This thesis deals with the role of sponsorship and patronage in the process of migration and in the formation of Biraderi based relationships and various sociological questions posed in the local context within which ethnicity is a defining element. For example, it demonstrates how far Rochdale Pakistanis as an ethnic group are maintaining their culture in Britain; in particular, how kinship and friendship networks determine the dominant pattern of social interaction among Pakistanis. Further, it deals with the extent to which these networks help and facilitate the immigration and settlement of Pakistanis in this country and result in their "incapsulation" within the wider society. The analysis of these issues was. conducted at different levels: at the individual (case studies) and interactional level, at the social situations and community level and at the level of the wider society's institutions and structures. This included a consideration of the activities of the local Pakistani community in terms of their kinship networks, their economic"activites political participation, religious institutions, community leadership and ethnic organisations. It also includes an analysis of the actors in these different fields, highlighting each area of activity that led to the incapsulation of Pakistanis. It was found that the Pakistani community tends to be mobilized on ethnic lines. This mobilization, it seems, reinforces their ethnic identity and results in their unity, especially when threatened by hostile "out-groups". I The analysis strongly suggests that the whole complex of ethnic institutions manifests the Pakistani community's wish to express and, at the same time, perpetuate their traditional values, beliefs and culture, although this varies to some extent according to occupational background, educational level and generational differences.

L’influence du groupe d’amis prend de l’importance à l’adolescence. Cette influence est observable dans plusieurs domaines, dont au niveau de l’engagement scolaire. On remarque en effet une forte similarité du niveau d’engagement scolaire chez les membres d’un même groupe d’amis. L’importance de cette influence des pairs n’est néanmoins pas uniforme pour tous les adolescents: plusieurs facteurs de modération peuvent entrer en jeu, dont le niveau de popularité de l’adolescent et de ses amis. La présente étude vise à examiner l’effet modérateur du niveau de popularité des élèves et de leurs amis sur le lien prédictif entre l’engagement scolaire des amis et le développement de l’engagement scolaire des élèves. Des données ont été recueillies au cours de deux années scolaires consécutives auprès de 403 élèves de secondaire I et II. Les résultats démontrent que le niveau de popularité des amis permet de prédire la diminution à travers le temps du niveau d’engagement scolaire des élèves, et ce, après avoir contrôlé pour la plupart des facteurs associés. De plus, la popularité de l’élève modère l’influence présumée que les pairs peuvent avoir sur le développement de l’engagement scolaire: l’engagement des amis étant positivement associé l’engagement ultérieur des élèves uniquement lorsque ces deniers s’avèrent populaires au sein de leur groupe de pairs. / Peer influence gets more and more important during teenage years. This influence can be observed in many domains, including school engagement. Friends tend to be very similar regarding their school engagement levels. Peer influence may vary depending on many moderating factors, including the popularity levels of the adolescent and his/her friends. This study examined the moderating effect of adolescent’s and friends’ popularity levels on the predictive link between friends’ school engagement and adolescent’s own school engagement. Data were collected during two consecutive years with 403 7th and 8th graders. Results show that friends’ popularity in grade 7 predicted lower student’s school engagement in grade 8, even while controlling for many associated factors. Moreover, student’s popularity level moderated peer influence on school engagement: friends’ engagement level predicted student’s school engagement one year later, but only for popular adolescents.

