Automated deduction procedures for modal logics, and related decidable fragments of first-order logic, are used in many real-world applications. A popular way of obtaining decision procedures for these logics is to base them on semantic tableau calculi. We focus on calculi that use unification, instead of the more widely employed approach of generating ground instantiations over the course of a derivation. The most common type of tableaux with unification are so-called free-variable tableaux, where variables are treated as global to the entire tableau. A long-standing open problem for procedures based on free-variable tableaux is how to ensure fairness, in the sense that "equivalent" applications of the closure rule are prevented from being done over and over again. Some solutions such as using depth-first iterative deepening are known, but those are unnecessary in theory, and not very efficient in practice. This is a main reason why there are hardly any decision procedures for modal logics based on free-variable tableaux. In this thesis, we review existing work on incorporating unification into first-order and modal tableau procedures, show how the closure fairness problem arises, and discuss existing solutions to it. For the first-order case, we outline a calculus which addresses the closure fairness problem. As opposed to free-variable tableaux, closure fairness is much easier to achieve in disconnection tableaux and similar clausal calculi. We therefore focus on using clausal first-order tableau calculi for decidable classes, in particular the two-variable fragment. Using the so-called unrestricted blocking mechanism for enforcing termination, we present the first ground tableau decision procedure for this fragment. Even for such a ground calculus, guaranteeing that depth-first terminations terminate is highly non-trivial. We parametrise our procedure by a so-called lookahead amount, and prove that this parameter is crucial for determining whether depth-first derivations terminate or not. Extending these ideas to tableaux with unification, we specify a preliminary disconnection tableau procedure which uses a non-grounding version of the unrestricted blocking rule.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-22T10:04:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 antonioteixeiradepaulajunior.pdf: 1054244 bytes, checksum: 9a7fcd05eea6d0d7ff59020571cb06a7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T18:49:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 antonioteixeiradepaulajunior.pdf: 1054244 bytes, checksum: 9a7fcd05eea6d0d7ff59020571cb06a7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T18:49:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 antonioteixeiradepaulajunior.pdf: 1054244 bytes, checksum: 9a7fcd05eea6d0d7ff59020571cb06a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-24 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A fauna bromelícola propicia um alto potencial para o entendimento da ecologia de paisagens. Com a expansão das atividades agropecuárias, remanescentes florestais têm sido reduzidos a pequenas manchas de vegetação, tornando as espécies mais vulneráveis aos efeitos decorrentes dessa modificação da paisagem. O presente estudo visa caracterizar a estrutura das comunidades de invertebrados aquáticos em quatro morfoespécies de bromélias situadas entre 0 e 1,9m de altura em relação ao solo em um gradiente de distância da borda em direção ao interior de fragmentos florestais da Mata Atlântica que apresentam diferentes tamanhos, formas e distâncias entre si e estão localizados próximos a áreas de pastagens e florestas plantadas, em uma região da Serra da Mantiqueira (Brasil). Os grupos mais abundantes foram Ostracoda, Culicidae, Chironomidae e Scirtidae. Maior diversidade e riqueza foram encontradas nos fragmentos menos isolados, provavelmente pela maior facilidade de dispersão entre os indivíduos. A riqueza observada e a diversidade de invertebrados foram similares nas diferentes distâncias da borda, sugerindo ausência de influência do gradiente sobre a fauna de invertebrados bromelícolas nos fragmentos estudados. Com relação ao tipo de matriz, tanto a abundância como a riqueza observada foram similares em matriz de floresta plantada e pastagem. A composição de táxons também não variou em relação ao tipo de matriz. A diversidade, a riqueza e a composição faunística não tiveram relação com a altura da bromélia em relação ao solo, a morfoespécie e o volume de água coletado, também não houve diferença entre as bromélias do início das coletas e as do do final. Foi possível concluir que a estrutura e distribuição de invertebrados bromelícolas não foram influenciadas pelos efeitos do gradiente de distância nem pelo tipo de paisagem do entorno. / The bromeliad fauna provides a high potential to understanding the landscape ecology. With the expansion of agricultural activities, forest remnants have been reduced to small patches of vegetation, making the species more vulnerable to the effects of this landscape modification. This study aims to characterize the community structure of aquatic invertebrates in four morphospecies of bromeliads between 0 and 1.9 m height above the ground in a gradient from the edge to the interior of forest fragments of Atlantic Forest that have different sizes, shapes and distances apart and are located near areas of grassland and planted forests in a region of Serra da Mantiqueira (Brazil). The most abundant groups were Ostracoda, Culicidae, Chironomidae and Scirtidae. Greater diversity and richness were found in less isolated, probably by the ease of dispersion among fragments. The richness and diversity of invertebrates observed were similar in different distances from the edge, suggesting the absence of influence of the gradient on the invertebrate bromeliad fauna in the studied fragments. Regarding the type of matrix, both the abundance and richness observed were similar in planted forest and pasture. Nor does the composition of taxa varied in relation to the type of matrix. The diversity, richness and faunal composition were not associated with the bromeliad height from the ground, the morphospecies and the water volume gathered, there was no difference between the bromeliads of the beginning of the research and of the end. It was concluded that the structure and distribution of the bromeliad invertebrates were not influenced by the effects of the gradient away or by the type of the surrounding landscape.

