This thesis addresses the question posed to ecocriticism by Dana Phillips in his iconoclastic The Truth of Ecology: Nature, Culture, and Literature in America: “What is the truth of ecology, insofar as this truth is addressed by literature and art?” by examining how ecocriticism has, or has failed to, contextualize ecocritical discourse within an ecological framework. After reviewing the current state of ecocriticism and its relationship with environmentalism, the thesis suggests that both rely on the same outmoded, inaccurate and essentially inutile ecological concepts and language, and argues for a new approach to ecocriticism that borrows its concepts and language from the geophilosophy of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari. The thesis concludes with a reassessment of the work of Barry Lopez, showing how his fiction, when viewed through the lens of geophilosophy, does not support essentialist notions of nature, but rather works to articulate a world of multiplicities, and new modes of becoming.

This thesis addresses the question posed to ecocriticism by Dana Phillips in his iconoclastic The Truth of Ecology: Nature, Culture, and Literature in America: “What is the truth of ecology, insofar as this truth is addressed by literature and art?” by examining how ecocriticism has, or has failed to, contextualize ecocritical discourse within an ecological framework. After reviewing the current state of ecocriticism and its relationship with environmentalism, the thesis suggests that both rely on the same outmoded, inaccurate and essentially inutile ecological concepts and language, and argues for a new approach to ecocriticism that borrows its concepts and language from the geophilosophy of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari. The thesis concludes with a reassessment of the work of Barry Lopez, showing how his fiction, when viewed through the lens of geophilosophy, does not support essentialist notions of nature, but rather works to articulate a world of multiplicities, and new modes of becoming.

This thesis addresses the question posed to ecocriticism by Dana Phillips in his iconoclastic The Truth of Ecology: Nature, Culture, and Literature in America: “What is the truth of ecology, insofar as this truth is addressed by literature and art?” by examining how ecocriticism has, or has failed to, contextualize ecocritical discourse within an ecological framework. After reviewing the current state of ecocriticism and its relationship with environmentalism, the thesis suggests that both rely on the same outmoded, inaccurate and essentially inutile ecological concepts and language, and argues for a new approach to ecocriticism that borrows its concepts and language from the geophilosophy of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari. The thesis concludes with a reassessment of the work of Barry Lopez, showing how his fiction, when viewed through the lens of geophilosophy, does not support essentialist notions of nature, but rather works to articulate a world of multiplicities, and new modes of becoming.

This thesis addresses the question posed to ecocriticism by Dana Phillips in his iconoclastic The Truth of Ecology: Nature, Culture, and Literature in America: “What is the truth of ecology, insofar as this truth is addressed by literature and art?” by examining how ecocriticism has, or has failed to, contextualize ecocritical discourse within an ecological framework. After reviewing the current state of ecocriticism and its relationship with environmentalism, the thesis suggests that both rely on the same outmoded, inaccurate and essentially inutile ecological concepts and language, and argues for a new approach to ecocriticism that borrows its concepts and language from the geophilosophy of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari. The thesis concludes with a reassessment of the work of Barry Lopez, showing how his fiction, when viewed through the lens of geophilosophy, does not support essentialist notions of nature, but rather works to articulate a world of multiplicities, and new modes of becoming.

