Darbe apžvelgiamas Europos Sąjungos vaidmuo, vystant gerą viešąjį valdymą Lietuvoje. Aptariama gero viešojo valdymo samprata ir kaip jį traktuoja tarptautinės organizacijos. Baltoji knyga dėl Europos valdymo, skaidrumo iniciatyva, konsultacijos su visuomene bei Europos ombudsmenas prisideda prie gero viešojo valdymo skatinimo. Darbe apžvelgiamas Bendrojo vertinimo modelis, kuris yra skirtas visoms Europos viešojo administravimo organizacijoms, norinčioms tobulinti savo veiklą. Šis modelis yra vienas populiariausių kokybės vadybos taikymo priemonių Europoje. Geras viešasis valdymas remiasi orientacija į žmogų. Europos Sąjungoje vyraujančius efektyvumo, skaidrumo, rezultatyvumo, dalyvavimo principus stengiamasi įdiegti Lietuvos viešajame valdyme. Europos Sąjungoje yra išskiriami penki gero viešojo valdymo principai: atvirumas, dalyvavimas, atskaitomybė, veiksmingumas, darnumas. Prie gero viešojo valdymo tobulinimo prisideda Europos Sąjungos gerosios praktikos pavyzdžiai, kurie suteikia naujų žinių, idėjų, kaip galima pagerinti esamą padėtį. Nuoseklus, užtikrintas ir kryptingas darbas viešojo valdymo srityje, padeda siekti geresnių rezultatų, piliečių įtraukimo, naujų metodų diegimo bei problemų sprendimo būdų. Viešojo valdymo institucijos, kurios remiasi skaidrumu, atvirumu, atsakingumu, bendradarbiaudamos su piliečiais, privačiu sektoriumi, nevyriausybinėmis organizacijomis yra pajėgios kurti gerą viešąjį valdymą. Nacionalinis bendradrabiavimas yra svarbus veiksnys, tačiau... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The paper gives an overview of the European Union’s role in the development of good public administration in Lithuania. It discusses the concept of good governance and how it is treated by international organizations. White Paper on European governance, transparency initiative, in consultation with the public and the Ombudsman contributes to the promotion of good governance. The paper gives an overview of the Common Assessment Framework, which is open to all European public administration organizations wishing to improve their performance. This model is one of the most popular application of quality management activities in Europe. Good public governance is based on the orientation of the individual. European Union, the prevailing efficiency, transparency, effectiveness, participation in efforts to implement the principles of Lithuanian public governance. European Union has released five principles of good governance: openness, participation, accountability, efficiency, sustainability. To improve good governance by the European Union best practices that provide new knowledge and ideas on how to improve the situation. Consistent, secure and purposeful work in the field of public administration, contribute to better outcomes, civic involvement, introduction of new methods and solutions. Public administrations, which are based on transparency, openness, accountability, cooperation with citizens, the private sector, non-governmental organizations are able to develop good... [to full text]