Peptídeos antimicrobianos (AMP) são importantes componentes do sistema imune de todos os organismos vivos. No plasma de Acanthoscurria rondoniae isolamos 15 AMP com similaridade com a hemocianina. As sete subunidades da hemocianina foram sequenciadas e sua estrutura tridimensional determinada. A rondonina, processada a partir de uma enzima do plasma em condições ácidas apresentou melhor atividade em pH ácido, sinergismo com gomesina, não citotóxico, não interagiu com membranas artificiais lipídicas, protegeu as células da infecção por vírus humanos de RNA e seu mecanismo de ação em leveduras está associado com material genético. Nossos resultados nos ajudam a entender porque aracnídeos sobreviveram por um longo tempo na escala evolutiva. E como as doenças infecciosas estão entre as principais causas de morte da população humana torna-se vital investir na busca de substâncias naturais ou sintéticas que exibam atividades antimicrobianas específicas e, acima de tudo, que as exerçam através de mecanismos de ação alternativos daqueles dos antibióticos disponíveis. / Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are important components of the immune system of all living organisms. In the plasma of Acanthoscurria rondoniae we isolated 15 AMP with similarity to hemocyanin. The seven subunits hemocyanin were sequenced and determined its three-dimensional structure. The rondonin, processed from a plasma enzyme under acidic conditions showed best activity at acid pH, synergism with gomesin, non-cytotoxic, does not interacted with lipid artificial membrane, protected the cells from infection by human virus RNA and its mechanism of action in yeast is associated with genetic material. Our results help us understand why arachnids have survived for a long time on the evolutionary scale. And how infectious diseases are among the leading causes of death in human population becomes vital to invest in the search for natural or synthetic substances that exhibit specific antimicrobial activities and, above all, that engage through alternative mechanisms of action of these antibiotics available.

La volonté d'améliorer l'efficacité énergétique des réacteurs nucléaires a motivé de nouvelles solutions dans leur conception. L'une d'elles est l’utilisation d’un réflecteur lourd dans les réacteurs de génération III+ et les futurs réacteurs de génération IV. Lorsque la matière est traversée par des rayons γ, les excitations induites entraînent une élévation de sa température. Ce processus, appelé échauffement γ, est responsable de plus de 90% de la production de chaleur dans la région hors combustible d'un réacteur nucléaire. C’est également le cas dans le réflecteur. Pour simuler l'effet de l’échauffement γ en fonction de la composition du combustible, il faut disposer de données précises sur les γ prompts émis par les différents fragments produits dans le processus de fission. En 2012, une campagne d’expériences inédite, EXILL, a été menée au réacteur de recherche de l'ILL. Un grand nombre de détecteurs HPGe a été placé autour d’une cible fissile et a mesuré les rayons γ émis par la cible alors qu’elle était irradiée par un faisceau intense de neutrons froids. Dans ce travail, nous avons analysé les données obtenues avec des cibles ²³⁵U. Elles nous ont permis d’étudier la désexcitation de plusieurs fragments de fission et plus globalement le processus de fission induite par des neutrons. Dans un premier temps, nous avons utilisé la méthode standard d'analyse par coïncidence γ-γ-γ. Nous avons pu filtrer les données expérimentales, identifier les transitions γ dans des fragments bien produits et calculer leur intensité relative. Les problèmes que nous avons rencontrés concernent le bruit de fond. Les résultats obtenus dépendent de ce choix et présentent donc des problèmes de reproductibilité. Nous avons développé et testé une nouvelle méthodologie d'analyse. Son principe est un balayage des portes de coïncidence selon trois directions, ce qui permet de trouver le bruit de fond le mieux adapté. L'idée principale était finalement de passer d'une méthode "spectroscopique", dont le but est de trouver de nouvelles transitions et des états excités dans un noyau, à une méthode "spectrométrique", qui nous permet d'obtenir plus précisément l’intensité de transitions γ connues, avec une meilleure estimation de leur incertitude. Cela nous a amené à développer un logiciel d'analyse semi-automatique d'ajustement des pics. Divers schémas de calcul de l'intensité des transitions γ ont été également