The concept of the self was central to the development of North American child and youth care (CYC). The self has been understood in CYC as the mediator of knowledge and skills, the foundation of authentic and therapeutic relationships, and the essence of ethical, moral, and professional practice. In this research project, I engage with the concept of the self in CYC by analyzing the literature on the topic, conducting research conversations with scholars in the field, and articulating my own thinking on the subject. I pay particular attention to the work of faculty and students at the University of Victoria’s School of Child and Youth Care (SCYC) to better understand our current problems and possibilities for theorizing the self in relation to praxis, professionalization, and curriculum. I approach my research engagements through a geophilosophical (Deleuze & Guattari, 2003) methodology and emphasize the roles of relationship, wonder, mentorship, and connections in my research engagements. In this thesis I analyze various conceptualizations of the self in CYC, as well as concepts of identity and subjectivity that I found to be important for understanding the topic. I focus on concepts that (1) have traditionally played a central role in CYC curriculum and professionalization; (2) emerged from my research conversations; and (3) specifically relate to issues of diversity, power, and decolonization. As a work concerned primarily with conceptualizations of the self and how they relate to CYC praxis, professionalization, and curriculum, I articulate my own understanding and process of conceptualizing. I elaborate and experiment with my own thinking through a geophilosophical (Deleuze & Guattari, 2003) approach that emphasizes the relationship between thinking and the land and bodies through which it occurs, as well as thinking’s pragmatic, constructive, and creative aspects. I suggest that some of the important and interesting questions and possibilities for conceptualizing the self in contemporary North American CYC are related to politicized praxis as a framework for CYC; decolonization and identity-based solidarity and allyship; intersectionality as means to conceptualize diversity; mentorship and relationship in the learning encounter; immanence, dualism, and Indigenous cosmology; and the notion of a CYC community identity. / Graduate / 0745 / skouri@uvic.ca

Orientadores: Luiz Benedicto Lacerda Orlandi, Anne Sauvagnargues / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T20:28:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_ZamaraAraujodos_D.pdf: 2473466 bytes, checksum: ebe225a7284915bf42fea52db3ec0b94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A Geofilosofia é um conceito tardio na obra de Deleuze e Guattari e, embora se aplique ao último livro em parceria, Qu'est-ce que la Philosophie ?, trata-se de uma noção que envolve suas principais criações conceituais, circunscrevendo o período de Capitalisme et schizophrénie, mas dialogando com noções e momentos distintos da obra dos autores. Sob a rubrica da noção, a filosofia consagra a conexão de um plano de imanência absoluto derivado de um meio imanente e social que constitui a conjunção de relações variáveis entre o território e a terra. Assim, o ato de pensar não gravita sob a órbita das categorias sujeito e objeto, mas concerne a um meio intensivo e contingente, que, compondo uma ambiência de circunstâncias externas, demarca um campo de conexões e fronteiras de relações múltiplas e devires que contornam o molar e o molecular, estabelecendo um regime de troca, captura e sobrecodificação dos códigos. Nesse traçado, o pensamento e os conceitos invocam um "fora", um devir molecular, devires animais e imperceptíveis que povoam o território e os agenciamentos, perfilham conexões, ramificações heterogêneas e rizomáticas que seguem por linhas intensivas, conjurando forças e movimentos da terra que operam por movimentos diagramáticos, geodésia e desterritorialização. Configura-se, com efeito, uma cartografia dos deslocamentos, direções e trajetos que circunscreve o mapa de uma geografia agitada por linhas de fuga, longitudes e latitudes, sendo essas, portanto, as condições do plano de imanência absoluto do pensamento, de sua desterritorialização e reterritorialização / Abstract: Geophilosophy is a lag concept in Deleuze and Guattari's work, and besides it can be applied at the last book in partnership Qu'est-ce que la Philosophie?, it is a notion that involves their main conceptual creations, circumscribing the period of Capitalisme et schizophrénie, but in dialogue with distincts notions and moments of both autors work. Under the heading of the notion, philosophy consecrates the conexion of an absolut immanence plan derivative of a social and immanent environment that constitutes the conjunction of variable relations between the territory and the earth. This way, the act of thinking doesn't gravitate in the orbit of the categories of subject and object, but concerns to a intensive and contingent environment, that, setting an ambience of external circunstances, delimits a field of conexions and borders, of multiple relations and becomings that skirts the molar and the molecular, establishing a system of change, capture and overcoding of the codes. In this route, the thought and the concepts invocate an "outside", a molecular becoming, animal and inconspicuous becomings that settle the territory and the assemblages, profiling conexions, heterogeneous and rhizomatic ramifications that follow by intensive lines, conjuring forces and movements of earth that operates by diagrammatic movements, geodey and deterritorialization. Setting up, in effect, a cartography of displacements, directions and pathways that circumscribes the map of a geography agitated by creepage, longitudes and latitudes, being these, by the way, the conditions of the absolut immanence plan of thinking, of its deterritorialization and reterritorialization / Doutorado / Filosofia / Doutor em Filosofia