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The farm Elandsvlei, situated approximately halfway between the towns Ceres and Calvinia in the Ceres-Karoo, was originally the eighteenth-century pioneer farm Elandsdrift. The farm initially had a number of owners in quick succession, after which Barend Lubbe received it as loan farm. His family grew rapidly and his son Frans eventually received Elandsdrift. Frans' daughter Johanna Adriana married Jacobus Petrus Hough, the son of a poor tailor who came to the Cape as a soldier of the DEIC and became a free burgher some years later. This was the first in a series of marriages between Lubbe women and Hough men and the result was that Elandsdrift, later to become Elandsvlei, became Hough property. Elandsvlei became an important centre for the community of the Ceres-Karoo. Among other things, the farm had a school and even a postal agency. The buildings on pioneer farms during the eighteenth century were generally very simple and primitive due to the circumstances under which the farmers were scraping together a living. A century later the situation has changed and the farmers were becoming more settled. Approximately in the period between 1830 and 1890 a number of interesting buildings were erected on Elandsvlei. Some of these were built with gracious Cape Dutch gables from the outset while others had gables added on at a later stage, so that the farm currently boasts a unique collection of buildings in the Cape Dutch style. The most important buildings were documented as part of this study by means of description, architectural drawings and photographs. Some buildings on the farm have already disappeared completely while others are in various stages of decay, mostly due to the fact that they are not utilised any more. It is essential that measures be taken immediately to save these buildings. Complete restoration is not called for seeing that, especially in the current financial climate, it is a problem to secure the necessary finances. The farm is already running a successful tourism business and it will be possible to incorporate the restored buildings into this business in a meaningful way. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die plaas Elandsvlei, geleë halfpad tussen Ceres en Calvinia in die Ceres-Karoo, het sy ontstaan in die middel van die agtiende eeu gehad as die pioniersplaas Elandsdrift. Na 'n aantal eienaars mekaar redelik vinnig opgevolg het, het Barend Lubbe die plaas as leningsplaas ontvang. Sy familie het snel uitgebrei en sy seun Frans het Elandsdrift ontvang. Frans se dogter Johanna Adriana is getroud met Jacobus Petrus Hough, die seun van 'n arm kleremaker wat as soldaat van die vac na die Kaap gekom het en slegs 'n paar jaar later vryburger geword het. Dit was die eerste van 'n reeks huwelike tussen Lubbe-vroue en Hough-mans, en die uiteinde was dat Elandsdrift, later Elandsvlei, in Hough-besit oorgegaan het. Elandsvlei het mettertyd 'n belangrike gemeenskapsentrum in die Ceres-Karoo geword en daar was selfs 'n skool en posagentskap op die plaas. Die geboue op die pioniersplase gedurende die agtiende eeu was oor die algemeen baie eenvoudig en primitief weens die omstandighede waaronder die pionierboere 'n bestaan moes maak. 'n Eeu later het die situasie egter verander en die boere was al meer gevestig. In die periode tussen ongeveer 1830 en 1890 is daar 'n aantal besondere geboue op Elandsvlei opgerig. Sommige geboue is van meet af aan met sierlike Kaaps-Hollandse gewels gebou terwyl ander later gewels bygekry het, sodat daar tans 'n unieke versameling geboue in die Kaaps-Hollandse styl op die plaas staan. Die belangrikste geboue is deur middel van hierdie studie so volledig moontlik gedokumenteer deur beskrywings, argitekstekeninge en foto's. 'n Aantal van die geboue op die plaas het alreeds vergaan en andere is in verskeie stadia van verval, hoofsaaklik as gevolg van die feit dat dit nie meer benut word nie. Dit is noodsaaklik dat opknappingswerk onmiddellik aangepak word om die geboue te red. Volledige restourasie is nie nodig nie aangesien dit veral in die huidige tydsgewrig problematies is om die nodige fmansies te bekom. Daar bestaan alreeds 'n toerismebedryf op die plaas en dit sal moontlik wees om die opgeknapte geboue sinvol by die bestaande bedryf in te sluit.

A presente dissertação investiga as possíveis consequências jurídicas imputáveis a descumprimentos de deveres anexos de boa-fé ocorridos em negociações coletivas trabalhistas. Para tanto, pesquisa-se a negociação coletiva trabalhista em si mesma, suas origens, os interesses nela envolvidos, suas funções, seus princípios, delineando-a como uma fase negocial análoga ao momento pré-contratual dos contratos em geral. Após, estuda-se o princípio da boa-fé, desde seu berço natural, no Direito comum, especialmente na sua vertente objetiva, que tem papel primordial na limitação do princípio da autonomia negocial, para então analisar-se sua aplicabilidade ao Direito Coletivo do Trabalho, especificamente no tocante as negociações coletivas trabalhistas, com a visualização dos deveres anexos de boa-fé incidentes nas mesmas. Também verificam-se as consequências jurídicas imputáveis aos descumprimentos de deveres anexos de boa-fé na negociação coletiva trabalhista, que parecem exigir, para harmonização do sistema e atingimento da finalidade do próprio instituto negocial coletivo laboral, respostas que, de fato, estimulem, privilegiem e otimizem a negociação coletiva laboral como um direito fundamental, eficaz e democrático-construtivo das relações de trabalho. Em conclusão, questiona-se se essa verificação não seria necessária para um futuro saudável das relações coletivas trabalhistas. / This dissertation investigates the possible legal consequences attributable to the noncompliance with good faith obligations in collective labor bargainings. Therefore, the collective labor bargaining is researched in itself, its origins, the interests involved, its functions, its principles, delinating it as a negotiation phase comparable to the pre-contractual moment of contracts in general. After, the principle of good faith is studied, from its birth in commom Law, especially in its objective strand, which has a primordial role in limitating the principle of negotiation autonomy, for then analyse its applicability to the Collective Labour Law, specifically about collective labor bargainings, with the visualization of its incidents good faith obligations. Also, the legal consequences for the noncompliance of good faith obligations in the collective labor bargaining are verified, which seems to require, to harmonize the system and to reach the purpose of the very institute of the collective labor bargaining, responsaes that, in fact, stimulate, privilege and optimize the collective labor bargaining as a fundamental, effective and democratic-constructive right. In conclusion, it is questioned whether this verification would not be necessary for a healthy future of collective labor relations.

