Firstly, I will introduce the thought experiments known as the Frankfurt-style cases. Secondly,I will present the flicker of freedom defense. Thirdly, I will clarify why Stump rejects the flicker of freedom defense. Then I will present Capes’s response to Stump’s assessment of the 2flicker of freedom defense. Next, I will analyze Capes’s and Stump’s positions and argue that Capes successfully shows that Stump’s rejection fails. Lastly, I will discuss an implication the flicker of freedom defense has for the Frankfurt-style cases, which has not been addressed to my knowledge.

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My paper questions the degree to which the hip hop subculture is oppositional to mainstream American society and its ideals. Toward that end, I examine the structure of the hip hop industry and its subculture. While the hip hop subculture in America consistently has projected images of rebellion and resistance to many of the mores, constraints and values of dominant society, the actual structure and organization of the hip hop subculture have mirrored, supported and promoted the values of the dominant culture in the United States. I begin by examining the structure of the main elements of the hip hop subculture: deejaying, breakdancing, emceeing and graffiti art, and the practices within each to demonstrate that the hip hop subculture has a structure which supports capitalistic practices. The interactions between hip hop industry participants, their fans, and the marketplace are an embracing of the values of mainstream American society and capitalism. From its inception, the structure of the hip hop subculture and the actions of the artists within the structure essentially has made hip hop music capitalism set to a beat.

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Even though many stock markets in the world adopted involuntary cross-listing with minimal application procedures, the cross-listing literature has widely ignored this activity. The gap in the literature is critical to U.S. restaurant companies since the number of involuntary cross-listings has significantly increased during the last ten years, despite the corporations' decisions not to cross-list or to change strategies to eliminate cross-listings. Direct communication with those foreign-listed U.S. restaurants reveals that they are unaware of involuntary cross-listing. This research uncovers the phenomenon of U.S. restaurants' involuntary cross-listing with a focus on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, in which a majority of U.S. restaurant shares have cross-listings. Specifically, the current dissertation provides trajectories of U.S. restaurant companies' cross-listing, discovers determinants of involuntary cross-listing that are specific to U.S. restaurant companies, and investigates the consequences of informational asymmetry in the U.S. and Germany, specifically the dynamics of stock prices in the two stock markets. The current dissertation finds that U.S. restaurant companies have widely chosen not to list their shares on foreign exchanges, while many of their shares are subject to involuntary cross-listing on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange by German financial institutions. This study also finds that German financial institutions consider U.S. restaurant companies' sizes, industry growth opportunities, and overall U.S. economic conditions. In addition, the current research finds that U.S. stock prices of U.S. restaurant companies lead the German stock prices of cross-listed U.S. restaurant firms. Empirical findings of this study have valuable theoretical, managerial, and regulatory implications. Theoretically, the research advances understanding of the economic consequences of involuntary cross-listing, to which the cross-listing literature has paid little attention. Specifically, this dissertation provides sharp insights into German financial institutions and German investors involved in the involuntary cross-listing. The current research also confirms the role of information asymmetry and trading volume on the dynamics of stock prices in multiple stock markets. Practically, this study's contribution to U.S. restaurant industry occurs through acknowledgement and evidence of the involuntary cross-listing phenomenon in which more and more U.S. restaurant companies unknowingly engage. The findings also prompt the Frankfurt Stock Exchange to reconsider their policies regarding involuntary cross-listing, and assist U.S. and German investors to understand better the dynamics of stock prices in both countries. / Business Administration/Strategic Management

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In der Rückschau auf Frankfurt 2011 ist festzuhalten: Es kamen 40 interessierte Kolleginnen und Kollegen. An zwei Tagen hatten wir wieder 13 Vorträge und natürlich ein Beiprogramm (geführte Bibliotheksbesichtigungen). Nach wie vor ein Adjektiv von Gewicht in den Vorträgen ist „automatisch“ oder „automatisiert“. Es suggeriert die Erzeugung von Schlagwörtern oder Klassifikations-Notationen ohne oder fast ohne intellektuelle Einwirkung der Bibliothekare. Die automatisierte Indexierung braucht allerdings immer "Referenz-Datenpools", um zu funktionieren. Auch die kontinuierliche Weiterentwicklung von Thesauri und Systematiken wird wohl immer von Menschen gemacht werden müssen. Soviel in aller Kürze zu Neuem in demjenigen Bereich der Bibliothekswelt, der uns in der GfKl angeht: Das inhaltliche Erschließen, Suchen und Finden. / Looking back at Frankfurt it may be stated: 40 colleagues attended our meeting. In two days we listened to 13 speeches. And of course a support program – consisting of library tours – was run. One of the pre-eminent adjectives in the various contributions was “automatic” or “automated”; it suggests the idea of machine-created notations in a classification system or some kind of a self-generating controlled vocabulary in a system of subject headings. But any system of automated indexing needs pools of reference data – and those cannot be created without intellectual input. Which applies also to the creation of a thesaurus. That far my very brief introduction into our 2011 investigation into the novelties of that part of the library world that concerns us: Subject indexing or simply search and find. Hans-J. Hermes

Thesis (doctoral)--Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [373]-409) and index.