élaborés pour tenir compte des contaminations possibles, selon leur emplacement dans la matrice de coïncidence et leur intensité. La méthode standard et la nouvelle méthode d'analyse ont été comparées pour l'analyse du ¹⁴²Ba. Dans ce travail, nous avons également comparé nos résultats sur quelques noyaux, tel que le ¹⁰⁰Zr, avec des simulations réalisées avec le code FIFRELIN. Ce dernier est un code Monte-Carlo qui simule le processus de fission et la désexcitation des fragments de fission. FIFRELIN utilise plusieurs modèles différents pour décrire ces processus. Nous avons testé le comportement des différents modèles, trouvé les valeurs optimales des paramètres de simulation et testé comment ces configurations reproduisaient les résultats expérimentaux. FIFRELIN n'a pas été en mesure de reproduire simultanément les intensités des transitions γ émises par les fragments de ¹⁰⁰Zr et la multiplicité de neutrons prompts moyennée sur tous les fragments de fission. Cependant, avec des paramètres modifiés, FIFRELIN a fourni localement une multiplicité de neutrons prompts correcte pour les fragments de masse atomique A=100 et des intensités de transition γ bien reproduites pour le noyau de ¹⁰⁰Zr. Nous avons également comparé nos résultats expérimentaux sur les fragments de ¹⁰⁰Zr provenant du processus ²³⁵U(n,f) avec les autres données expérimentales disponibles provenant des expériences sur ²⁴⁸Cm(sf) et ²⁵²Cf(sf), et une autre expérience sur ²³⁵U(n,f). / The desire to improve the fuel efficiency of nuclear reactors has motivated new solutions in their design. One of them is the heavy reflector used in the generation III+ and in the future generation IV reactors. γ-rays passing through matter cause its excitation and temperature rise. It is a process called γ-heating, and it is responsible for more than 90% of the heat production in the non-fuel region of the nuclear reactor. This is also the case of the heavy reflector. To simulate the γ-heating effect in every state of the nuclear reactor it is necessary to have precise data on the prompt γ-rays emitted by different fission fragments produced in the course of the nuclear chain reaction. In 2012, at the research reactor of the ILL, an innovative experiment, called EXILL, was conducted. It produced a large amount of useful data on the de-excitation of the fission fragments. A large number of HPGe detectors were used to study the neutron induced fission process by measuring the emitted γ-rays. Fissile targets were irradiated by an intense cold neutron beam. In this work we analyzed the ²³⁵U targets. We studied several fission fragments and more generally the fission process by using high-resolution γ-ray spectroscopy. At the beginning, we used the standard γ-γ-γ coincidence analysis method. We were able to filter experimental data, identify the well produced γ-rays, and calculate their relative intensities. The problems we have encountered are related to the background. The results obtained with this method were background dependent and thus presented some problems with reproducibility. We therefore developed and tested a new analysis methodology. Its crucial feature is a coincidence gates scanning in three directions which helps to find the most suitable background. The idea was to move from a “spectroscopic” method, which main purpose is finding new transitions and excited states in a nucleus, to a “spectrometric” method, which allows us to obtain more precise γ-ray intensities. We developed a semi-automatic analysis software which facilitates fitting of the chosen γ-ray peak, the contamination and the background. Various γ-ray intensity calculation schemes were derived to take into account different contamination strengths and placements. The results of the analysis with the new technique are reproducible and more reliable. The standard and the new analysis method were compared in the ¹⁴²Ba analysis. In this work, we also compared our experimental results on some nuclei, such as ¹⁰⁰Zr, with the simulation results performed with the FIFRELIN code. It is a Monte-Carlo code which simulates the fission process and the de-excitation of the fission fragments. It uses various models to describe these processes. We were able to test the behavior of different models implemented in FIFRELIN to find the optimal simulation parameter values and to test how well these setups reproduce the experimental results. FIFRELIN was unable to simultaneously reproduce the γ-ray intensities of ¹⁰⁰Zr and the prompt-neutron multiplicity averaged over all fission fragments. However, with modified simulation parameters, FIFRELIN locally provided correct prompt-neutron multiplicity for the fission fragment with the atomic mass A=100 and well reproduced γ-ray intensities of ¹⁰⁰Zr. We also compared our experimental results on ¹⁰⁰Zr coming from the ²³⁵U(n,f) process with the other available experimental data coming from the experiments on ²⁴⁸Cm(sf) and ²⁵²Cf(sf), and another experiment on ²³⁵U(n,f).

