The DPS-4D is the latest version of digital ionosonde developed by the UMLCAR (University of Massachusetts in Lowell Center for Atmospheric Research) in 2008. This new ionosonde has advances in both the hardware and software which allows for the promised advanced capabilities. The aim of this thesis was to present results from an experiment undertaken using the Hermanus DPS-4D (34.4°S 19.2°E, South Africa), the first of this version to be installed globally, to answer a science question outside of the normally expected capabilities of an ionosonde. The science question posed focused on the ability of the DPS-4D to provide information on day-time Pc3 pulsations evident in the ionosphere. Day-time Pc3 ULF waves propagating down through the ionosphere cause oscillations in the Doppler shift of High Frequency (HF) radio transmissions that are correlated with the magnetic pulsations recorded on the ground. Evidence is presented which shows that no correlation exists between the ground magnetic pulsation data and DPS-4D ionospheric data. The conclusion was reached that although the DPS-4D is more advanced in its eld of technology than its predecessors it may not be used to observe Pc3 pulsations.

Preface: Sir Benjamin D'Urban only spent four years as Governor of the Cape Colony, yet to many people he is one of the most easily identifiable of all British Governors. The principal reason for this, it seems, is the continuing emphasis placed upon his short-lived settlement of the Colony's troublesome eastern frontier in 1835. The main objectives of this thesis have been to examine some of the most notable analyses of that settlement together with an attempt to remove D'Urban's governorship from the narrow and controversial confines imposed by his frontier policy. I have tried to place his governorship in the wider context of his day, examining the various controls upon him, and his overall role as Governor together with some of his administration's less well known but ultimately equally important aspects. In effect, I have tried to view D'Urban in 'the round '. The thesis makes no pretence at being a complete survey. Several important and possibly contributory aspects to a fuller understanding of D'Urban's Cape interlude - notably his ten years in various executive positions in the West Indies and British Guiana, and his period as commander-in-chief of the British army in Canada - were beyond the reach of anything more than a cursory review. Presumably there are documents relative to this period of D'Urban's life in the Archives in Montreal, Georgetown and London. D'Urban's reputation in South Africa continues to rest upon the short-lived system he established in 1835 and the great promise for future relations between black and white that many authors then and since saw in it, or alternately failed to see in it. With this in mind, and the realisation that 145 years and a succession of Governors, High Commissioners and Prime Ministers have passed since 1835, the following extract from the front page of The Daily Dispatch of 10 May, 1980, is revealing. It was reported that the Ciskei government demanded "all the land between the Kei and Fish Rivers, the Indian Ocean and the Stormberg Mountains to form the territory of an independent Ciskei ." The fundamental questions of to whom the land belongs and of how to establish a just modus vivendi with the Xhosa, which plagued both D'Urban's short administration and the Colonial Office for much of the Nineteenth Century are still with us today. Any analysis of his four year period as Governor of the Cape must necessarily be tempered by this realisation.

Pas de résumé / Doctorat en droit / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

A detailed investigation into the harvesting of the standing grass crop within camps by cattle showed the following: 1. Cattle have a definite order of preference for the components of the Dohne Sourveld grass sward. The most palatable species in order of preference (based on Corrected Species Importance rating) are Themeda triandra, Tristachya hispida, Andropogon appendiculatus, Alloteropsis semialata and Heteropogon contortus. The least preferred species is Elionurus argenteus. 2. The key species, which is defined as the most abundant and productive palatable species, has been identified as Themeda triandra. 3. In harvesting the grass crop, cattle not only have a set preference for species, but also have a set grazing sequence pattern. This can be divided into three main phases. On entering the camp the animals first select the species of their choice, "creaming" these plants (grazed less than 50%) to obtain the most nutritious feed. In their daily search for food they spread their grazing over an increasingly wider area and over a wider range of species. When they can no longer obtain their daily requirements from this "creaming" operation of the more preferred species they return to the most preferred species , which are then heavily grazed (more than 50%) producing the common pattern of area grazing within a camp. These areas increase in size as the cattle graze down the species of their choice, moving to less preferred species as soon as they can no longer obtain their daily intake requirements from the more preferred species. Finally when they have no alternative they graze the least preferred species. 4. Increasing the stocking density does not alter the grazing sequence pattern or change the order of preference for the component species in the sward. It only increases the rate of utilization of the more preferred species and the various phases in the grazing sequence pattern are reached more rapidly. 5. At higher stocking densities the palatable species are more evenly utilized than at lower stocking densities. 6. Cattle graze a greater variety of species when the sward is young and actively growing. As the maturity of the sward increases the cattle concentrate on the more preferred species and are more selective in their grazing. However, their order of preference remains the same. Species that are highly preferred early in the season retain their ranking when the sward is mature. The only exception to this rule is Alloteropsis semialata. Early in the growing season this species is high on the preference list, but as it matures less is taken until when fully mature, it is rejected by cattle. 7. Elionurus argenteus is the least preferred of all the species in the Dohne Sourveld. Cattle will graze this plant as a last resort when grazing a camp early in the season, but reject the plant when it is fully mature. 8. To retain vigour and production of the Dohne Sourveld results of this investigation support the view that grazing management should be based on the principle of controlled selective grazing. Having shown that the more preferred species are over-utilized when attempting to utilize the least preferred species any grazing management that calls for total utilization of all standing vegetation should be rejected. 9. The results of this investigation supports a multicamp system for the Dohne Sourveld where high stocking densities are employed. This will result in the rapid and even utilization of the more preferred species. Management should be based on short period of stay and long period of absence. Cattle should be moved as soon as the key species have been well utilized, but not overgrazed. Cattle should only be returned to the camp when key species have made adequate regrowth following grazing. 10. A method, that is simple to use, is proposed for determining utilization of the veld and key species at different times of the year using the relationship between percentage of ungrazed plants and utilization of the sward and of Themeda triandra, the key grazing species in the sward. 11. Results show that when rested camps are grazed after May, the number of Themeda triandra inflorescences are drastically reduced. Veld that is specifically rested for the production of Themeda triandra seed should be rested from March of the year preceding expected seeding.

