Cette thèse constitue une recherche expérimentale pour évaluer la capacité des outils d’aide à la conception du « Game Design » de jeux vidéo. Elle cherche à dégager les éléments destinés à instrumenter et à améliorer le développement de ces outils.La production des jeux vidéos s’appuie sur de nombreux outils techniques allant des éditeurs graphiques et sonores jusqu’au moteurs de jeux. Mais, en amont, et à l’inverse des praticiens d’autres domaines du design, les concepteurs de jeux (Game designers) utilisent généralement peu d’outils dans leur travail quotidien. Bien que des modèles conceptuels et des outils logiciels aient été développés pour les assister, il manque une étude approfondie sur la pratique de ces outils. En prenant le point de vue d’un « Game Designer », notre étude se base sur une étude de terrain, menée par un participant–observateur, utilisant les outils sur 5 études de cas.Nous analysons dans un premier temps les pratiques du Game Design : les différentes activités impliquées et leur mise en œuvre dans le processus de conception. Nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement aux développe-ments et tendances actuelles.Le Chapitre 3 positionne le Game Design dans le contexte plus général des travaux en cours sur la critique et l’analyse du Design (Design Studies). Nous en concluons que le Game Design se situe plus comme dans le domaine de la conception artisanale (« craft-based ») et que l’utilisation d’outils serait une évolution vers une conception réflexive (« self-conscious »). Cette évolution constitue donc, à notre avis, une rupture par rapport aux pratiques actuelles.Le chapitre 4 retrace l’histoire du développement des outils de Game Design tant du point de vue de la recherche que de l’industrie. Ceci nous permet, au chapitre 5, de donner une définition plus précise et comparative des outils de Game Design.Le chapitre 6 formalise les questions de recherche de cette thèse et la nécessité d’une évaluation basée sur la pratique. Le point de vue méthodologique de notre travail est ensuite développé dans le chapitre 7.Nous présentons ensuite nos observations et analyses d’expériences réali-sées en utilisant une sélection d’outils reposant sur différentes approches. Parmi ces outils citons: « Articy:Draft », « Ludoscope » et « Progression Planning ». Nos critères d’évaluations sont tirés des publications sur le « Design Support » et le « Creativity Support Tool ».Au chapitre 12 nous décrivons et discutons les expériences effectuées avec un outil de design que nous avons développé dans le but d’évaluer et d’étendre l’approche « progression planning ». Nous explicitons les choix de conception de l’outil issus en partie du travail d’analyse mené dans cette thèse.La conclusion résume nos observations et introduit des principes d’amélioration des outils de « Game Design » et propose d’étendre nos travaux sur différents types d’outils et contextes d’utilisation non abordés ici. / This thesis contributes practice-led evaluation research to the question of whether game design tools can effectively support and expand game design practice. It offers insights that can be used to inform future game design tool development.Game designers, unlike most other design practitioners, typically do not use design tools in their work. While conceptual models and software tools have been developed to address this, we lack discussion and critique of how tools work in practice.Taking the point of view of a practitioner, this study of game design tools is based on longitudinal, practice-led evaluation research conducted as a par-ticipant-observer, applying game design tools to 5 contrasting game design case studies.Design tools support game design practice. In Chapter 2 I set out what that practice is today, reviewing the game design process and design activities, and giving particular attention to contemporary trends and directions.Chapter 3 situates game design within the broader context of Design Studies. After reviewing relevant ideas from this literature, I conclude that game design is best characterised as a crafts-based design discipline, and that adoption of design support would mean a shift towards “self-conscious” design. I argue that, within this context, the adoption of tools into current practice would represent a significant and disruptive change to current practice.Chapter 4 traces the history of development of game design tools within the game design and research communities. Chapter 5 goes on to offer a more precise definition of game design tools and presents a comparative review of the tools within this scope.In Chapter 6 I argue for the need bring practice-led evaluation research to this question. Here I set out my research goals and questions, before specifying the particular tools I practiced with for this study. Chapter 7 discusses methods used in relevant research fields and outlines the method used for this project.Chapter 8 introduces the game projects I used as case studies and describes how I worked with each. Chapters 9 and 10 present observations and anal-yses of my experiences using a selection of tools that vary in their approaches. These include (though not exclusively): Articy:Draft (Nevigo GMBH 2011), Machinations (Joris Dormans 2009), Ludoscope (Joris Dormans and Leijnen 2013), and “progression planning” (Butler et al. 2013). Evaluation themes and criteria are drawn from the Design Support and Creativity Support Tool literature. Chapter 11 refocuses attention on the practicalities, addressing the question of how game design tools integrate into the wider context of practice.In Chapter 12 I present and discuss my experiences with my own game de-sign tool, which I prototyped in order to evaluate and extend one of the tool approaches under study. I explain my tool design choices, some of which reflect the knowledge I have acquired through the course of this study.Chapter 13 summarises my conclusions in relation to how design tools might best support game designers, and offers ideas for further practice-led evaluation research related to this question.