An insurance contract is a contract of utmost good faith. The nature of the insurance bargain makes the duty a commercial necessity. Duties of disclosure and representation, which were two fundamental components of the principle of utmost good faith, operate in different ways in England and China. The insured and insurer in these two countries bears distinctive good faith related obligations pre- and post-contractually. English insurance law exercise considerable influence in most common law countries and some civil law jurisdictions. The separation between utmost good faith and the duty of fair presentation, with the abolition of the avoidance remedy, under the Insurance Act 2015 could influence other jurisdictions to alter their remedies. This thesis examines the application of the civil law notion of good faith and the common law duty of utmost good faith. It covers the operation of insured’s pre-contractual duties of disclosure and representation in both countries. The thesis considers the insurer’s duties as well as the continuing duties and the effect of utmost good faith taking in account the recent legislative changes on fraudulent claims and late payment. The thesis further examines the legal status of brokers and their disclosure duty in China and England. Finally, it also provides special considerations on consumers and micro-businesses.

The Customs Value is the tax base for import taxes, defined in the Valuation Agreement of the WTO as the transaction value, the price actually paid or payable for the goods. However, the price agreed between related companies can be unacceptable, since they could be fixed to take advantage of tax environments where they are. Nonetheless, the relationship is not always a factor in determining the price, which can be tested by a Study of Transfer Pricing (for customs purposes) to develop the comparative method with respect to transactions between two unrelated companies under identical or similar conditions, contained in Andean Community Resolution 1684, providing evidence to apply the following procedures:a) Analysis of the Circumstances of the Sale, or b) Using a Criterion Value. / El Valor en aduanas es la base imponible para los tributos a la importación, definido en el Acuerdo de Valoración de la OMC como el valor de transacción, es decir, el precio realmente pagado o por pagar por las mercancías. Sin embargo, el precio pactado entre empresas vinculadas podría no aceptarse, dado que podrían fijarse de manera que puedan sacar ventajas de los entornos fiscales donde se encuentran. Sin perjuicio de ello, la vinculación no siempre es un factor de determinación del precio, lo cual se puede probar mediante un Estudio de Precios de Transferencia (para efectos aduaneros) que desarrolle el procedimiento comparativo respecto de operaciones entre dos empresas no vinculadas en condiciones iguales o similares, contenido en la Resolución 1684 de la CAN, aportando pruebas que permitan aplicar los siguientes procedimientos: a) Análisis de las Circunstancias de la Venta, o b) Utilización de un Valor Criterio.

From preface: This study of the British settlers of 1820 in South Africa uses one party of emigrants as a unit of historical research. In unfolding their story, it attempts to discover how far the standard assumptions about the 1820 settlement are borne out by the historical facts. No systematic set of hypotheses for investigation was established in advance; instead, the structure of the thesis has been determined by the course of the narrative, and the main issues have emerged spontaneously as it has progressed. Although the chronology has been maintained as far as possible, the narrative itself does not follow an entirely straightforward course. The emigrant party of eighty-four men and their families under the leadership of John Bailie which is the subject of the study was officially subdivided five weeks after landing at Algoa Bay, and the dispersal of its members to the established towns of the colony began even sooner. At the end of the three-year period laid down as a residential qualification by Government, less than a third remained to claim land on the party's location in Albany.