<p>How is space conceptualized? The question is central to subject theory in human geography. In the present dissertation, this issue is actualized in discussions of the virtual, space, and an ontology of becoming. The point of departure is that in human geography, as well as in the general discourses in society, a science fiction-like conception of the virtual has been dominant. The virtual is understood as another reality and as an absolute space. Predominant perceptions of the space and the virtual are problematized in Space in Becoming, and based on analyses of complex sets of ideas grounded in actor-network theory and Deleuzian geophilosophy, an alternative approach is formulated. The aim is to provide an enhanced conceptual understanding of space and the virtual. In order to fulfill the aim, three tasks are performed. Firstly, the prevalent conception of the virtual is presented. Secondly, a conception of space grounded in an ontology of becoming is constructed and defined, expressed in three postulates. Thirdly, the importance of the ontology of becoming and the postulates for the conception and conceptualization of space are discussed in relation to subject theory in human geography. Since the present work centers on treatment of concepts and ideas, a postulate method was selected. The postulate method also makes argumentation and discussion on theoretical and analytical levels possible. The outcome of the project is formulated in three postulates – actants do space, assemblages fold space, and the virtual is a real dimension of space. Accordingly, the main contribution to the conceptual understanding of space and the virtual is the construction and specification of the three postulates. The notion of the virtual as an ontological dimension emerges, with direct implications for the conception and conceptualization of space. The ontology of becoming offers an alternative point of departure, a different perspective on the virtual, and thereby also on virtual geography. This is further elucidated by returning to the point of departure for the dissertation project. The postulates contribute to subject theory in human geography by providing an alternative point of departure for future theoretical research and the formulation of new theories. Accordingly, the particular conception of space expressed in the three postulates brings a challenge in terms of both method and vocabulary.</p>

How is space conceptualized? The question is central to subject theory in human geography. In the present dissertation, this issue is actualized in discussions of the virtual, space, and an ontology of becoming. The point of departure is that in human geography, as well as in the general discourses in society, a science fiction-like conception of the virtual has been dominant. The virtual is understood as another reality and as an absolute space. Predominant perceptions of the space and the virtual are problematized in Space in Becoming, and based on analyses of complex sets of ideas grounded in actor-network theory and Deleuzian geophilosophy, an alternative approach is formulated. The aim is to provide an enhanced conceptual understanding of space and the virtual. In order to fulfill the aim, three tasks are performed. Firstly, the prevalent conception of the virtual is presented. Secondly, a conception of space grounded in an ontology of becoming is constructed and defined, expressed in three postulates. Thirdly, the importance of the ontology of becoming and the postulates for the conception and conceptualization of space are discussed in relation to subject theory in human geography. Since the present work centers on treatment of concepts and ideas, a postulate method was selected. The postulate method also makes argumentation and discussion on theoretical and analytical levels possible. The outcome of the project is formulated in three postulates – actants do space, assemblages fold space, and the virtual is a real dimension of space. Accordingly, the main contribution to the conceptual understanding of space and the virtual is the construction and specification of the three postulates. The notion of the virtual as an ontological dimension emerges, with direct implications for the conception and conceptualization of space. The ontology of becoming offers an alternative point of departure, a different perspective on the virtual, and thereby also on virtual geography. This is further elucidated by returning to the point of departure for the dissertation project. The postulates contribute to subject theory in human geography by providing an alternative point of departure for future theoretical research and the formulation of new theories. Accordingly, the particular conception of space expressed in the three postulates brings a challenge in terms of both method and vocabulary.