The phenology of the three exotic pine bark beetles present in South Africa was determined in the south-western Cape Province. Results from weekly trapping of adult beetles using trap-logs over a period of five years showed that the different species had activity peaks at different times of the year. Hylastes angustatus was the most consistent with 95% of the beetles captured in September and October. The Orthotomicus erosus activity peak was more variable but always occurred in the summer months (October to February) when 84% of the beetles were captured. Hylurgus ligniperda was the most variable, being found in every month of the year, although an autumn peak representing 37% of the beetles occurred in April/May. Activity peaks of each species coincided with distinct climatic conditions. Buried and partially-buried pine logs placed vertically in the soil to simulate roots and stems of seedlings were used to determine the colonisation sites of the three bark beetle species. Ninety-eight percent of O. erosus beetles were found in the protruding parts of the logs while 86% of H. ligniperda beetles were found mainly below soil level. H. angustatus were intermediate, entering the logs at or just below the soil interface but colonising mainly the buried parts in which 64% of the beetles were found. Both H. angustatus and H. ligniperda were able to detect and colonise logs buried horizontally at depths of 400mm, but O. erosus beetles were unable to do so. For adequate protection of seedlings from bark beetles, insecticide should be applied to both stems and roots. The phenology of the indigenous pine needle feeders Oosomus varius (Curculionidae) and Prasoidea sericea (Chrysomelidae) was determined by counting, at weekly intervals, the number of beetles present on 10 young pine trees. The O. varius activity peak occurred in August where 42% of all beetles were active, with 87% of the beetles present in July, August and September. P. sericea also had their activity peak in August when 60% of all beetles were active, but with August and September alone accounting for 87% of the beetles. The occurrence of the activity peaks was consistent each year over the five-year study period. This information facilitates the correct timing of prophylactic insecticide sprays.

The area covered in this survey of the Cape Midlands is roughly that portion of the Eastern Cape Province which looks to Port Elizabeth as its principal industrial and market centre where the density of the population is the closest. It lies generally within the geographical region described by Professor J.V.L. Rennie as the Eastern Province Midlands Area. "The Midlands area appears to include all that part of the Eastern Province lying west of the Great Fish and Tark rivers and at least as far inland as the Great Escarpment. The term (Cape Midlands) is commonly applied to local organisations in the larger inland centres of Graaff-Reinet and Port Elizabeth interests. Intro. p.1-2

[Aims of Dissertation and Investigation, p. ix-x] The aim of this dissertation is to analyse and evaluate the results of the new junior secondary course in respect of the dull-normal child ... How well did the junior secondary course succeed in meeting the needs of the dull-normal child? That is the question which this investigation will attempt to answer.

The purpose of this thesis has been to trace and examine the development of Wesleyan attitudes, and the actions which resulted therefrom towards the task of the evangelisation of the eastern districts of the Cape Colony and "Caffreland". These attitudes were conditioned throughout by the fact that they held certain religious principles as paramount. It is an attempt to clarify what was involved on the ecclesiastical side in this period of Wesleyan and South African history. A considerable amount of attention has been given, by various writers, to the history of the south-eastern area of South Africa in the first half of the nineteenth century. Some works have either been concerned with the more general history of the time or with the position of all the missionaries within the total political sphere. Others have concentrated on the Wesleyans particularly, either in a very general sense or in relation to one particular event, or the later decades or this half century. The period 1823 to 1833 was chosen because it covered the period of the origin of Wesleyan strategy and its first distinct phases. Where after it may be considered to have reached full maturity and become the basis of all future action in the succeeding decades. Wesleyan strategy was, to a large extent, a reaction to government policies and requires, throughout, such a consideration. The Wesleyan Missionary Society was chosen, not because on any denominational affiliations, but because of the part which it played in these areas during that time and has since played in the annuals of eastern Cape history. The approach has been to present the relevant documents in chronological order. This was done to emphasise the development over the years. Chapters have consequently been divided according to the stages or phases of this development. It has meant that subsidiary question which arise from this development have not been dealt with separately, but simply referred to as they occur. One point remains. Wesleyan correspondence from the Eastern Cape between 1837 and 1857 has disappeared from the archives of the Methodist Missionary Society in London. All attempts to trace these letters have proved futile. Consequently, it was necessary to reproduce a couple of quotes from letters contained in this correspondence which is referred to by D. Williams and C. Roxborough who had access to this material.