Abstract The goal of this project was to create a fantasy style board game prototype that is playable and enjoyable for people new to fantasy tabletop gaming. I assembled a group of 4-5 regular tabletop board game players to play test the game as well as a second group of 4-5 family members and friends to play test who aren't regular board game players. We began with a general base game that evolved with each playtest from feedback given by the playtesters. After about 18-20 play tests, I settled on game mechanics and moved on to creating the assets of the game which include a 21 by 21 inch board, four player character miniatures, four chest miniatures, four tokens, and a basic enemy miniature. The game, became a four player free-for-all with the goal of leaving the dungeon with the dungeon's treasure. After creating the assets using Photoshop and ZBrush, we used 2D and 3D printing to make the assets physical. Afterwards, we had a final playtest where each of our players expressed excitement and enjoyment. While the board game isn’t perfect, I accomplished creating a fun board game prototype that can be pitched to board game creating business or self started with slight refinements. All final Images can be found on my portfolio at https://kurt_creates.artstation.com

We have not been able to find a lot of research that defines and categorises different kinds of inventory systems. This thesis expands on what makes an inventory system what it is and how different active inventory systems differ from each other. There’s a lack of non-generic language both in research and everyday discussions between friends that we aim to alleviate. We adapt and make use of an existing pattern creation method as well as an immersive-participatory method to play and analyse nine games that all make use of inventory systems in very different ways. Through this method we created three game design patterns that describe the differences in limitation and presentation within active inventory systems; allocated inventories, numerical inventories and spatial inventories.

Patients with end-stage renal disease that undergo dialysis treatment, visit a hospital on average 3 times a week. Such involved treatment means the patients lead very sedentary lifestyles. The sedentary lifestyle in turn makes the patient less capable and willing to participate in physical activity, worsening the patient’s overall health-related quality of life. Video games, more specifically exercise-based games, are an existing solution played by many across the world. It offers entertainment and while providing the player a means of exercising. An exercise based game played during treatment may potentially lead to a more active and healthy patient. This thesis explores the design of an exercise-based game for the patients that are required to play, similar to the circumstances the patients that the research project, Cyclescapes is being made for. We will learn the design considerations for making the challenges in an exercise based game for an audience that requires it and how to keep the player engaged and moving with respect to their own personal abilities and fitness levels. We then apply the knowledge in the design and creation of Cyclescapes, providing the patients with end-stage renal disease a safe and entertaining player experience that can challenge their physical fitness and improve their health related quality of life. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

<p dir="ltr">Use of serious games and gamified applications for language learning have increased substantially over the past decade. They are an effective way to supplement language learning. These applications utilize a range of language learning methods such as grammar-translation, audio-lingual and task-based learning in combination. Task-based language learning particularly suits the typical gameplay elements of narratives and quests. Thus, this study aims to develop a serious game for learning Bengali, world’s 7th most spoken language. The literature in this area indicates that hubshaped quest landscape design is found to be most effective for game-based learning environments. So, the study implements a branching, hubshaped narrative for learning Bengali language.</p><p dir="ltr">This application also implemented a hidden object mechanism for vocabulary acquisition instead of traditional grammar-translation methods used in other language learning software. The prototype was assessed from user feedback in a qualitative manner across four broad heuristic categories comprising of learning, tutorials, engagement and cultural elements. In the process, the study sought to understand whether cultural context-based interventions in the narrative improve learner motivation.</p><p dir="ltr">The results show a positive impact of cultural elements on the learners’ motivation to progress. Further, the hidden object mechanism was received as a satisfactory method to learn foreign vocabulary. This form of interactive, narrative based educational application has the potential to supplement traditional lessons for foreign language acquisition.</p>

