Denna kvalitativa studie ämnar undersöka och belysa vilka metoder, strategier ochtillvägagångssätt ett antal independentartister, specifikt svenska rockband, använder sigav för att sprida sin musik, skaffa sig lyssnare och skapa intresse för sitt respektive band.Begreppet independentartist syftar i denna uppsats till artister eller musiker som skriver,producerar, distribuerar och marknadsför sina egna alster oberoende av majorbolag.Tidigare forskning tar avstamp i skivbolagens tidigare monopol inom musikproduktionoch distribution och dels hur streamingtjänsternas lansering på marknaden, i synnerhetSpotify, till synes ändrat spelreglerna inom musikbranschen, åtminstone vid en förstaanblick. Med dessa nya förutsättningar som utgångspunkt och med moderna verktyg somsociala medier i form av exempelvis Facebook och Instagram och dess stora potentialsom promotionverktyg, kretsar studien kring vilka möjligheter det finns förindependentartisten att ta sig fram i den moderna musikbranschen, hur man kan göra sighörd och skaffa lyssnare till sin musik. Det visar sig dock att i musikbranschen iallmänhet, och inom rockmusiken som genre i synnerhet, att gamla hierarkier ochtillvägagångssätt inom branschen fortfarande gäller. Fenomen som gatekeepers, behovetför artister och band att ha rätt kontakter och samarbeta med rätt aktörer ter sig fortfarandelika stort som innan streamingtjänsternas genombrott. Studiens metod utgår fråndjupintervjuer med två respondenter, oberoende av varandra men verkandes underungefär samma premisser och med liknande utgångspunkt. Intervjufrågor har formuleratsfokuserandes på undersökning av drivkrafter och målsättningar, promotionstrategier,användning av sociala medier och samarbeten med mellanhänder och andra utomståendeaktörer.

Thesis advisor: David S. Vanderhooft / To approach the lesser known topic of the temple administration in the post-exilic period (539-333 BCE), we have examined specific passages in the book of Chronicles that create a portrait of the temple administration. This portrait focuses on gatekeepers (1 Chr 9:17-32; 26:1-19); treasurers (1 Chr 9:26-28; 26:20-32); and tax collectors (2 Chr 24:5-11; 34:9-13). The first two sets of texts belong to what this work will call "David's Installation Block" which provides the major framework for the relevant material of the Chronicler, who authored the book of Chronicles around between the fifth and fourth centuries BCE. The third set of texts shares the Chronicler's characteristic redactional traits in common with "David's Installation Block." These three sets of texts communicate the Chronicler's ideal image of the temple administration. The guiding question in the present work is whether these selected passages can be used as a source to reconstruct the temple administration in the post-exilic period. We conclude that the Chronicler's description of the temple administration, especially his incorporation of non-priestly cultic personnel among the Levites, must be considered to comprise an argument for an ideal temple administration. The Chronicler's ideal was grounded in his creative exegetical approaches to Pentateuchal traditions and his responses to the contemporary debate about the legtitimate priesthood among different priestly circles; his ideal is not simply a projection of the administrative reality of his own time. For this purpose, we have expounded on the selected passages through a series of literary analyses. These analyses have enabled us to identify, building on the work of other scholars, the Chronicler's literary methods by which he built his sophisticated arguments. Furthermore, we have compared the Chronicler's presentations of the temple gates, the temple revenue, the temple tax, imperial taxes, and the temple staff with other post-exilic biblical and non-biblical data. This comparative approach successfully shows that the Chronicler's treatments of those topics deviated, to a greater or lesser extent, from his contemporaries, while the Chronicler's work displayed the linguistic and sociocultural peculiarities of Persian era Yehud. Although the book of Chronicles does not provide straightforward data to reconstruct the actual realities of the temple administration in the post-exilic period, the work done in this dissertation illuminates how the Chronicler engaged ancient traditions and contemporary situations to develop his image of the ideal future temple administration. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2011. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Theology.