La Géophilosophie est un concept tardif dans l’oeuvre de Deleuze et Guattari, et bien qu’il s’applique au dernier livre qu’ils ont écrit ensemble « Qu´est-ce que la Philosophie ? », il s’agit d’une notion qui enveloppe leurs principales créations conceptuelles et circonscrit la période de « Capitalisme et schizophrénie », tout en dialoguant avec des notions et des moments distincts de l’oeuvre des auteurs. Sous la rubrique de cette notion, la philosophie se définit selon le rapport entre un plan d’immanence qu’il s’agira de définir et d’un milieu immanent et social constituant une conjonction de relations variables entre le territoire et la terre. Ainsi l’acte de penser ne gravite-t-il pas dans l’orbite des catégories du sujet et de l’objet, mais concerne un milieu intensif et contingent qui, tout en composant une milieu de circonstances extérieures, délimite un champ de connexions et frontières, de relations multiples et de devenirs, qui contournent le molaire et le moléculaire en établissant un régime d’échange, de capture et de surcodage de codes. Selon ce tracé, la pensée et les concepts invoquent un “ dehors”, un devenir moléculaire, que Deleuze et Guattari analysent en utilisant les concepts de devenirs-animaux et imperceptibles. Ce sont ces concepts que nous cherchons à expliquer, dans la mesure où ils explorent le caractère géophilosophique de la pensée, dans son rapport aux concepts de territoire et d’agencements. Nous entendons en délinéer les connexions, les ramifications hétérogènes et rhizomatiques qui suivent des lignes intensives en conjurant des forces et des mouvements de la terre, et qui opèrent par des mouvements diagrammatiques, géodésie et déterritorialisation. En effet, une cartographie des déplacements, directions et chemins circonscrivant la carte d’une géographie agitée par des lignes de fuite, des longitudes et des lattitudes est configurée. Ces conditions définissent le plan d’immanence de la pensée, de sa déterritorialisation et de sa reterritorialisation. / Geophilosophy is a lag concept in Deleuze and Guattari’s work, and besides its can be applied at the last book in partnership « Qu´est-ce que la Philosophie ? », it is a notion that involves their main conceptual creations, circumscribing the period of Capitalisme et schizophrénie, but in dialogue with distincts notions and moments of both autors work. Under the heading of the notion, philosophy consecrates the conexion of a absolut immanence plan derivative of a social and immanent environment that constitutes the conjunction of variable relations between the territory and the earth. This way, the act of thinking doesn’t gravitate in the orbit of the categories of suject and object, but concerns to a intensive and contingent environment, that, setting an ambience of external circunstances, delimits a field of conexions and borders, of multiple relations and becomings that skirts the molar and the molecular, establishing a system of change, capture and overcoding of the codes. In this route, the thought and the concepts invocate an « outside », a molecular becoming, animal and inconspicuous becomings that settle the territory and the assemblages, profiling conexions, heterogeneous and rhizomatic ramifications that follow by intensive lines, conjuring forces and movements of earth that operates by diagrammatic movements, geodey and deterritorialization. Setting up, in effect, a cartography of displacements, directions and pathways that circumscribes the map of a geography agitated by creepage, longitudes and latitudes, being these, by the way, the conditions of the absolut immanence plan of thinking, of its deterritorialization and reterritorialization. / A Geofilosofia é um conceito tardio na obra de Deleuze e Guattari e, embora se aplique aoúltimo livro em parceria, Qu´est-ce que la Philosophie ?, trata-se de uma noção queenvolve suas principais criações conceituais, circunscrevendo o período de Capitalisme etschizophrénie, mas dialogando com noções e momentos distintos da obra dos autores. Soba rubrica da noção, a filosofia consagra a conexão de um plano de imanência absolutoderivado de um meio imanente e social que constitui a conjunção de relações variáveisentre o território e a terra. Assim, o ato de pensar não gravita sob a órbita das categoriassujeito e objeto, mas concerne a um meio intensivo e contingente, que, compondo umaambiência de circunstâncias externas, demarca um campo de conexões e fronteiras derelações múltiplas e devires que contornam o molar e o molecular, estabelecendo umregime de troca, captura e sobrecodificação dos códigos. Nesse traçado, o pensamento e osconceitos invocam um “fora”, um devir molecular, devires animais e imperceptíveis quepovoam o território e os agenciamentos, perfilham conexões, ramificações heterogêneas erizomáticas que seguem por linhas intensivas, conjurando forças e movimentos da terra queoperam por movimentos diagramáticos, geodésia e desterritorialização. Configura-se, comefeito, uma cartografia dos deslocamentos, direções e trajetos que circunscreve o mapa deuma geografia agitada por linhas de fuga, longitudes e latitudes, sendo essas, portanto, ascondições do plano de imanência absoluto do pensamento, de sua desterritorialização ereterritorialização.

