L’objectif de cette recherche est d’analyser l’impact des processus éducatifs sous-jacents à l’élaboration du rapport au savoir chez des garçons et des filles tunisiens scolarisés en première année de l’école primaire. Nous centrons notre étude sur l’analyse des processus psychologiques selon les dimensions impliquées dans la construction identitaire et sociale du sujet. En accord avec notre approche interactionniste sociale qui privilégie l’étude de l’interstructuration entre l’individu et ses milieux de vie, nous avons mené des entretiens auprès de 16 enfants et des trois dyades : parents-enfants, élèves-enseignants et parents-enseignants. Notre approche qualitative repose sur une démarche d’analyse inductive basée essentiellement sur l’étude de cas singuliers de garçons et de filles selon des styles éducatifs prototypiques. Les résultats révèlent que les enfants élaborent des formes hétérogènes de rapport au savoir dès le début de l’entrée à l’école. Nos analyses permettent d’établir l’existence d’une concordance entre les styles éducatifs parentaux et les figures du rapport au savoir élaborées par les jeunes enfants-élèves. Il s’avère que si l’influence du milieu familial est déterminante, elle n’est pas exclusive si nous considérons d’une part, l’action dialectique des diverses milieux de vie et d’autre part, l’activité de réappropriation singulière du sujet comme acteur de son propre développement. De ce point de vue, les interactions avec l’enseignant peuvent donner du sens aux activités scolaires, enrichir l’expérience scolaire et susciter le rapport au savoir des élèves. / This research aims to analyse the impact of educational processes underlying the elaboration of the relationship to knowledge among Tunisian boys and girls in the first year of primary school. We focus our study on the analysis of psychological processes according to the dimensions involved in the identity and social building of the subject. In line with our social interactionism theory, which favours the study of the interstructuration between the individual and his environment, we have carried interviews among 16 children and the three dyads : parents-children, students-teachers and parents-teachers. Our qualitative approach is based on an inductive analysis mainly focused on the study of singular cases of boys and girls according to prototypical educational styles. Results show that children elaborate heterogeneous forms of relationship to knowledge as soon as they enter school. Our analyses allow us to establish the existence of coherence between parental educational style and the figures in the relationship to knowledge, as elaborated by the young children-students. It appears that while the influence from family environment is crucial, it is not exclusive if we consider the dialectic action of various environments on the one hand, and the singular domestication activity of the subject as a self-developing actor, on the other hand. From this point of view, interactions with teachers may be meaningful to school activities, enrich the school experience and encourage students' relationship to knowledge.

The diploma thesis deals with representations of femininity and masculinity in Sluníčko magazine. These representations are examined through analysis of men, women, boys, girls and animal characters. The theoretical part defines gender order of contemporary society and its main characteristic. Then usual gender stereotypes in physical appearance, gender roles, interests and characteristics are defined. The diploma thesis then focuses attention to the gender socialization and concept of representations, which are defined as an instrument of power that helps to maintain androcentric order of society. Also the media are considered as significant and important tool of normalization and socialization. Another dimension of the thesis is mapping the "progress" of representations or comparing the two editions - edition n. 8 (published in 174/75) and edition n. 48 (published in 2015). In research the qualitative media analysis is used. It is focused on texts and picture illustrations of femininity and masculinity, therefore on characters. These characters are analysed through four categories - Physical appearance, Gender roles, Activities and interests, Characteristics, while the central categories are "Vacant" femininity and Counterfactuality, which are present throughout the content of both editions. Key...