Many Greek and Latin papyri, originally belonging to only one book (be it in roll or codex form), are currently scattered among different libraries. While it is not possible to physically rejoin these fragments as they cannot be moved from their institutions, they may be virtually reunited thanks to the techniques of digitisation, image processing and electronic publishing. This paper focuses on some issues – emerged from the work of my MA dissertation – that virtual reunification of Greek and Latin papyri presents. Firstly, I propose a workflow for the creation of a digital edition of virtually rejoined fragments, by applying the model of virtual reunification recently suggested by R. Punzalan in Understanding Virtual Reunification (2014), the first systematic study on this topic. Also, as a principal reference point among the existing projects, I follow the Sinaiticus Project website, which, similarly, deals with an ancient Greek manuscript now dispersed in different institutions; however, while the Sinaiticus Project is exclusively dedicated to that artefact, the edition here proposed includes the possibility to be widened, in order to allow researchers to possibly include more reunified papyri in the future. Secondly, I propose some recommendations that can be followed by the owning institutions in order to digitise their fragments according to a common strategy. Finally, I focus on how a virtual reunification of papyrus fragments can be technically achieved – in other words, how the transcription code can present unified information about the papyrus as a whole and mark the parts of text belonging to each fragment. This project will hopefully help researchers study papyri divided among different libraries in a more systematic way, thanks to the availability of an electronic edition including the whole text and images of the virtually reunited fragments, and thanks to a consolidation of metadata.

To what extent conformational preference of short peptide sequences within proteins determine their three-dimensional structure? Large-scale quantum chemical calculations coupled with modern solvation methods represent unique set of tools to elucidate key determinants of the biomolecular structure ab initio. Full conformational sampling was performed on model systems representing short peptide fragments. The computed data reveal some of the underlying physico-chemical principles determining the spatial structure of proteins, and provide very important data for finding and tuning the optimal algorithm that may provide a full coverage of (ideally all) low-energy conformers. Keywords: Conformational space, peptide fragments, protein structure, solvation methods, Ramachandran plot, DFT-D3 methods

Univerzita Karlova v Praze Pedagogická fakulta Mystifikace ve výtvarné výchově/Skutečnost a fikce Anna Daňhelková Katedra výtvarné výchovy Pedf UK Vedoucí diplomové práce: doc. ak. mal. Ivan Špirk Studijní program: Učitelství pro základní školy, I. ST 2019 ABSTRACT: The diploma thesis is focused on mystification in literary and visual arts, and on the use of this topic in art education at primary school. At the same time, the thesis deals with the concept of art and also with interdisciplinary relations. The aim of the thesis is to create an art work composed of fictitious artefacts that make a record of a foreign trip. Furthermore, the work of art is linked to the lessons of art education. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to introduce a theory that examines the subject of mystification and the diary. Furthermore, it is necessary to create artefacts and test the art lessons in practice. The contribution of the thesis is the creation of artistic work, which can be used within the motivational part of individual art lessons and thus to link the areas of education. The thesis is divided into three parts. First, the theoretical part which explains the concept of mystification and introduces authors related to this topic. It also deals with the conceptual art and its influences on the further development of...

