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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

LGBT+ rights and the gender gap : A comparative study of LGBT+ anti-discrimination legislation in the United States

Herlitz Gunnarsson, Rebecka January 2021 (has links)
This thesis seeks to examine if there is a connection between female representation among U.S. legislators at state level and support of legislation protecting LGBT+ people from discrimination in terms of adoption and foster care. Using the theories of substantive and descriptive representation, three hypotheses regarding female representation and partisanship were tested. In the analysis, it became clear that there is a positive significant correlation between female legislators and voting in favour of anti-discrimination legislation in terms of LGBT+ rights. In addition to this, the study found that partisanship also has a significant effect of the voting outcome, in fact one that is even greater than the effect of gender.
52

La mirada femenina y el aporte al cine peruano en base a las experiencias y vivencias de Rosario García-Montero y Melina León / The female gaze and the contribution to Peruvian cinema based on the experiences of Rosario García-Montero and Melina León

Mosca Flores, Franchesca Estela 08 September 2021 (has links)
El siguiente trabajo de investigación consiste en analizar la mirada femenina detrás de dos grandes directoras peruanas, para conocer así la experiencia de vida de estas dos directoras junto a diferentes situaciones que hayan experimentado, que cosas han afrontado, qué lecciones y aprendizaje podemos rescatar en ellas. La raíz de la presente investigación, surge porque los aportes que se realizan, en nuestro país, por parte de mujeres, han demostrado, con el pasar de los años, tener una calidad extraordinaria. Sin embargo, cabe mencionar que ser mujer y hacer cine, en un país como el nuestro, no es nada fácil. La industria cinematográfica ha sido tradicionalmente de hombres y aún existen muchos prejuicios y subestimaciones. Por ende, se quiere dar a comprender la capacidad, el aporte y el mérito que posee una directora peruana diferenciándose del director peruano. Dicho lo anterior, el objetivo principal de la siguiente investigación es determinar cómo se plasma dentro de la industria cinematográfica peruana el enfoque femenino por parte de las directoras Rosario García-Montero y Melina León. La metodología empleada fue cualitativa, pues se da a comprender casos puntuales. De igual manera, para realizar los objetivos de investigación, se realizaron entrevistas a ambas directoras peruanas. / The following research work consists of analyzing the female gaze behind two great Peruvian directors, to know the life experience of these two directors together with different situations they have experienced, what things they have faced, what lessons and learning we can rescue in them. The root of this research arises because the contributions made in our country by women have shown, over the years, to have an extraordinary quality. However, it should be mentioned that being a woman and making movies, in a country like ours, is not easy at all. The film industry has traditionally been male and there are still many prejudices and underestimates. Therefore, we want to understand the capacity, contribution, and merit that a Peruvian director has, differentiating herself from the Peruvian director. Having said the above, the main objective of the following research is to determine how the female approach is reflected within the Peruvian film industry by the directors Rosario García-Montero and Melina León. The methodology used was qualitative since it is given to understand specific cases. Similarly, to carry out the research objectives, interviews were conducted with both Peruvian directors. / Trabajo de investigación
53

Beating the Odds: Perseverance and Its Influence on Male Students’ Perceptions in Overcoming Generational Poverty

Bailey, Grady C, Jr 01 December 2020 (has links)
This phenomenological study examined the perceived influences that male graduates from Title I high schools attribute to their success. During the last 30 years the poverty gap has not narrowed and in some cases it has increased. This study hoped to provide evidence of supports needed by looking at males who overcame generational poverty. This study included qualitative data collection from interviews of 15 male participants. Nine themes emerged in the findings of perceived influences by these participants. The nine themes identified where 1) Success has two components; internal and external, 2) School personnel and programs guided success, 3) Change in mindset, 4) Changes in family structure and circumstances, 5) Lack of family financial resources, 6) Parents prioritizing success in school, 7) Being part of an athletic team/peer group, 8) Lack of experience affected college success and understanding, and 9) Credit difficulties from childhood for their success. The analysis of data collected supported the developed themes. Recommendations were made for further study and practice.
54

Brechas de género en la producción audiovisual cinematográfica peruana / Gender gaps in Peruvian film audiovisual production