While scholars and school leaders have investigated the diminishing diversity and quantity of the STEM pipeline, there is little empirical research on the relationship between secondary school leadership and STEM student performance. Using data from the National Center for Educational Statistics’ 2009 High School Longitudinal Study- School Administrator survey, this study analyzed variables contributing to student academic outcomes. The study found a statistically significant positive relationship between school leadership and student achievement. The regression finds that variables such as school locale, public school classification, and principal certification influence student achievement as measured by enrollment in post-secondary learning institutions. / Educational Leadership

Between 1971 and 1999, ParticipACTION, Canada’s Health Promotion agency, reached into Canadian homes, schools, and places of work to “educate, motivate, and mobilize” the public about the perceived need to become physically fit. This dissertation discusses how the agency employed a variety of professional marketing approaches to create compelling prescriptive literature concerning physical fitness to advance a nation-building agenda based in the state directive of individual accountability for the Canadian body. As a result of ParticipACTION's sustained and pervasive influence, Canadians not only remember this prolific brand, but its underlying messaging has become a part of how Canadians view physical fitness and citizenship. ParticipACTION was a project of healthism fostered in an environment of anxiety. The threat of the Cold War, the constructed menace of the Obesity Crisis, and the fear of Quebec Separatism were all used to bolster the message at this semi-public agency over its thirty years of national social marketing. How individual Canadians experienced ParticipACTION varied significantly based on their body type, socio-economic status, gender, language, ethnicity, and region. Through the use of Historical GIS mapping, oral interviews, and archival records, this dissertation offers a history from creation to closure of this national agency and its place in Canada’s social history.

A arbitragem é um instituto previsto no direito brasileiro que consiste num método de solução de conflitos alternativo ao Poder Judiciário. Quando as duas partes concordam, procuram uma instituição especializado para que a controvérsia seja solucionada por meio da decisão de um ou mais árbitros. Desde 1996 com a aprovação da Lei da Arbitragem o laudo arbitral apresenta a validade de uma sentença judicial regular, devendo igualmente ser cumprido. Essa incorporação do instituto no Brasil está inserida no movimento transnacional de reforma dos sistemas de justiça nacionais visando adaptá-los ao mercado em expansão da arbitragem internacional. Inspirado em vários instrumentos internacionais, principalmente na Lei Modelo da Comissão das Nações Unidas para o Comércio Internacional (UNCITRAL), o método também permite a integração do país no esforço mais amplo de harmonização do direito entre os países. O principal objetivo desta tese é, assim, analisar esse processo de transplante da arbitragem ao contexto jurídico brasileiro. Para isso, inicialmente reconstitui o surgimento das mais importantes instituições da arbitragem comercial internacional e, em seguida, investiga a assimilação local deste instituto. Este último processo é analisado à luz da mobilização que resultou na aprovação da legislação em 1996, bem como da abordagem do funcionamento da arbitragem atualmente. O argumento destaca a participação fundamental dos intermediários para o sucesso da operação de mediação entre instâncias globais e locais. O trabalho finaliza com uma reflexão acerca do encaixe estrutural da arbitragem no campo do direito nacional. / Arbitration is an alternative dispute resolution mechanism allowed by the Brazilian law. When both parties agree about it, they search for an specialized institution that will delegate the resolution of the conflict to one or more arbitrators. Passage of Brazils 1996 Arbitration Act recognized the validity of decisions reached by arbitrators. The incorporation of arbitration in the country happens as part of an international movement to reform local justice systems adapting them to the growth of the commercial arbitration market. Brazil\'s law was inspired by various international instruments, including the UNCITRAL (United Nations Commission on International Trade Law) Model Law and can be considered part of a broader effort to homogenize law across countries. The main goal of this dissertation is, thus, to analyze the arbitration transplant to the Brazilian legal context. To do so, it first explores the emergence of the main institutions of international commercial arbitration and then it investigates its local assimilation. This process is analyzed through the mobilization that resulted in the approval of the law in 1996 and also through the exploration of the way by which arbitration operates today. The argument emphasizes the role of the gatekeepers in intermediating the local and the global. This work finishes with a reflection about the structural fitting of arbitration in the local judicial field.