De plus en plus les organisations adoptent les systèmes d'informations sensibles aux processus basés sur Cloud en tant qu'un environnement pour gérer et exécuter des processus dans le Cloud dans l'objectif de partager et de déployer leurs applications de manière optimale. Cela est particulièrement vrai pour les grandes organisations ayant des succursales opérant dans des différentes régions avec des processus considérablement similaires. Telles organisations doivent soutenir de nombreuses variantes du même processus en raison de la culture locale de leurs succursales, de leurs règlements, etc. Cependant, le développement d'une nouvelle variante de processus à partir de zéro est sujet à l'erreur et peut prendre beaucoup du temps. Motivés par le paradigme "la conception par la réutilisation", les succursales peuvent collaborer pour développer de nouvelles variantes de processus en apprenant de leurs processus similaires. Ces processus sont souvent hétérogènes, ce qui empêche une interopérabilité facile et dynamique entre les différentes succursales. Une variante de processus est un ajustement d'un modèle de processus afin de s'adapter d'une façon flexible aux besoins spécifiques. De nombreuses recherches dans les universités et les industries visent à faciliter la conception des variantes de processus. Plusieurs approches ont été développées pour aider les concepteurs de processus en recherchant des modèles de processus métier similaires ou en utilisant des modèles de référence. Cependant, ces approches sont lourdes, longues et sujettes à des erreurs. De même, telles approches recommandent des modèles de processus pas pratiques pour les concepteurs de processus qui ont besoin d'ajuster une partie spécifique d'un modèle de processus. En fait, les concepteurs de processus peuvent mieux développer des variantes de processus ayant une approche qui recommande un ensemble bien défini d'activités à partir d'un modèle de processus défini comme un fragment de processus. Les grandes organisations multi-sites exécutent les variantes de processus BP dans l'environnement Cloud pour optimiser le déploiement et partager les ressources communes. Cependant, ces ressources Cloud peuvent être décrites en utilisant des différents standards de description des ressources Cloud ce qui empêche l'interopérabilité entre les différentes succursales. Dans cette thèse, nous abordons les limites citées ci-dessus en proposant une approche basée sur les ontologies pour peupler sémantiquement une base de connaissance commune de processus et de ressources Cloud, ce qui permet une interopérabilité entre les succursales de l'organisation. Nous construisons notre base de connaissance en étendant les ontologies existantes. Ensuite, nous proposons une approche pour exploiter cette base de connaissances afin de supporter le développement des variantes BP. De plus, nous adoptons un algorithme génétique pour allouer d'une manière optimale les ressources Cloud aux BPs. Pour valider notre approche, nous développons deux preuves de concepts et effectuons des expériences sur des ensembles de données réels. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent que notre approche est réalisable et précise dans des cas d'utilisation réels / More and more organizations are adopting cloud-based Process-Aware Information Systems (PAIS) to manage and execute processes in the cloud as an environment to optimally share and deploy their applications. This is especially true for large organizations having branches operating in different regions with a considerable amount of similar processes. Such organizations need to support many variants of the same process due to their branches' local culture, regulations, etc. However, developing new process variant from scratch is error-prone and time consuming. Motivated by the "Design by Reuse" paradigm, branches may collaborate to develop new process variants by learning from their similar processes. These processes are often heterogeneous which prevents an easy and dynamic interoperability between different branches. A process variant is an adjustment of a process model in order to flexibly adapt to specific needs. Many researches in both academics and industry are aiming to facilitate the design of process variants. Several approaches have been developed to assist process designers by searching for similar business process models or using reference models. However, these approaches are cumbersome, time-consuming and error-prone. Likewise, such approaches recommend entire process models which are not handy for process designers who need to adjust a specific part of a process model. In fact, process designers can better develop process variants having an approach that recommends a well-selected set of activities from a process model, referred to as process fragment. Large organizations with multiple branches execute BP variants in the cloud as environment to optimally deploy and share common resources. However, these cloud resources may be described using different cloud resources description standards which prevent the interoperability between different branches. In this thesis, we address the above shortcomings by proposing an ontology-based approach to semantically populate a common knowledge base of processes and cloud resources and thus enable interoperability between organization's branches. We construct our knowledge base built by extending existing ontologies. We thereafter propose an approach to mine such knowledge base to assist the development of BP variants. Furthermore, we adopt a genetic algorithm to optimally allocate cloud resources to BPs. To validate our approach, we develop two proof of concepts and perform experiments on real datasets. Experimental results show that our approach is feasible and accurate in real use-cases