Eyzaguirre Flores, Sol María 14 July 2021 (has links)
Solicitud de embargo por publicación en revista indexada. / La investigación analiza las brechas de género en la producción audiovisual cinematográfica peruana y sus efectos a nivel profesional, social, económico y emocional en un grupo de mujeres productoras con cinco años a más de experiencia en la cinematografía peruana. Mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, se analizan las experiencias obtenidas en sus trayectorias y, de esta manera, se identifica cómo perciben y afrontan las brechas de género en su cotidianidad. Como resultado, se advierte la existencia de brechas de género en el rol de la producción y el ámbito cinematográfico, en donde se estarían encasillando labores asignadas al sexo femenino y masculino por una réplica de sesgos sociales. Se detecta que la producción cinematográfica peruana no sería ajena a las desigualdades, implicando un desequilibrio en el desarrollo y posibilidad de exploración de los profesionales. La presente investigación permite analizar un nuevo rubro laboral, evidenciando la existencia de las brechas de género y sus consecuencias en un ámbito que se encuentra en apogeo, en donde se puede revertir el desequilibrio generando nuevas oportunidades para las mujeres. / This investigation analyzes the gender gaps in Peruvian cinematographic audiovisual production and its effects on a professional, social, economic and emotional level in a group of women producers with five years of experience in the Peruvian cinematography field. Through semi-structured interviews, the experiences obtained in their careers are analyzed and, in this way, it is identified how they perceive and deal with gender gaps in their daily lives. As a result, it is pointed out that there are gender gaps in the role of production and in the cinematographic field, where jobs assigned to the female and male genders would be assigned due to a replica of social biases. It is detected that Peruvian film production could not be immune to inequalities, implying an imbalance in the development and possibility of exploration of professionals. This research allows us to analyze a new labor category, showing the existence of gender gaps and their consequences in an area that is at its peak, where the imbalance can be reversed, generating new opportunities for women. / Tesis
55

Essays on institutions in the process of development / Essais sur les institutions dans le processus de développement

Konte, Maty 06 December 2012 (has links)
Cette thèse se compose de trois essais sur le rôle des institutions dans le processus de développement. Le chapitre 2 examine dans quelle mesure l'existence de régimes multiples est associée à la qualité des institutions d'un pays, et analyse la différence de rôle joué par les institutions politiques et économiques dans le processus de croissance. Les résultats indiquent que les institutions économiques sont les causes immédiates et ont un impact direct sur le taux de croissance. Les institutions politiques sont les causes profondes, et sont donc les éléments qui déterminent dans quel régime de croissance se trouve un pays.Le chapitre 3 réétudie la problématique de la malédiction des ressources naturelles. Il teste l'hypothèse que l'effet de l'abondance en ressources naturelles sur le taux de croissance dépend du régime de croissance dans lequel le pays est inclus. Les résultats montrent un régime de bénédiction où les ressources naturelles favorisent la croissance et un régime de malédiction où les ressources naturelles ne stimulent pas la croissance. En outre plus de démocratie augmente la probabilité pour qu'un pays donné appartienne au premier régime. Le chapitre 4 teste si les différences de priorités politiques entre les hommes et les femmes, ou si les caractéristiques à l'échelle du pays telles que la qualité des institutions expliquent l'écart au soutien à la démocratie entre ces deux groupes d'individus. L'étude a montré que le contexte institutionnel du pays dans lequel les femmes vivent joue un rôle primordial. / This dissertation consists of three essays on institutions in the process of development. Chapter 2 considers to what extent the existence of multiple regimes is associated to the quality of institutions in a country, and analyses the difference of the role played by political and economic institutions in the growth process. The results indicate that economic institutions are proximate causes and have a direct impact on the growth rate. On the other hand political institutions are deep causes, and thus are the key determinant for which growth regime a country belongs to. In chapter 3, I re-examine the question of the resource curse. I test to which extent the impact of natural resources on the growth rate depends truly on the growth regime to which a country belongs. I find two different growth regimes. One is a resource-blessed regime in which natural resources increase signicantly the growth rate. The second one is a resource-cursed regime in which natural resources do not stimulate the growth rate. The analysis of the determinants of whether a country belongs or not to the blessed resource regime indicates that high level of democracy increases the probability for a given country to belong to this regime. Chapter 4 tries to understand and to provide potential explanations to why women are less supportive of democracy than men in Sub-sahara Africa. We test whether this gap is due to individual differences in policy priorities or to country-wide characteristics. The results support that in Sub-sahara Africa the gender gap in support for democracy disappears in countries with high level of the Human Development Indicator and of political rights.
56