A arbitragem é um instituto previsto no direito brasileiro que consiste num método de solução de conflitos alternativo ao Poder Judiciário. Quando as duas partes concordam, procuram uma instituição especializado para que a controvérsia seja solucionada por meio da decisão de um ou mais árbitros. Desde 1996 com a aprovação da Lei da Arbitragem o laudo arbitral apresenta a validade de uma sentença judicial regular, devendo igualmente ser cumprido. Essa incorporação do instituto no Brasil está inserida no movimento transnacional de reforma dos sistemas de justiça nacionais visando adaptá-los ao mercado em expansão da arbitragem internacional. Inspirado em vários instrumentos internacionais, principalmente na Lei Modelo da Comissão das Nações Unidas para o Comércio Internacional (UNCITRAL), o método também permite a integração do país no esforço mais amplo de harmonização do direito entre os países. O principal objetivo desta tese é, assim, analisar esse processo de transplante da arbitragem ao contexto jurídico brasileiro. Para isso, inicialmente reconstitui o surgimento das mais importantes instituições da arbitragem comercial internacional e, em seguida, investiga a assimilação local deste instituto. Este último processo é analisado à luz da mobilização que resultou na aprovação da legislação em 1996, bem como da abordagem do funcionamento da arbitragem atualmente. O argumento destaca a participação fundamental dos intermediários para o sucesso da operação de mediação entre instâncias globais e locais. O trabalho finaliza com uma reflexão acerca do encaixe estrutural da arbitragem no campo do direito nacional. / Arbitration is an alternative dispute resolution mechanism allowed by the Brazilian law. When both parties agree about it, they search for an specialized institution that will delegate the resolution of the conflict to one or more arbitrators. Passage of Brazils 1996 Arbitration Act recognized the validity of decisions reached by arbitrators. The incorporation of arbitration in the country happens as part of an international movement to reform local justice systems adapting them to the growth of the commercial arbitration market. Brazil\'s law was inspired by various international instruments, including the UNCITRAL (United Nations Commission on International Trade Law) Model Law and can be considered part of a broader effort to homogenize law across countries. The main goal of this dissertation is, thus, to analyze the arbitration transplant to the Brazilian legal context. To do so, it first explores the emergence of the main institutions of international commercial arbitration and then it investigates its local assimilation. This process is analyzed through the mobilization that resulted in the approval of the law in 1996 and also through the exploration of the way by which arbitration operates today. The argument emphasizes the role of the gatekeepers in intermediating the local and the global. This work finishes with a reflection about the structural fitting of arbitration in the local judicial field.

Popular and consumer cultures share a similar trajectory in the United States with spectacle and money being key ingredients in the construction of both. This is most apparent in the sports industry in America with billions of dollars in revenue generated every year. During the first half of the twentieth century sports like baseball and boxing commanded a significant amount of cultural and economic capital. It was not unheard of for sports teams, talented athletes and even a few select coaches to ascend to a legendary or even mythical status. The spectacle and revenue generating capacity of amateur and professional sports was considerable during this time, but it was not until the early 1960s that the true potential for an American sports was constructed. The introduction of television in the development of the National Football Leagues spectacle redefined what sports in the United States means to popular and consumer cultures. The enormity of the National Football Leagues premier annual spectacle, the Super Bowl, is a testament to the sports dominance of American popular and consumer cultures. By analyzing the National Football Leagues formative years during the 1960s and 1970s, it is my intention to demonstrate how the NFL was able to reframe its cultural product, and achieve an unprecedented social and economic status in American culture. I will employ an organization set analysis of cultural industry systems proposed by Paul M. Hirsch in conjunction with Clifford Geertz and Jerome Bruners studies on the cultural power and significance of the narrative form to trace the trajectory of the NFLs social and economic success. Popular fiction will also be included to demonstrate how thoroughly professional football infiltrated popular and consumer cultures and changed how Americans viewed televised sports. American sports have undergone amazing changes over the last century, but it was the National Football League and television that changed what the sports industry means to American culture.

