This thesis consists of three essays in behavioral finance: One for the Gain, Three for the Loss is a study of loss aversion in portfolio choice. Using historical returns, I find that the pain of a loss must be greater than three times the pleasure of a gain for investors to hold finitely leveraged portfolios. For lower rates of loss aversion, in particular those proposed in the earlier experimental literature, portfolio allocation to risky assets is infinite. All Guts, No Glory: Trading and Diversification among Online Investors explores the cross-sectional portfolio performance of 16,831 investors at an online discount brokerage firm. Investors hold undiversified portfolios, show a strong preference for risk, and trade aggressively. I show that investors with high portfolio turnover underperform their benchmarks. The degree of diversification, a proxy for investor skill, has a separate and distinct positive effect on performance. Equity Mutual Fund Flows and Stock Returns in Sweden uses time series methods to characterize the relation between unexpected flows to equity mutual funds and returns on the Swedish stock market. I find that concurrent unexpected flows and returns are strongly positively correlated. Unexpected flows have a distinct effect on returns even when other risk factors are considered. / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk., 2004

Morningstar ratings are a popular way for investors to compare mutual funds. This thesis focuses on Swedish domestic equity funds. The relation of Morningstar ratings and fund flows was studied. Additionally, the short-term performance predictability using star ratings was investigated. This study found that top rated funds using Morningstar ratings received a higher fraction of positive fund flows compared to top rated funds ranked using past returns, Sharpe ratio, or Carhart's four-factor alpha. This provides some evidence towards Swedish investors using Morningstar ratings over other measures when selecting mutual funds. Additionally, all four measures performed poorly when used to predict one-, three- and twelve-month future fund flows, with no model being able to explain more than 7% of the variance in the data (measured in adjusted R-squared). Finally, the predictive power of Morningstar rating in respect to future outperformance (measured in Carhart's four-factor alpha) was evaluated. While all star ratings were statistically significant predictors, no model managed to explain more than 17% of the data's variance. Thus, Morningstar ratings were not found to be a good predictor of future outperformance. / Morningstar Ratings är ett populärt sätt för investerare att jämföra fonder. Denna uppsats fokuserar på svenska fonder som investerar på den svenska aktiemarknaden. Sambandet mellan Morningstar Ratings och fondflöden studerades. Även förmågan att på kort sikt förutsäga fonders prestation genom att använda deras Morningstar Rating undersöktes. Denna studie fann att topprankade fonder utifrån Morningstars prestationsmått fick en högre andel av positiva inflöden än om fonderna rankades efter tidigare avkastning, Sharpekvot eller Carharts alfa. Detta ger begränsat stöd till att svenska investerare använder Morningstar Ratings över andra prestationsmått vid val av fonder. Dessutom hade alla mått låg förklarande förmåga för framtida fondflöden över en, tre och tolv månader. Ingen modell kunde förklara mer än 7% av variansen i fondflödena (mätt i justerad R2). Till sist utvärderades förmågan att förutsäga framtida (Carharts) alfa genom Morningstar Rating. Trots att Morningstar Ratings kunde anses vara statistiskt viktiga för modellen, lyckades ingen modell förklara mer än 17% av variansen i alfa. Således kunde inte Morningstar Ratings anses vara en bra prediktor för framtida alfa.

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία ερευνά την σχέση μεταξύ των συναλλαγών των μετοχικών αμοιβαίων κεφαλαίων και των χρηματιστηριακών αποδόσεων για την περίπτωση του Ελληνικού Χρηματιστηρίου για την χρονική περίοδο 1994-2002. Με την χρησιμοποίηση ποικίλων οικονομετρικών μεθόδων γίνεται έλεγχος για την ύπαρξη σχέσης συνολοκλήρωσης καθώς και κάποιας βραχυχρόνιας σχέσης μεταξύ αυτών των δύο παραγόντων, ενώ γίνεται προσπάθεια εντοπισμού κάποιας σχέσης αιτιότητας μεταξύ αυτών με βάση τον έλεγχο αιτιότητας του Granger. / This diplomatic thesis investigates the relationship between the trading of mutual funds and stock returns in the case of the Greek Stock Exchange Market, for the period 1994 - 2002. A variety of econometric methods was used to check the existence of a cointegration relationship and a kind of a short-run relationship between these two factors. Finally an attempt was made to identify causal relationships between them using the Granger causality test.

