro filosófico significa assinalar a possibilidade de “pensar diferentemente do que se pensa, e perceber diferentemente do que se vê”

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-12-21T11:27:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Murilo Sérgio Almeida Rabelo.pdf: 876323 bytes, checksum: a6ac379c61dcda09d9d7648d02e13abe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-21T11:27:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Murilo Sérgio Almeida Rabelo.pdf: 876323 bytes, checksum: a6ac379c61dcda09d9d7648d02e13abe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-14 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This dissertation aims to discuss the epstemological ethical subject in Focault in two specific moments of his work: in the chapter The great confinement from The History of Madness and the class taught in January 6th 1982 in the course The Hermeneutics of Subject. The first chapter discusses the passage The great confinement from The History of Madness, which was a thesis published in 1961. At first, we consider that this text presented, in Focault‟s thought, the relationship between madness and reason and the conjuction of knowledge and power which, in modernity, lead to the marginalisation of madness in the epstemological constitution of the cartesian subject in Descartes‟ Meditations and other metaphysical writings. Later, this dissertation shows that this approach resulted in a polemic between Focault and Jacques Derrida (1930-2009). This theoretical dispute did not appear to have meaningful impact, however, the theoretical dispute resulted in vigorous problems. In the second chapter, it is discussed the way in which Focault, at the first class in the course The Hermeneutics of Subject (1981-1982), brings back issues such as the subject of knowledge and their relationship with the truth, associated with the know yourself of and the care of oneself in ancient ethical tradition. At this course, Focault points out keys for interpretation that will allow us to conclude that the relationship between the know yourself of oneself and the care of oneself in the field of acient subject‟s practical conduct. Therefore, the dissertation aims to emphasize and discuss two moments of problematization which, according to different emphasis, goes through Focault‟s writing / Esta dissertação tem o objetivo de discutir o tema do sujeito ético epistemológico em Foucault em dois momentos precisos de seus trabalhos: no capítulo “A grande Internação” de História da loucura na Idade Clássica, e na aula de 6 de janeiro de 1982 do curso A Hermenêutica do Sujeito. O primeiro capítulo aborda a passagem “A Grande Internação” da História da loucura na Idade Clássica, tese publicada em 1961. Num primeiro momento deste capítulo, consideramos que este texto apresentou, no pensamento foucaultiano, a relação entre loucura e razão e a conjunção de saberes e poderes que, na modernidade, levaram à marginalização da loucura na constituição epistêmica do sujeito cartesiano em as Meditações Metafisicas de Descartes. Num segundo momento, mostramos que essa abordagem de Foucault desencadeou uma polêmica entre ele e Jacques Derrida (1930-2009). Essa disputa teórica aparentava ser transitória e desprovida de maior impacto, todavia, o embate teórico travado produziu problemas vigorosos. O segundo capítulo discute o modo pelo qual Foucault, na primeira aula do curso A Hermenêutica do sujeito (1981-1982), recupera questões referentes ao tema do sujeito de conhecimento e sua relação com a verdade, associado ao conhecimento de si e cuidado de si na tradição ética antiga. Nesse curso, Foucault indica chaves de interpretação que nos permitirão concluir que a relação entre “conhecimento” e “cuidado de si” decorre da problematização do sujeito elaborada por Foucault no início da década de 1980. No recorte de A Hermenêutica do sujeito, identificaremos a ocorrência do cuidado de si no campo da conduta prática do sujeito antigo. Desse modo, a dissertação procura destacar e discutir dois dos momentos de uma problematização que, segundo diferentes ênfases, percorre os escritos de Foucault: a problematização do sujeito