Knowledge is nowadays ever-present and often described as an intangible asset, but in contrast to other assets; the consumption of it does not diminish the quantity left for others (Nonaka and Teece, 2001). Due to the importance of knowledge, the premise of this thesis is to identify, describe and analyze how a cluster can transfer knowledge. The methodology used was based on a single case study with a systematic combining approach. The case study within this thesis is about the cluster of Sustainable Sweden Southeast (SSSE) which contains personal interviews with several actors of the cluster of SSSE. The theoretical framework entails the fundament on which the study is based, including definitions of knowledge, knowledge transfer, the actors and the influence of relationships during the transfer of knowledge. There is an analysis done by linking the theoretical framework to the empirical findings on how SSSE can transfer knowledge within its actors. Additionally, there is a description about the barriers faced during the knowledge transfer and the influence of relationship building within this process. Finally the conclusion should provide the reader with valuable insights according to the knowledge transfer within clusters. It incorporates the relevance of special actors and their influence in the process, as well as the possible barriers that could be faced and the relationship building process within clusters. The thesis ends with recommendations and managerial implications for SSSE.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka internetanvändares medvetenhet och åsikter om filterbubblor på sökmotorn Google. Undersökningens frågeställning är: Vad har internetanvändare för tankar och förhållningssätt till filterbubblor som skapas på Google? Studien är avgränsad till studenter vid Uppsala Universitet. Det är en population som kan förmodas vara storkonsumenter av information via sökmotorer. En stor majoritet av respondenterna menade också att Google var ett viktigt hjälpmedel i studier och vardag. För genomförandet av undersökningen användes en kvalitativ metod med fokusgrupper. 17 respondenter i fyra grupper fick diskutera medvetenhet, åsikter och uppfattningar om filterbubblor och informationsinhämtning som sker via Google. Som teoretisk vägledning användes sex olika samhällsvetenskapliga teorier mot vilka det empiriska materialet prövades. Resultatet från undersökningen visar att en majoritet av respondenterna inte var medvetna om den filtrering av informationen som sker på Google och därmed skapar filterbubblor. När respondenterna vid intervjuerna blev informerade om filterbubblor och dess effekter framkom olika uppfattningar och åsikter. Många respondenter uttryckte oro för effekterna av avskärmningen från information och utbyte med andra användare som bubblorna medför. Andra respondenter ansåg att så länge det inte medförde några negativa effekter i användandet av söktjänsten var det inget problem. Avskärmningen som filterbubblor skapar kan begränsa internetanvändares exponering för ”ny” information. Detta kan innebära en risk att människors tillgång till fri och icke styrd information manipuleras av kommersiella intressen. Detta lyfts fram i studiens analys med en teoretisk anknytning till Habermas inflytelserika arbeten om den publika sfären. Ett problem i det sammanhanget, som lyfts fram i forskning, är att filterbubblor kan komma att motsäga fundamentala demokratiska informationsprinciper. Resultatet visar därmed att filterbubblor fungerar som en slags grindvakt för internetanvändarens tillgång till information på Google. Med andra ord har en förändring skett där de “nya” nätbaserade grindvakterna saknar den mänskliga faktor som traditionella mediers grindvakter hade och som styrdes av transparanta värderingar. Respondenterna menade slutligen att Google bör vara mer transparant om problematiken med filterbubblor för att stärka sitt förtroende bland användarna.

Submitted by Aline Jacob (alinesjacob@hotmail.com) on 2010-02-01T14:26:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_IrleneSoaresSilva.pdf: 998661 bytes, checksum: a63020003e8e9d4a9a6451a70572ef32 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Joanita Pereira(joanita) on 2010-02-01T17:30:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_IrleneSoaresSilva.pdf: 998661 bytes, checksum: a63020003e8e9d4a9a6451a70572ef32 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-02-01T17:30:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_IrleneSoaresSilva.pdf: 998661 bytes, checksum: a63020003e8e9d4a9a6451a70572ef32 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Na era da informação as organizações, para serem bem-sucedidas, precisam reconhecer a necessidade de contínua geração de conhecimentos, o que se dá por meio de pessoas bem treinadas, que se organizam em redes e com capacidade de se auto-gerir. Essa lógica de é redes necessária para lidar, com flexibilidade, com questões inesperadas, que são a força motriz da inovação. Os recursos imateriais ou intangíveis - capital social - presentes nas redes sociais, envolvem um complexo de interações sociais que catalisam os processos de inovação e difusão da informação. Além disso, em função da racionalização, da globalização e do surgimento do trabalho intensivo em conhecimento, as redes sociais tornaram-se características marcantes das organizações, que podem ser vistas como constituídas por "redes invisíveis", em que os gatekeepers desempenham papel de destaque no processamento humano da informação e nos fluxos de informação organizacionais. Esses gatekeepers são pessoas que se destacam como facilitadoras do fluxo de informação e disseminação de conhecimentos nas organizações, por terem habilidades de obter informações tanto dentro como fora da organização, competência técnica e atitude voluntária na disseminação de conhecimentos. Este estudo busca compreender o papel dessas pessoas no desempenho da diretoria de controladoria de uma organização bancária, identificar os fatores que limitam a comunicação e sugerir ações que possam aproveitar o potencial dessas pessoas. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / In the information era the organizations, to be well-succeed, need to recognize the necessity of continuous knowledge creation, what is possible by well trained people, whom are capable to organize and to manage themselves. This network logic is necessary to deal, with flexibility, with unexpected questions, that are the motor force of the innovation. The immaterial or intangible resources – social capital - present in the social networks, involve a complex of social interactions that catalyze the processes of innovation and diffusion of the information. Moreover, in function of the rationalization, the globalization and the sprouting of the intensive work in knowledge, social networks had become strong characteristic of the organizations, that can be seen as "invisible networks", where gatekeepers play important role in the human processing of information and in the flows of organizational information. These gatekeepers are people who provides the information flow and the dissemination of knowledge in the organizations, for having abilities to get information in such a way inside and outside if the organization, technical ability and voluntary attitude in the dissemination of knowledge. This study aims to understand the role of these people in the performance of the controllership in a banking organization, to identify the factors that limit the communication and to suggest actions that can utilize the potential of these people.