Esta tese investigou a relação entre o bem-estar subjetivo infantil e as relações interpessoais das crianças, através de quatro estudos: um teórico, dois quantitativos e um qualitativo. O primeiro verificou a identificação da contribuição das relações interpessoais para o bem-estar subjetivo infantil na literatura selecionada. Foram identificados nas bases de dados SciELO, Web of Science; MEDLINE/Pubmed, PsycINFO, LILACS e PROQUEST, 142 artigos, sendo analisados sistematicamente 26 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Os resultados apontam que as relações interpessoais contribuem positivamente para o bem-estar subjetivo infantil, tendo sido estudadas principalmente as relações com a família, amigos e na escola. O segundo estudo e o terceiro estudos foram realizados com 2.280 crianças com idades entre 9 e 12 anos (55,5% meninas), sendo aplicados os instrumentos Student Life Satisfaction Scale (SLSS), Personal Wellbeing Index School-Children (PWI-SC), e 19 itens de satisfação com as relações com a família, amigos e no ambiente escolar. O segundo estudo teve como objetivo verificar fatores subjacentes entre o bem-estar subjetivo e a satisfação das crianças com suas relações interpessoais com a família, amigos e no ambiente escolar. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e de consistência interna, análise de componentes principais e de regressão múltipla. Os resultados apontam que os itens de relações interpessoais se agrupam em três componentes relacionados a família, escola e amigos, e que as relações estudadas podem ser consideradas preditoras do bem-estar infantil. O terceiro estudo buscou associar a satisfação das crianças com suas relações interpessoais com família, amigos e na escola, e sua satisfação com seu bem-estar subjetivo, considerando as variáveis idade, gênero, tipo de escola e cidade. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e análises multivariadas de variância (MANOVA). Os resultados apontam que não há diferença na satisfação com as relações interpessoais por idade, sendo as crianças do interior as mais satisfeitas. Alunos de escolas particulares são mais satisfeitos com suas relações com a família e na escola, enquanto os de escolas públicas são mais satisfeitos com suas relações e amizade. As meninas são mais satisfeitas com suas relações na escola e com amigos. O bem-estar apresenta redução com o aumento da idade, e os meninos obtiveram médias de bem-estar significativamente mais altas que as meninas. As crianças que apresentam maiores médias de bem-estar são as que vivem no interior e estudam em escolas públicas, e as que vivem na capital e estudam em escolas particulares. O quarto estudo foi realizado com 103 crianças com idades entre 8 e 12 anos de escolas públicas e privadas de Porto Alegre e Santa Maria, e objetiva conhecer as percepções das crianças sobre seu bem-estar e suas relações interpessoais. Foram realizados 10 grupos focais, analisados com Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados apontam 4 subcategorias relativas a características das relações, que foram agrupadas em 3 categorias maiores: Família, Amigos e Outras relações. O trabalho contribui para a compreensão da perspectiva infantil sobre as relações interpessoais e bem-estar subjetivo, discutindo e esclarecendo aspectos que permitem a elaboração de intervenções e políticas públicas mais efetivas para aumento do bem-estar e melhoria da qualidade das relações interpessoais das crianças. / This thesis investigated the relationship between child subjective well-being and children interpersonal relationships, through four studies: a theoretical, two quantitative and one qualitative. The first study verified the identification of the contribution of interpersonal relationships to child subjective well-being in the selected literature. There were identified in databases SciELO, Web of Science; MEDLINE/Pubmed, PsycINFO, LILACS e PROQUEST, 142 articles, being systematically analysed 26 articles that attended to inclusion criteria. The results point that interpersonal relationships contribute positively to child subjective well-being, being studied mainly the relationships with family, friends and at school. The second and the third studies were realized with 2.280 children aged between 9 and 12 years old (55,5% girls), being apllied the instruments Student Life Satisfaction Scale (SLSS), Personal Wellbeing Index School-Children (PWI-SC),and 19 items of satisfaction with family, friends and at school environment. The second study had as objective at verifying subjacent factors between subjective well-being and children’s satisfaction with their interpersonal relationships with family, friends and at school environment. Descriptive analyzes and internal consistency, principal component analysis and multiple regression were performed.The results point that the items of interpersonal relationships grouped in three components related to the family, school and friends, and that the relationships studied can be consider predictors of subjective well-being. The third study sought associate the children satisfaction with their interpersonal relationships with family, friends and school, and their satisfaction with their subjective well-being, considering variables age, gender, school type and city. Descriptive analysis and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were performed.The results point that there is no difference between the satisfaction’s means with the interpersonal relationships by age, and that children living at country towns are more satisfied with their interpersonal relationships. Children who study at private schools are more satisfied with their relationships with family and at school environment, while students from public schools are more satisfied with their friendships; and girls are more satisfied with their relationships at school environment and with friends. The subjective well-being presented reduction with age increased, and boys had subjective well-being means significantly higher than girls did. The children who presented higher subjective well-being means are those who live in country towns and study at public schools, and the ones who live at the capital and study at private schools. The fourth study were realized with 103 children aged between 8 and 12 years old, from public and private schools of Porto Alegre and Santa Maria, and aim to know the perceptions of children about their well-being and their interpersonal relationships. Were performed 10 focus groups, analysed with content analysis. The results of this study reveal 4 subcategories related to relationships characteristics’, that were grouped in 3 major categories: Family, Friends and Other Relationships. The work contributes to the understanding of child perspective about interpersonal relationships, discussing and clarifying aspects that allow the development of more effective interventions and public policies to increase well-being and improving the quality of children interpersonal relationships.