Att vara förälder i dagens moderna samhälle medför press från delvis samhället men kanske mestadels från sociala medier. Det ställs olika förväntningar på föräldrar och normer kring hur föräldrar ska agera och det finns dessutom olika lagar som styr, som bland annat barnkonventionen och föräldrabalken. Inom socialt arbete så förekommer mycket fokus kring det som inte fungerar hos föräldrar och de avvikande beteenden som finns. Det är likväl omtalat att man som förälder inte behöver vara en perfekt förälder, utan enbart vara tillräcklig. Men hur är man en tillräckligt god förälder som skapar förutsättningar för en god uppväxt och framtid för sitt barn? Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka hur föräldraskap framställs i podcasts och vilka uppfattningar i podcasts som finns gällande hur man är en god förälder som skapar goda förutsättningar för sitt barn, med kopplingar till anknytningsperspektivet och Winnicott’s begrepp Good enough. Resultatet påvisade att det främst handlar om att vilja spendera tid med sina barn, samt att de inte alltid behöver vara roliga saker utan att det är tillräckligt med att involvera barnet i de vardagliga sysslor som finns. Det påvisade även så länge man gör allt i sin makt för sina barn och vill deras bästa, så gör det ingenting om det inte blir helt bra ibland. Föräldrar kommer inte vara helt perfekta, de kommer bli arga på sina barn, men så länge föräldrarna för en dialog med barnet efteråt så går det att reparera. Det handlar med andra ord om att vilja sitt barns bästa, vilja umgås med dem samt finnas till för dem. / Being a parent in todays modern society brings pressure from partly society but perhaps mostly from social media. There are different expectations of parents and norms about how parents should act and there are also different laws that govern, such as the convention on the rights of the child and the code on parents and children. In social work there is a lot of focus around what does not work in parenting and the deviant behaviours that exist. Nevertheless, it is mentioned that as a parent you do not have to be a perfect parent, but only be good enough. But how are you a good enough parent that create good conditions for a good upbringning and future for their child? The purpose of this study was to investigate how parenting is portrayed in podcasts and what perceptions in podcasts that exist about how to be a good parent who create good conditions for their child, with links to attachment theory and Winnicott’s concept of good enough. The results showed that it is mainly about wanting to spend time with their children, and that they do not always have to be fun things but it is enough to involve the child in the everyday chores that exist. It was demonstrated even as long as you do everything in your power for your children and want their best, it does not do anything if it does not turn out completely well sometimes. Parents will not be completely perfect, they will be angry with their children, but as long as the parents have a dialogue with the child afterwards, it is possible to repair. In other words, it is about wanting the best interests of your child, wanting to socialize with them and be there for them.

Bibliography: pages 112-130. / The thesis explores the effects on the wine growing district of Stellenbosch of the transformations in the political economy of the Cape Colony in the late nineteeth century. It is the first in depth study of Stellenbosch District and also contributes to other historical analyses concerned with the impact of industrialisation on rural society. Primary sources used include archival records, newspapers and the annual reports of the district branch of the Standard Bank. Labour legislation passed in the aftermath of slavery was most successful in tying labour to the farms when the labour market was confined to the agrarian sector. The mineral and transport revolutions of the late nineteenth century brought about the first major reformulation of social and economic relations in the Western Cape since emancipation. Between cl878 to 1896 wine farmers were hit by the general recession of the 1880s, by the excise tax on brandy, by phylloxera and by periodic labour shortages. Farmers, especially those capitalising their agricultural production, looked to the Zuid Afrikaansche Boere Beskermings Vereeniging and later the amalgamated Afrikaner Bond to press for state aid to wine farmers. In the late nineteenth century farmers finally experienced the implications of the proletarianisation of the rural underclass. Many labourers left to work in the growing urban sector, on the Public Works or in self employment as market gardeners. Farmers in Stellenbosch, like their peers in other societies confronting the implications of industrialisation, regarded labour mobility as illegitimate. They felt threatened by outbreaks of arson and theft, but also by the labourers' new assertiveness. For a time labour relations on the farms took place in a context where labourers had a measure of leverage against the power of the farmer. By 1910 the farmers' world had been righted and this was no longer the case.