Submitted by Tatiana Branco Belizario Williams (tatibbw@gmail.com) on 2018-08-29T01:49:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Tatiana Williams_final.pdf: 1033978 bytes, checksum: 2512428601f42dba8a0f96891a8b5cf1 (MD5) / Rejected by Joana Martorini (joana.martorini@fgv.br), reason: Tatiana, bom dia. Seu trabalho foi rejeitado, segue abaixo os ajustes que deverá realizar: A palavra "Getulio" não tem acento O titulo do seu trabalho deverá estar em letra maiúscula (completo) Os nomes dos professores deverá estar completos: FERNANDO DANIEL CHAGUE BRUNO CARA GIOVANNETTI RODRIGO DE LOSSO DA SILVEIRA BUENO Após a realização dos ajustes, por gentileza submeter novamente na biblioteca digital. 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No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Tatiana Williams_final.pdf: 1032688 bytes, checksum: 1cccf7842338ac2ac6429e6fe478c87b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-10 / O objetivo do trabalho é investigar o papel dos custos de informação para explicar a dinâmica da captação em fundos multimercado brasileiros, por meio da criação de um modelo que incorpora os dados do Assets under Management (AuM) do gestor e da performance passada, adaptando o estudo feito por Huang, Wei e Yan (2007). O argumento principal estabelece que divulgar os bons resultados obtidos pelos fundos, reduzindo assim os custos de informação associados ao investimento, parece ser fundamental para atrair novos recursos, pois a observação da performance passada é o critério principal de análise do investidor. Neste sentido, o AuM dos gestores foi utilizado como uma proxy da sua capacidade de investir em marketing e esforços de divulgação e distribuição. A hipótese do trabalho é que, para o fundo apresentar uma boa resposta de captação frente à performance observada, existem duas possibilidades: ou o fundo se destaca frente aos concorrentes ou o gestor tem capacidade de investir dar visibilidade ao produto. No caso dos fundos com baixos custos de informação, os investidores podem se interessar pelo investimento, mesmo que a performance passada não seja espetacular. Dessa forma, o fluxo de captação seria mais sensível à níveis medianos de performance. Os resultados foram obtidos utilizando-se uma amostra de 583 fundos, no período de 2004 a 2017 e indicaram que, até um período em que a distribuição de fundos no Brasil era predominantemente feita pelos grandes bancos e instituições financeiras, há evidências de que o AuM do gestor era relevante para influenciar a sensibilidade do fluxo de captação em níveis intermediários de performance. No entanto, quando se considera os dados a partir de 2013, constata-se que o AuM do gestor deixou de ser significativo para influenciar o fluxo de captação. Esse resultado pode ser atribuído ao contexto atual da oferta de fundos no país, marcado pela forte presença de players independentes dos grandes bancos de varejo. / This paper aims to investigate the role of information costs to explain the dynamics of fund flows in Brazilian multimercado investment funds by creating a model that incorporates the Assets under Management (AuM) data and past performance, adapting the study that was done by Huang , Wei and Yan (2007). The main idea is that disclosing the good results obtained by the funds, thus reducing the information costs associated with the investment, seems to be fundamental to attract new resources, since the observation of past performance is the main criterion of investor’s analysis. In this sense, the AuM was used as a proxy for their ability to invest in marketing and advertising efforts. The hypothesis is that, for the fund to present a higher flow sensitivity to the observed performance, there are two possibilities: either the fund stands out from the competitors or the manager has the capacity to invest, providing visibility to the product. In the case of funds with low information costs, investors may be interested in the investment, even if past performance is not spectacular. In this way, the fund flows is more sensitive to medium levels of performance. The results were obtained by using a sample of 583 funds, from 2004 to 2017, pointing that, until a period in which the funds distribution in Brazil was predominantly held by large banks and financial institutions, there is evidence that manager’s AuM was relevant to influence the sensitivity of the fund flows to intermediate levels of performance. However, when considering the data from 2013, it is verified that the manager's AuM is no longer significant to influence the uptake flow. This result can be attributed to the current context of the funds offering in Brazil, characterized by the strong presence of independent players from large retail banks.