Department of History / M.A. (History)

A presente dissertação investiga as possíveis consequências jurídicas imputáveis a descumprimentos de deveres anexos de boa-fé ocorridos em negociações coletivas trabalhistas. Para tanto, pesquisa-se a negociação coletiva trabalhista em si mesma, suas origens, os interesses nela envolvidos, suas funções, seus princípios, delineando-a como uma fase negocial análoga ao momento pré-contratual dos contratos em geral. Após, estuda-se o princípio da boa-fé, desde seu berço natural, no Direito comum, especialmente na sua vertente objetiva, que tem papel primordial na limitação do princípio da autonomia negocial, para então analisar-se sua aplicabilidade ao Direito Coletivo do Trabalho, especificamente no tocante as negociações coletivas trabalhistas, com a visualização dos deveres anexos de boa-fé incidentes nas mesmas. Também verificam-se as consequências jurídicas imputáveis aos descumprimentos de deveres anexos de boa-fé na negociação coletiva trabalhista, que parecem exigir, para harmonização do sistema e atingimento da finalidade do próprio instituto negocial coletivo laboral, respostas que, de fato, estimulem, privilegiem e otimizem a negociação coletiva laboral como um direito fundamental, eficaz e democrático-construtivo das relações de trabalho. Em conclusão, questiona-se se essa verificação não seria necessária para um futuro saudável das relações coletivas trabalhistas. / This dissertation investigates the possible legal consequences attributable to the noncompliance with good faith obligations in collective labor bargainings. Therefore, the collective labor bargaining is researched in itself, its origins, the interests involved, its functions, its principles, delinating it as a negotiation phase comparable to the pre-contractual moment of contracts in general. After, the principle of good faith is studied, from its birth in commom Law, especially in its objective strand, which has a primordial role in limitating the principle of negotiation autonomy, for then analyse its applicability to the Collective Labour Law, specifically about collective labor bargainings, with the visualization of its incidents good faith obligations. Also, the legal consequences for the noncompliance of good faith obligations in the collective labor bargaining are verified, which seems to require, to harmonize the system and to reach the purpose of the very institute of the collective labor bargaining, responsaes that, in fact, stimulate, privilege and optimize the collective labor bargaining as a fundamental, effective and democratic-constructive right. In conclusion, it is questioned whether this verification would not be necessary for a healthy future of collective labor relations.

End-of-life care (EOLC) has become a significant area of expertise in the intensive care unit (ICU). Critical care nurses are the primary caregivers of patients in the ICU and they provide EOLC for patients and families daily. Nurses have portrayed EOLC as difficult and demanding work; yet, they have also described their experiences of providing EOLC as rewarding, gratifying, and a privilege. The purpose of this study was to explore nurses’ meaningful experiences with providing EOLC for patients and families in the context of the ICU. Van Manen’s approach to interpretive phenomenology was used. Unstructured face-to-face interviews were conducted with six registered nurses who were employed in a medical/surgical tertiary care ICU. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. The essence of nurses’ meaningful experiences in providing EOLC was ‘being able to make a difference’. For the nurses, being able to make a difference reflected their efforts to create a good death for the dying patient and their family. The nurses had to navigate a variety of challenges that affected the creation of a good death, however, they made it work by building relationships quickly with families, taking care of themselves, and recognizing it’s a privilege to provide EOLC. These research findings contribute to an expanding body of knowledge and understanding with regards to nurses’ role with the provision of EOLC in the ICU.