Esta tese investigou a relação entre o bem-estar subjetivo infantil e as relações interpessoais das crianças, através de quatro estudos: um teórico, dois quantitativos e um qualitativo. O primeiro verificou a identificação da contribuição das relações interpessoais para o bem-estar subjetivo infantil na literatura selecionada. Foram identificados nas bases de dados SciELO, Web of Science; MEDLINE/Pubmed, PsycINFO, LILACS e PROQUEST, 142 artigos, sendo analisados sistematicamente 26 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Os resultados apontam que as relações interpessoais contribuem positivamente para o bem-estar subjetivo infantil, tendo sido estudadas principalmente as relações com a família, amigos e na escola. O segundo estudo e o terceiro estudos foram realizados com 2.280 crianças com idades entre 9 e 12 anos (55,5% meninas), sendo aplicados os instrumentos Student Life Satisfaction Scale (SLSS), Personal Wellbeing Index School-Children (PWI-SC), e 19 itens de satisfação com as relações com a família, amigos e no ambiente escolar. O segundo estudo teve como objetivo verificar fatores subjacentes entre o bem-estar subjetivo e a satisfação das crianças com suas relações interpessoais com a família, amigos e no ambiente escolar. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e de consistência interna, análise de componentes principais e de regressão múltipla. Os resultados apontam que os itens de relações interpessoais se agrupam em três componentes relacionados a família, escola e amigos, e que as relações estudadas podem ser consideradas preditoras do bem-estar infantil. O terceiro estudo buscou associar a satisfação das crianças com suas relações interpessoais com família, amigos e na escola, e sua satisfação com seu bem-estar subjetivo, considerando as variáveis idade, gênero, tipo de escola e cidade. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e análises multivariadas de variância (MANOVA). Os resultados apontam que não há diferença na satisfação com as relações interpessoais por idade, sendo as crianças do interior as mais satisfeitas. Alunos de escolas particulares são mais satisfeitos com suas relações com a família e na escola, enquanto os de escolas públicas são mais satisfeitos com suas relações e amizade. As meninas são mais satisfeitas com suas relações na escola e com amigos. O bem-estar apresenta redução com o aumento da idade, e os meninos obtiveram médias de bem-estar significativamente mais altas que as meninas. As crianças que apresentam maiores médias de bem-estar são as que vivem no interior e estudam em escolas públicas, e as que vivem na capital e estudam em escolas particulares. O quarto estudo foi realizado com 103 crianças com idades entre 8 e 12 anos de escolas públicas e privadas de Porto Alegre e Santa Maria, e objetiva conhecer as percepções das crianças sobre seu bem-estar e suas relações interpessoais. Foram realizados 10 grupos focais, analisados com Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados apontam 4 subcategorias relativas a características das relações, que foram agrupadas em 3 categorias maiores: Família, Amigos e Outras relações. O trabalho contribui para a compreensão da perspectiva infantil sobre as relações interpessoais e bem-estar subjetivo, discutindo e esclarecendo aspectos que permitem a elaboração de intervenções e políticas públicas mais efetivas para aumento do bem-estar e melhoria da qualidade das relações interpessoais das crianças. / This thesis investigated the relationship between child subjective well-being and children interpersonal relationships, through four studies: a theoretical, two quantitative and one qualitative. The first study verified the identification of the contribution of interpersonal relationships to child subjective well-being in the selected literature. There were identified in databases SciELO, Web of Science; MEDLINE/Pubmed, PsycINFO, LILACS e PROQUEST, 142 articles, being systematically analysed 26 articles that attended to inclusion criteria. The results point that interpersonal relationships contribute positively to child subjective well-being, being studied mainly the relationships with family, friends and at school. The second and the third studies were realized with 2.280 children aged between 9 and 12 years old (55,5% girls), being apllied the instruments Student Life Satisfaction Scale (SLSS), Personal Wellbeing Index School-Children (PWI-SC),and 19 items of satisfaction with family, friends and at school environment. The second study had as objective at verifying subjacent factors between subjective well-being and children’s satisfaction with their interpersonal relationships with family, friends and at school environment. Descriptive analyzes and internal consistency, principal component analysis and multiple regression were performed.The results point that the items of interpersonal relationships grouped in three components related to the family, school and friends, and that the relationships studied can be consider predictors of subjective well-being. The third study sought associate the children satisfaction with their interpersonal relationships with family, friends and school, and their satisfaction with their subjective well-being, considering variables age, gender, school type and city. Descriptive analysis and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were performed.The results point that there is no difference between the satisfaction’s means with the interpersonal relationships by age, and that children living at country towns are more satisfied with their interpersonal relationships. Children who study at private schools are more satisfied with their relationships with family and at school environment, while students from public schools are more satisfied with their friendships; and girls are more satisfied with their relationships at school environment and with friends. The subjective well-being presented reduction with age increased, and boys had subjective well-being means significantly higher than girls did. The children who presented higher subjective well-being means are those who live in country towns and study at public schools, and the ones who live at the capital and study at private schools. The fourth study were realized with 103 children aged between 8 and 12 years old, from public and private schools of Porto Alegre and Santa Maria, and aim to know the perceptions of children about their well-being and their interpersonal relationships. Were performed 10 focus groups, analysed with content analysis. The results of this study reveal 4 subcategories related to relationships characteristics’, that were grouped in 3 major categories: Family, Friends and Other Relationships. The work contributes to the understanding of child perspective about interpersonal relationships, discussing and clarifying aspects that allow the development of more effective interventions and public policies to increase well-being and improving the quality of children interpersonal relationships.