This study focused on game physics, an area of computer game design where physics is applied in interactive computer software. The purpose of the research was a fresh analysis of game physics in order to prove that its current usage is limited and requires advancement. The investigations presented in this dissertation establish constructive principles to advance game physics design. The main premise was that transdisciplinary approaches provide significant value. The resulting designs reflected combined goals of game developers, artists and physicists and provide novel ways to incorporate physics into games. The applicability and user impact of such new game physics across several target audiences was thoroughly examined. In order to explore the transdisciplinary nature of the premise, valid evidence was gathered using a broad range of theoretical and practical methodologies. The research established a clear definition of game physics within the context of historical, technological, practical, scientific, and artistic considerations. Game analysis, literature reviews and seminal surveys of game players, game developers and scientists were conducted. A heuristic categorization of game types was defined to create an extensive database of computer games and carry out a statistical analysis of game physics usage. Results were then combined to define core principles for the design of unconventional new game physics elements. Software implementations of several elements were developed to examine the practical feasibility of the proposed principles. This research prototype was exposed to practitioners (artists, game developers and scientists) in field studies, documented on video and subsequently analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of the elements on the audiences. The findings from this research demonstrated that standard game physics is a common but limited design element in computer games. It was discovered that the entertainment driven design goals of game developers interfere with the needs of educators and scientists. Game reviews exemplified the exaggerated and incorrect physics present in many commercial computer games. This “pseudo physics” was shown to have potentially undesired effects on game players. Art reviews also indicated that game physics technology remains largely inaccessible to artists. The principal conclusion drawn from this study was that the proposed new game physics advances game design and creates value by expanding the choices available to game developers and designers, enabling artists to create more scientifically robust artworks, and encouraging scientists to consider games as a viable tool for education and research. The practical portion generated tangible evidence that the isolated “silos” of engineering, art and science can be bridged when game physics is designed in a transdisciplinary way. This dissertation recommends that scientific and artistic perspectives should always be considered when game physics is used in computer-based media, because significant value for a broad range of practitioners in succinctly different fields can be achieved. The study has thereby established a state of the art research into game physics, which not only offers other researchers constructive principles for future investigations, but also provides much-needed new material to address the observed discrepancies in game theory and digital media design.

Videogames são um prolífico negócio no dias de hoje, rivalizando diretamente em cifras com indústrias muito mais antigas, como Hollywood. Tamanha aceitação do público é um indicio de que videogames não podem mais ser julgados como meros joguinhos, mas sim um novo meio comunicativo, com sua própria estética e linguagem. Neste trabalho, será explorado brevemente como se caracteriza a linguagem dos videogames, sua evolução em relação a dos jogos e sua atual formatação. Parte essencial da linguagem contemporânea dos jogos digital diz respeito a sua dependência na interação do jogador e, assim sendo, partiremos para o principal estudo deste trabalho: a análise dos elementos de design que mediam esta interação. Observouse a existência de seis elementos mais recorrentes e explica-se, em mais detalhes, quais suas características e seu funcionamento. Estes elementos são: objetivos claros, feedback, nível de dificuldade, interação e sensação de controle, narrativa e estética, e socialização e imagem pessoal. / Videogames are a prolific business nowadays, catching up and even surpassing figures with much more traditional industries, as Hollywood. Such a public renown is a clear evidence that videogames are not to be judged anymore as silly games, but as a new communicative media, equipped with its own aesthetics and language. In this research, there is a brief exploration on videogames language, its evolution and its contemporary format. As an essential part of videogames language is intimately connected to player\'s interaction, the elements behind such interaction are outlined and studied as the main corpus of this research. Six elements marked themselves more recurring on the studied literature and, as so, were analyzed on more details both their composition and functionality. This elements are: clear goals, feedback, difficulty level, interaction and sensation of empowerment, narrative and aesthetics, and socialization and self image.

This thesis describes the process of creating a 3D environment from the initial concept to the final scene. It discusses relevant research into new technology in the field of real-time rendering, including Physically Based Rendering and a synced normals workflow. It examines how the goals of the project changed over time and how the associated challenges were resolved. Conclusions are drawn about what practices were most successful, and how the development process could be improved.

The Story is one of the oldest forms of communication between humans. Various methods have enhanced and updated the Art in a variety of ways since the concept was created. In modern times, a story can exist in multiple mediums because of the variations that humans use today to tell stories. I present an artistic project that will show my development of an original universe, plot, and characters into a storyline introduction for enjoyable purposes. The belief was that these ideas I created could succeed in multiple formats, but I would need to narrow it down and test what I had created. I chose two different mediums, a Written Narrative and a Video Game, as means to tell my story as much as I could within the time frame. By using the opinions of others, I’ll learn if either project can be successful in telling my story and which method offered the best experience with my particular story ideas to share with an individual.

Over the years, gaming has developed rapidly from simple pixel-based experiences to fully blown three-dimensional worlds. As developing technologies improve, so does the complexity and flexibility of what can be created. Encounters, along with all aspects of any gaming experience, have evolved along with the technologies that create them. These intense combat instances, often times referred to as “bosses”, represent a chance for the developer to challenge player skill, cooperation, and coordination. In addition to being major challenges, encounters also allow players to feel a sense of progression as they learn and adapt to mechanics incorporated within an encounter’s design. Eventually these mechanics are mastered, and surmounted to a lasting sense of accomplishment and success. This project details a personal process of encounter design from initial conception to eventual player testing, along with design choices, outside influences, and development methods. These were ultimately utilized in an attempt to create an engaging and successful boss encounter.