Differences in unemployment between males and females in France / Différences de niveau de chômage entre les hommes et les femmes en France

Niang, Mouhamadou Moustapha 09 December 2014 (has links)
Cette thèse propose une analyse novatrice des différences de niveau de chômage entre les hommes et les femmes, en tenant compte, en plus du taux, d'autres dimensions importantes de la question qui ont des répercussions en matière de bien-être pour les individus et la société dans laquelle ils vivent. Elle se compose de trois chapitres contributifs.Le chapitre II propose une extension de la mesure des différences de niveaux chômage entre les hommes et les femmes sur la base de l'indice de Shorrocks. Cet indice prend en compte, en plus du taux de chômage, de la durée moyenne et de l'inégalité dans la distribution des durées de chômage. Le chapitre III part des résultats du chapitre II et propose une analyse purement empirique de l'écart entre les sexes dans le chômage en France. Il examine en outre les différences entre les sexes dans le taux de chômage, la durée moyenne de chômage et la distribution des durées de chômage. Le chapitre fournit également une analyse de la réduction des écarts entre sexes dans le chômage, ainsi qu'une analyse comparative de trois différentes méthodes de décomposition: Yun, Taylor décomposition et Oaxaca. Le chapitre IV présente une analyse de la différence entre les sexes dans le nombre d'épisodes de chômage (vulnérabilité face au chômage) et la distribution de ces épisodes dans la force de travail (répartition inégale de la perte de bien-être engendrée par le chômage). L'importance de la question réside dans le fait que le chômage répétitif peut causer un travail moins bien rémunéré et des emplois précaires et donc conduire à la pauvreté et à l'exclusion sociale. / The thesis provides a novel analysis of the differences in unemployment between males and females, taking into account, in addition to the rate, other important aspects of unemployment that have welfare implications for both individuals and the society where they live. It consists of three contributive chapters.Chapter 2 proposes a measurement of the differences in unemployment between males and females based on an index by Shorrocks. The latter is estimated by quarter for France during the period 2003:1 to 2008:3 using three different methods: synthetic cohort method, Salant's method and a method using directly the interrupted durations. The first method uses the interrupted durations to obtain an estimate of the distribution of completed durations while the Salant method do the same but assume that the labour market is in a steady state. Chapter 3 builds from Chapter 2's results and proposes a purely empirical analysis of the gender gap in unemployment in France. It examines in addition to the gender differences in the unemployment rate, the gender differences in mean duration and distribution of durations. The chapter also provides a comparative analysis of different methods of regression-based decomposition. It finishes with an analysis of the reduction of the gender gap in unemployment in France between 2003 and 2008 Chapter 4 provides an analysis of the gender difference in the number of unemployment spells and the distribution of these spells across the labour force. The importance of the matter relates to the fact that a repetitive unemployment may cause lower paid work and unstable jobs and therefore lead to poverty and social exclusion.
57