Thesis (MA. (Clinical Psychology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2015. / The present research investigated the relationship between peer friendships and alcohol drinking patterns, amongst second year students at the University of Limpopo (Turfloop campus). The use and abuse of alcohol amongst students in South African and globally is problematic and increases decade after decade. Students consider alcohol consumption a normal part of university life and often overlook the consequences of health and social problems associated with high levels of alcohol use. The study utilised a quantitative approach with a cross sectional survey design. A convenience sample of second year students was used. Descriptive statistics were used to present the results as they give a clear and concise picture of the data. The chi-square test was utilised to see if there were any significant differences between male and female participants in terms of the study propositions and questions. The results suggest that positive psychosocial and psychological needs are intrinsic and are more likely to occur if an individual has ongoing and positive peer friendships, particularly amongst female participants. Generally, significant results indicate that females are more likely to engage in positive peer friendships and behaviours than males. Responses from male participants suggest that they are more likely to engage in maladaptive behaviours and are more likely to be negatively influenced by their peers, in terms of alcohol consumption, than females. However, females may tend to underestimate how much they drink as they are less likely to go out to a bar and are more likely to drink in their rooms or homes with friends than males.

Social distancing has become a new social norm, and with it, digital technology takes a more prominent role in socialization as people try to stay home. People are connecting and interacting with each other using different digital technologies and social media platforms. This study investigates how digital technologies help to maintain long-distance childhood friendships. Specific research questions included determining the most popular forms of digital technology used to maintain long-distance childhood friendships of the male population of Southeast Asia, and how significant are these digitally-based long-distance childhood friendships in people who keep in touch with childhood friends, and do people use any other forms of contact to keep in touch with childhood friends other than digital? An online survey was used, with some open-ended follow-up questions sent by e-mail. Moreover, friends are living in different time zones. The Survey found that all friends using digital technology with an Internet connection. The results indicated that people are busy with family and work, and it can be hard to find the time to keep in touch with childhood friends. However, even people are busy and in different time zones, they still maintain friendships using different forms of digital communication. On the other hand, it is very hard to use other forms of contact to keep in touch with childhood friends other than digital. The study findings may contribute to better design of social media and other platforms which are used to support long-distance relationships of adults with their friends from childhood. / <p></p><p></p><p></p>

Working and unmarried women could have a life which married women had not. Instead of marriage, they built their social and family life on friendship. They lived with each other, payed rent together, discussed domestic issues such as cleaning and household labour. They also talked about love, and passion, and how to find a friend to share their life with. This particular group of unmarried women did not solely arrange friendship out of practical purposes but also of emotional and social bonds. This study focuses on the teacher Maja Beskow in Umeå and her diaries and correspondence with and about her friends from the year 1896 to 1923. What did they say about friendship? What aspects of life could be found within the friendships?

1 Abstract The diploma thesis clarifies the specifics of establishing social relationships ofpeople with mild intellectual disabilities. The aim of the work is to understand the specifics of establishing social relationships for people with mild intellectual disabilities, to understand in depth how people with mild intellectual disabilities perceive the possibilities of gaining and maintaining social ties. The first part summarizes the findings from the study of available literature related to this topic. In the second part, using a qualitative research survey, which used the method of interviewing respondents with mild intellectual disabilities who live in sheltered housing, seeks answers to the questions that were asked at the beginning of the research survey. An e-mail interview with two sexual confidants working in the organization was used to supplement the information obtained from the respondents. Qualitative research was chosen due to the nature of the target group. The results of the work are based on analysis of the mentioned interviews with respondents and they are supplemented by information from the sexual confidants. It was found that the topicality of social relations is of great importance for people with mild intellectual disabilities. Maintaining social relationships or developing them can...

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