La reproduction expérimentale de transitoires thermiques accidentels de type Accident par Perte de Réfrigérant Primaire (APRP) en laboratoire a permis d’observer la fragmentation du combustible fortement irradié lorsque la gaine se déforme sous l’augmentation de la température. Ces fragments de petites tailles peuvent se relocaliser dans le ballon voire être éjectés hors du crayon cas de rupture de gaine. La zone High Burnup Structure (HBS) des combustibles fortement irradiés est la plus susceptible de se fragmenter et d’être relocalisée par sa position en périphérie de pastille. Pour expliquer ce phénomène, l’hypothèse retenue est que le transitoire provoque une surpression dans les bulles HBS ce qui mène à la décohésion des joints de grains et à la fragmentation. Cette thèse a pour but de développer un critère de fissuration mécanique du combustible pour mieux comprendre le comportement des bulles HBS lors des conditions thermiques APRP. Ce travail se base sur une méthode une méthode micromécanique en trois étapes : i) la représentation qui permet de caractériser la microstructure de la zone HBS (leurs dimensions, leur fraction volumique, et la pression interne). Deux sources d’informations seront utilisées : les observations expérimentales provenant de disques ou de pastilles de combustible irradiés à fort taux de combustion et d’outils numériques(avec Alcyone-Caracas [JSB+14]) / Under Loss Of Coolant Accident(LOCA) transients conditions, the high irradiated fuel is fragmented in small sizes fragments who can be relocated in the balloon, or being ejected out of the fuel rod if the latter burst. This work focuses on the pellet rim, where bubbles density increases owing to a higher irradiation level. Usually the hypothesis used to explain fuel fragmentation during transient is grain cleavage induced by over pressurized fission gas bubbles, located at the grain boundary. The aim of this study is to define a macroscopic fragmentation model based on a micro mechanical approach to have a better understanding of the fuel mechanical behaviour at lower scale : size and volume fraction of fragments. This PhD introduces a stepwise micromechanical method based on three steps : i) firstly, we detail how to model the HBS microstructure including pressurized porosities, based on experimental or numerical data and define a representative volume element (RVE)

The project follows up on the undergraduate work on the issue of control and surveillance in public space. Tendencies of absolute transparency, well-arranged and controllable public premises, supposedly implying security, are present in most of the newly emerging complexes of buildings and urban planning strategies. Whether it is done consciously or as a result of current “trends” and requirements, which only a few question, the space is built to meet these demands for easy controllability. The second method of control, which has also emerged during the era of modernism, is the control of the indoor climate through "mechanical environmental management" or through the use of fossil fuel energy for heating, cooling and ventilation. Current requirements for the comfort of the indoor environment presuppose a constantly, fully and homogeneously tempered environment, regardless of the outdoor climate or the time of year. Both control regimes permeate all measures of the urban environment and have a direct impact on its organization, form and, above all, on the regimes of its usage. Developers and their commissioned architects repeat well-proven business models and forms, without any major focus on the context of the place, and incorporate this "logic of control" into their buildings and surroundings. Housing complexes are planned and built up as one unit with a rigid structure and only a minimal possibility of their later alteration. The domain of control through transparency penetrates from the public space to the entrance door of the apartment unit. Indoor, social control changes to total control of the interior climate of the apartment, where the boundaries between seasons and day and night are blurred. The proposal is investigating alternative ways of urban planning and architecture. The project deals with the relationship between building, its surroundings and applicable regulations, standards and energy efficiency, along with the idea of adaptive living.