Männerparteien? Le gender gap dans le vote d’extrême droite

Marlier, Jeanne 04 1900 (has links)
Dans la plupart des pays, les hommes sont plus enclins que les femmes à voter pour des partis d’extrême droite. Ce mémoire contribue à notre compréhension de ce gender gap en analysant le vote pour l’extrême droite lors des dernières élections européennes dans 22 pays, en utilisant les données l’European Election Voter Study (2019). Dans un premier temps, nous adoptons une approche exploratoire en analysant dans quelle mesure les indicateurs socio-économiques et les positions idéologiques contribuent à expliquer cet écart. Nous nous concentrons ensuite sur les facteurs contextuels en testant deux explications tirées de la littérature. En nous appuyant sur une collecte de données originale, nous cherchons d'abord à évaluer si une plus grande représentation des femmes parmi les élus d’extrême droite entraine davantage de femmes à voter pour ces partis. Nous cherchons ensuite à vérifier si les femmes sont plus portées à voter pour des partis d’extrême droite moins extrême, en utilisant les données du Chapel Hill Expert Survey (2019). Les résultats montrent que 38% du gender gap dans le vote d'extrême droite est expliqué par les différences entre les positions des hommes et des femmes dans l’opinion publique, tandis que les indicateurs socio-économiques ont une contribution négligeable. Nous montrons également que l'effet positif du positionnement idéologique sur l'échelle gauche-droite sur le vote d’extrême droite est plus faible pour les femmes. De plus, le fait d'être en faveur de l'intervention de l'État dans l'économie motive le vote d’extrême droite uniquement chez les femmes. Sur le plan contextuel, nous montrons que plus la position des partis d’extrême droite est extrême en ce qui concerne l'intervention de l'État dans l'économie, plus le gender gap augmente. / In most countries, men are more likely to vote for radical right parties than women. This thesis contributes to our understanding of this – yet to be explained – gender gap. For doing so, I look at the radical right votes in the last European elections in 22 countries, using data from the European Election Voter Study (2019). In a first step, I take an exploratory approach and systematically analyze whether and to what extent socio-economic indicators and issue positions contribute to this gender gap. I then focus on contextual factors by testing two explanations drawn from the literature. Relying on original data, I first assess whether a greater representation of women among radical right elected officials motivates more women to vote for these parties. I then test whether women are more drawn to less extreme radical right parties, using data from the Chapel Hill Expert Survey (2019). The results suggest that 38% of the gender gap in voting for radical right parties is explained by differences in men’s and women’s issue positions while the contribution of socio-economic indicators is negligible. I also show that the positive effect of ideological placement on the left-right scale on radical right voting is weaker for women. Furthermore, being in favour of state intervention in the economy motivates radical right voting only for women. On the contextual level, I find that the more extreme the stance of radical right parties is regarding state intervention in the economy, the greater the gap becomes.
58

Selection Issues in the Analysis of Wages and in the Analysis of Electoral Outcomes

de Lazzer, Jakob 25 October 2019 (has links)
Diese Dissertation umfasst vier Aufsätze welche die Effekte von nicht-zufälliger Selektion betrachten. Im ersten Aufsatz wird analysiert welche Rolle die geänderte Zusammensetzung der Erwerbsbevölkerung für die Entwicklung der Lohnungleichheit spielt. Vollzeit-Erwerbstätige weisen zunehmend Episoden von Teilzeitarbeit und Erwerbsunterbrechungen in ihren Biographien auf. Dies hat maßgeblich zum Anstieg der Lohnungleichheit beigetragen. Der zweite Aufsatz betrachtet die Effekte von gesunkener Arbeitslosigkeit auf Lohnungleichheit.. Wenn sich die Selektion in Vollzeit oder Arbeitslosigkeit ändert, kann dies zu steigender Lohnungleichheit führen. Dies ist insbesondere dann der Fall wenn Personen neu in Beschäftigung kommen, die eine Negativauswahl der Erwerbsbevölkerung sind. Jedoch zeigt sich, als Resultat einer Analyse mit selektionskorrigierten Quantilsregressionen, dass diese veränderte Selektion nicht zum Anstieg der Lohnungleichheit beigetragen hat. Im dritten Aufsatz geht es um nicht-monotone Selektion bei Regression Discontinuity Designs (RDD). Die Annahmen, auf welchen RDDs beruhen, können verletzt sein wenn sich sowohl Individuen in die Maßnahmengruppe hinein, als auch aus ihr heraus selektieren. Der Aufsatz beschreibt diesen Selektionsmechanismus und zeigt seine praktische Relevanz. Zudem wird ein Spezifikationstest vorgestellt um das Problem im Vorfeld der Analyse zu erkennen. Der vierte Aufsatz untersucht Wählerpräferenzen für das Geschlecht politischer Kandidaten. Es wird analysiert ob das Zusammenspiel von Berufsinformationen und Geschlecht die geringere Repräsentation von Frauen erklären kann. Dazu wurde ein Feldexperiment durchgeführt. Es zeigt sich dass weibliche Kandidaten einen Stimmvorteil genießen solange keine Berufsinformationen angegeben sind. Sobald jedoch die Berufe der Kandidaten bekannt sind kehrt sich dies in einen Stimmvorteil für männliche Kandidaten um. / This thesis comprises four essays which study effects of non-random selection. The first essay analyzes the role of changes in labor force composition for the development of wage inequality among full-time workers. Of particular interest are the effects of increasingly common episodes of temporary part-time work and nonemployment among full-time workers. Such episodes, have contributed substantially to the rise in wage inequality. The second essay studies the effects of declining unemployment on inequality of wages. Changing selection over time between unemployment and full-time work could lead to increasingly diverse wages, particularly if sinking unemployment implies an influx of negatively selected workers into employment. However, results from a selection corrected quantile regression approach show that changing selection with respect to unobservables is not a contributor to the rise in wage inequality. The third essay studies non-monotonic selection in regression discontinuity designs (RDD). When similar numbers of individual select into and out of treatment simultaneously, the identifying assumption of the RDD can be violated. The essay describes the selection mechanisms and demonstrates it’s practical relevance. It then suggests an enhancement to the standard specification tests for RDDs, which can detect non-monotonic sorting in advance. The fourth essay studies voter’s valuation of candidate gender. It examines whether the presence of profession information coupled with voter preferences for stereotypical male occupations may explain part of the gender gap in parliaments. The analysis is conducted as a field experiment built into an exit-poll of voters in Germany in 2014. The results show a vote share bonus for women in the absence of profession information. Once voters know the profession of candidates, however, this changes towards a small edge for male candidates.
59