Levels of loneliness are high in young adults, meanwhile they are the most connected generations ever through social media. Potential links between loneliness and the increased use of social media is of sociological interest to study. Potential gender differences are also of interest as previous research has mixed views on whether there are differences or not. The purpose of this study is to explore whether age is a factor in loneliness for young adults (18-35 year olds), and whether there are gender differences. Furthermore, the connection between perceived negative experience of social media usage and loneliness levels is studied. Potential gender differences in this connection are also studied as a variable. The theoretical frames used are Giddens (1996) ontological security and Connell and Pearse (2015) gender socialization framework. The approach used is a quantitative method. The data was collected through a digital survey spread through personal networks, workplaces, and the Facebook group “Dom kallar oss studenter”. The data was then analyzed through multivariate regressions. The results show that the majority of observations did not show a prominent level of loneliness, and that gender does not have an impact. However, these results were not significant. There seems to be a link between perceived negative impact of social media usage and levels of loneliness. Gender does however not seem to have an impact on this connection. / Ensamheten är hög bland unga, trots att de, via sociala medier, är den mest uppkopplade generationen någonsin. Därmed är det potentiella sambandet mellan ensamhet och sociala medier av sociologiskt intresse att undersöka. Potentiella könsskillnader är även av intresse att inkludera eftersom tidigare forskning har lett till delade uppfattningar om skillnader i upplevd ensamhet på grund av kön. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om huruvida ålder är en determinant för unga vuxna i åldern 18-35 år. Genom att särskilt fokusera på genusskillnader och utforska möjliga samband mellan ensamhet och sociala medier ämnar studien att bidra till en djupare förståelse av de faktorer som kan påverka graden av ensamhet i denna åldersgrupp. Den teoretiska referensramen som har använts för studien är Giddens (1996) begrepp ontologisk trygghet och Connell och Pearse (2015) genus- och kön socialiseringsteori. Studien genomfördes genom kvantitativ metod och datainsamling genom en digital enkät. Datainsamlingen skedde genom personliga nätverk, arbetsplatser, och Facebook Gruppen “Dom kallar oss studenter”. Datan analyserades genom multivariate regressionsanalyse. Studiens resultat visar att majoriteten av observationerna inte upplevde en hög nivå av ensamhet, och att det inte fanns några betydande könsskillnader. Dessa resultat var dock inte signifikant. Däremot verkar det finnas ett samband mellan den negativa upplevelsen av användningen av sociala medier och ensamhet nivå. Kön verkar inte ha någon påverkan på detta samband.

The research problem reflected a lower number of female postgraduate students and academics as compared to their male counterparts within the Faculty of Engineering at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. A descriptive survey was disseminated to a stratified sample of undergraduate final year students in the disciplines of Chemical, Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, Electronic, Computer and Bioresources Engineering. An online survey was also sent to the nine female academics within the Faculty. The study indicates that the social and academic environment within the Faculty of Engineering at the University of KwaZulu-Natal was not a deterrent to female graduates studying further and entering academia. The exam performance of both male and female students was similar and neither the drop-out rate nor failure was due to gender but rather to the choice of degree. An issue of concern to both the student and the academic group was the low numbers of female academics. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)

The research problem reflected a lower number of female postgraduate students and academics as compared to their male counterparts within the Faculty of Engineering at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. A descriptive survey was disseminated to a stratified sample of undergraduate final year students in the disciplines of Chemical, Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, Electronic, Computer and Bioresources Engineering. An online survey was also sent to the nine female academics within the Faculty. The study indicates that the social and academic environment within the Faculty of Engineering at the University of KwaZulu-Natal was not a deterrent to female graduates studying further and entering academia. The exam performance of both male and female students was similar and neither the drop-out rate nor failure was due to gender but rather to the choice of degree. An issue of concern to both the student and the academic group was the low numbers of female academics. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)

The thesis interprets the ideal of women beauty before and after 1989 in terms of sociological and culture discourse in Vlasta magazine. The key premise of the thesis is the claim that ideal of women beauty differs before and after 1989. It is possible to expect influence of politic system, social structure and culture forms on discourse of women beauty. Character of this thesis is theoretically-empiric. The sociologic gender theory serves as the frame for chosen topic. Research is based on analysis of discourse of women beauty in Vlasta magazine in 1975 and 2005. The goal of overall analysis is to provide series of detailed analysis which describe general magazine topics and role of the magazine in certain historical period beside discourse of beauty. I have chosen qualitative sociological method called discursive analysis for my thesis. Ambition of the thesis is to analyze one specific social discourse and introduce all key social, historical and culture aspects which can influence the discourse and use Vlasta magazine as its concrete case. Keywords Ideal of women beauty, discourse, media discourse, gender, discursive analysis, Vlasta magazine, transformation, socialism, media, gender stereotypes, gender socialization

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