Framställan behandlar i vilken utsträckning den ena avtalspartens brott mot lojalitetsplikten medför att den andra avtalsparten får en, helt eller delvis, inskränkt lojalitetsplikt (lojalitetsreciprocitet). Då lojalitetsreciprocitet utgör en del av lojalitetsplikten är förståelsen för det senare institutet avgörande för att kunna analysera reciprociteten. Därför studeras även lojalitetspliktens innehåll och betydelse. Slutsatserna om reciprocitet grundas i stor utsträckning på avtalstyper där lojalitetsplikten är särskilt långtgående. Det medför slutsatserna störst betydelse vid en mer långtgående lojalitetsplikt. Emellertid gör slutsatserna anspråk på att vara så generella att de grunder och principer som fastställs för bedömningen har betydelse även vid en mindre långtgående lojalitetsplikt. Vidare studeras reciprociteten i förhållande till lojalitetsförpliktelser, vilka inte skiljer sig åt lika mycket mellan olika kontraktstyper. En fråga av stor vikt för lojalitetsreciprocitetens betydelseområde är om det kan anses föreligga en allmän lojalitetsplikt inom hela kontraktsrätten. Slutsatsen i den delen är att det föreligger en allmän lojalitetplikt inom varje kontraktstyp även om den är starkt varierande till sin omfattning. Det medför att lojalitetsreciprocitet får ett stort betydelseområde eftersom det då kan beaktas inom varje kontraktstyp avseende både den allmänna lojalitetsplikten och lojalitetsförpliktelserna. Föremålet för framställan, lojalitetsreciprocitet, analyseras dels utifrån förekommande lojalitetsreciprocitet inom ett antal utvalda kontraktstyper (bl.a. mellanmans-, samarbets- och företagsförsäkringsförhållanden), dels utifrån reciprocitet oberoende av kontraktstyp. Utifrån de reciprocitetsuttryck som finns i materialet fastställs generella ramar och principer för bedömningen av lojalitetsreciprocitet inom lojalitetsplikten i dess helhet. Slutsatserna visar att det finns många gemensamma överväganden och principer för bedömningen av lojalitetsreciprocitet. För det första finns det tre förutsättningar som är nödvändiga för att lojalitetsreciprocitet överhuvudtaget ska kunna föreligga: ett lojalitetsbrott, en ömsesidig lojalitetsplikt och att reciprociteten inte drabbar en tredje avtalspart. För det andra har det identifierats två förhållanden som är av störst vikt för lojalitetsreciprocitet: dels  hur allvarligt lojalitetsbrottet är, dels i vilken omfattning reciprocitet skulle riskera onödig förstöring. Det förra har i sin tur funnits primärt vara beroende av den subjektiva skulden hos parten som begår lojalitetsbrottet, om denne varit i en överordnad ställning och hur långtgående lojalitetsplikten som inte efterlevdes var.För det tredje finns ett antal andra förhållanden som påverkar reciprociteten, bland annat: om skyddshänsyn avseende lojalitetssubjektet gör sig gällande, passivitet hos reciprocitetssubjektet och om annan lojalitetsbrottsverkan inträder. / The essay seeks to determine the extent to which a breach of the obligation of good faith reducesthe corresponding obligation of the other party to the contract (reciprocity). To be able to graspthe meaning and analyze reciprocity it is necessary to understand the institute of good faith.Thus, the text firstly examines good faith in general, followed by an analysis of reciprocity withinthat institute. The paper is based on legal sources typified by strong obligation of good faith.Accordingly, the analysis primarily sheds light on areas where the obligations of good faith arefar-reaching. The general principles of reciprocity, however, are applicable across the board,regardless of how strong the obligations of good faith are. The study evaluates reciprocity inrelation to several types of contracts, but it also interprets reciprocity as a freestanding generalprinciple which is applicable to all contracts. The specific obligations of good faith undoubtedly fall within the scope of reciprocity. Arelated and important question, which needs to be addressed, is whether there is a generalobligation of good faith within all type of contracts. The subsequent answer determines theadditional scope of reciprocity. In this matter the essay concludes that the question should beanswered in the affirmative. There is a general obligation of good faith, but the strength of thatobligation varies considerably depending on the type of contract. The conclusion of the essay is that there are several general principles within reciprocity.Firstly, there are three prerequisites for reciprocity: (i) a breach of the obligation of good faith; (ii)a mutual obligation of good faith between the involved parties; and (iii) the rule that reciprocitycannot affect a third party. Secondly, the paper identifies that the following two questions are the most significantfactors in the assessment of reciprocity: how severe is the breach of good faith and to whichextent does it entail negative economic consequences? An essential aspect of the former question is whether the party responsible for the breachhad ill intent and, if so, the degree and severity of that ill intent. Another important factor iswhether the party responsible for the breach is in a superior position. Three further examples of factors relevant to the assessment are: when a vulnerable partyis responsible for the breach such circumstances can affect the possibility of reciprocity andmitigate the seriousness of the misconduct in question; occasions when the other party has failedto act (passivity); and when the responsible party suffers consequences in addition to reciprocity.