The Swedish Wikipedia Gender Gap

Helgeson, Björn January 2015 (has links)
The proportion of women editors on the English language Wikipedia has for years been known to be very low. The purpose of this thesis is to see if this gender gap exists on the Swedish language Wikipedia as well, and investigate the reasons behind it. To do this, three methods are used. Firstly a literature review is conducted, looking at women in computing and how Wikipedia works and how it was founded. Secondly, user behavior and activity-levels are measured through means of a database analysis of editors and edits. And thirdly, a survey is distributed, aimed at both readers and editors of Swedish Wikipedia, gathering some 2700 respondents. The results indicate that there is indeed a big disproportion, and that only between 13-19% of editors are women. The findings did not indicate readers of the encyclopedia having any strong negative preconceptions about Wikipedia or its community. However when looking at reasons for not contributing, women were significantly more likely to perceive themselves as not competent enough to edit. Computer skills were found to be an important factor for trying out editing in the first place, and Wikipedia’s connection to a male-dominated computing/programming culture is put forth as a reason for the resilience of the gender gap. The difference in men’s and women’s communication styles in relation to the climate Wikipedia’s policies and guidelines is also discussed. / Andelen kvinnor som redigerar engelskspråkiga Wikipedia har visats vara väldigt låg. Syftet med detta arbetet är att undersöka om andelen ser likadan ut på den Svenskspråkiga siten också, samt undersöka de bakomliggande orsakerna. För att göra detta används tre metoder. Först görs en literaturstudie som behandlar kvinnor inom programmering och hur Wikipedia fungerar och dess grundande. Därefter mäts användarbeteende och aktivitetsnivåer genom en databasanalys på redigerare och redigeringar. slutligen distribuerades en webb-enkät riktad till både läsare och redigerare av svenskspråkiga Wikipedia, med runt 2700 svaranden. Resultaten visar att det finns en stor snedfördelning och att endast mellan 13-19% av redigerare är kvinnor. Resultaten påvisar inte några särskilda negativa uppfattningar hos läsare om Wikipedia eller dess gemenskap. Däremot uppgav kvinnor i signifikant högre utsträckning att en viktig anledning till att de inte bidrog till encyklopedin var att de inte upplevde sig tillräckligt kompetenta. Datorvana fanns vara en viktig faktor till att testa på att redigera första gången, och Wikipedias koppling till en mans-dominerad programmeringskultur diskuteras som en faktor till den låga andelen kvinnor. Wikipedias policies och riktlinjer och dess sammankoppling med skillnader i män och kvinnors kommunikationsstilar på internet diskuteras även.
60

The Gender Gap and Generational Differences in Ohio's Political Bellwether

Aaron, Evelyn E. January 2021 (has links)
No description available.

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