In this thesis, we propose an introduction to geophilosophy, understood as a philosophy of relationship between the subject, the place and the everyday life in the context of modernity. At first the understandings are presented from which the researchers deal with the term geophilosophy , to then be introduced the concept of the word that matters to this research, as well as its theoretical and methodological foundation. In its practical aspect, the research investigates a particular phenomenon: the period in which the region of the Triângulo Mineiro had the railroad passenger train, which circulated in the region during the period of a little more than a century (1889-1997). On the occasion of his installation, the railroad train changed the landscape and places, changing old living relations and enabling the emergence of new relations and a new way of life that, over time, and not without contradictions is no longer new and strange, to be incorporated into the day-to-day. A specific aspect of this process is of particular interest, namely: after a century since its installation, the railroad train passengers left the region. The goal is to discuss the representations and objective and subjective impact of passenger transport disruption on railway lines in the localities of the Triângulo Mineiro region. Inferences found, from the consultation to documents, texts and dialogues with people who lived through the railroad train of everyday life in the region, reveal that there is a debt, not always recognized, the locations studied towards the passenger railroad train and with people who were part of their daily lives. Is present in this work is also a global approach to the relationship between the subject, the place and the world. We conclude that the globalized world suffocates the place and the human person and at the same time and dialectically, overwhelms the person and therefore also stifles the place. However, it is clear that, however totalizing it is, modernity cannot be absolute and always leaves a place to the residue. This is one of the faces of modernity, that the geophilosophy, in this study, lists. / Nesta tese, propõe-se uma introdução à geofilosofia, entendida como uma filosofia da relação entre o sujeito, o lugar e o cotidiano, no contexto da modernidade. A princípio, são apresentados os entendimentos a partir dos quais os pesquisadores lidam com o termo geofilosofia , para então ser introduzida a concepção da palavra que interessa a esta pesquisa, bem como a sua fundamentação teórico-metodológica. No seu aspecto prático, a pesquisa investiga um fenômeno em particular: o período em que a região do Triângulo Mineiro contou com o trem de ferro de passageiros, que operou na região durante o período de um pouco mais de um século (1889 a 1997). Por ocasião de sua instalação, o trem de ferro alterou a paisagem e os lugares, modificando velhas relações de convivência e possibilitando o surgimento de novas relações e de um novo modo de vida que, com o passar do tempo, e não sem contradições, deixou de ser novo e estranho, para ser incorporado ao dia-a-dia da região. Um aspecto específico deste processo interessa especialmente, a saber: passado um século desde a sua instalação, o trem de ferro de passageiros deixou a região. O objetivo é discorrer sobre as representações e repercussões objetivas e subjetivas da interrupção do transporte de passageiros em linhas férreas nas localidades da região do Triângulo Mineiro. As inferências encontradas, a partir da consulta a documentos, textos e diálogos com pessoas que viveram o cotidiano do trem de ferro na região, revelam que há uma dívida, nem sempre reconhecida, das localidades estudadas para com o trem de ferro de passageiros e para com as pessoas que fizeram parte do seu cotidiano. Faz-se presente neste trabalho, também, uma abordagem global da relação entre o sujeito, o lugar e o mundo. Conclui-se que o mundo globalizado sufoca o lugar e a pessoa humana e, ao mesmo tempo e dialeticamente, oprime a pessoa e, por isso, também sufoca o lugar. No entanto, evidencia-se que, por mais totalizadora que seja, a modernidade não consegue ser absoluta e sempre deixa um lugar para o resíduo. Essa é uma das faces da modernidade, que a geofilosofia, neste estudo, enumera. / Mestre em Geografia