京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第22270号 / 理博第4584号 / 新制||理||1658(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科化学専攻 / (主査)教授 小野 輝男, 教授 吉村 一良, 教授 島川 祐一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Inquiry about ideal library was sought by interdisciplinary approach from human competence derived from performance engineering by Gilbert (1978), and the library information policy by Wilson (1977). With Wilson's insights into the field of library and information science (LIS), this work demonstrated the synthesis of Wilson and Gilbert: engineering as common ground. One of the central concerns in LIS, utilization of knowledge, is re-conceptualized as Gilbert's view of performance, which reflected at different vantage points. Four leisurely theorems are introduced for his view of performance engineering, which produce human competence. The performance matrix is the application tool that represents Gilbert's theorems of performance engineering. It is used to clarify vantage points about the library, and constructed a model of the performance engineering system of ideal library. Based upon the model, two applications were made. One is to apply the performance matrix to the existing academic library. Another is to apply the performance matrix for building a special collection. These two applications show that the performance matrix is capable to analyze existing performance system as well as designing and building a performance system.

The dynamic process of how fast a spintronic device can be switched from one state to another is characterized by the Gilbert damping parameter. It has been found that the Gilbert damping along with other intrinsic properties in permalloy, can be tuned by different dopants and doping concentration. Therefore, a study of intrinsic magnetic properties with emphasis on the dependence of the Gilbert damping parameter from first principles calculations is investigated. It is aimed at to give an insight of the microscopic understanding originated from electronic structure and to provide a guideline in the practical spintronic design. The topic of the present thesis is to investigate, by means of first principle calculations, how the variation of the Gilbert damping parameter depends upon the electronic structure of pure and doped permalloy. We show that the Gilbert damping has a monotonic increase with the doping concentration due to an increasing amount of scattering processes. The dopants of the 5d transition metal give rise to a much larger impact than the 4d, as the spin orbit coupling effect is more pronounced in the heavy elements. Our results are in satistying agreement with experiment. / <p>QC 20150629</p>

In this manuscript we perform a rigorous mathematical investigation of the behavior opportunistic network models exhibit when two major real-world problems are taken into account. The first problem considered is obstruction. Here we model the network using an obstructed Gilbert graph which is a classical Gilbert graph but where there exist zones where no nodes are allowed to be placed. We take a look at percolation properties of this model, that is we investigate random graph configurations for which a component of infinite size has strictly positive probability to be created. The second problem considered in this thesis is mobility. Of course mobility in and of itself is not a problem but a feature in any network that follows the store-carry-forward paradigm. However it can be problematic to properly handle in a mathematical model. In the past this has been done by modelling movement by a series of static network configurations. However, with this technique it can be difficult to get a grasp on some of the time sensitive properties of the network. In this work we introduce the time bounded cylinder model which enables an analysis over a complete timeframe. We provide normal approximations for important properties of the model, like its covered volume and the number of isolated nodes. As we are using rigorous mathematics to tackle problems which computer scientists working in the field of distributed systems are faced with, we bring the two fields closer together.

This essay aims to examine and explore two characters, Anne, and Gilbert, in L.M Montgomery’s Anne of Green Gables (1908). The paper focuses on their portrayal as normative and norm-breaking within their hometown, Avonlea. The theoretical framework is a queer theoretical approach with the main objective being norms and breaking of norms. Other common queer theoretical topics such as sexuality, identity and gender are something this paper also explore, however to a lesser extent. The analysis and discussion explore and conclude that Anne and Gilbert have multiple differences as well as similarities. They come from a similar upbringing and background as they do not have any siblings and have had to take responsibility of themselves at an early age. The two are furthermore new residents in Avonlea and have high academic ambitions. The paper moreover discusses their differences where questions about Gilbert, his behavior and privilege emerge. In Anne’s case, questions and discussions about gender norms, patriarchal structures and her transformation emerge instead. The paper establishes in the end that Anne appears to be norm-breaking whilst Gilbert does not.

Within the exciting current trend to explore novel low-dimensional systems, the possibility to inject pure spin currents in graphene and other two-dimensional crystals has attracted considerable attention in the past few years. The theoretical prediction of large spin relaxation times and experimentally observed mesoscopic-scale spin diffusion lengths places graphene as a promising base system for future spintronics devices. This is due to the unique characteristics intrinsic to the two-dimensional lattice of carbon atoms forming graphene, such as the lack of nuclear spins and weak spin-orbit coupling of the charge carriers. Interestingly for some spintronic applications, the latter can be chemically and physically engineered, with large induced spin-orbit couplings found in functionalized graphene sheets. Understanding spin injection, spin current and spin dynamics in graphene is of a great interest, both from the fundamental and applied points of view. This thesis presents an experimental study of dynamical generation of spin currents in macroscopic graphene sheets by means of spin pumping from the precessing magnetization of an adjacent ferromagnet. The spin pumping characteristics are studied by means of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements in Permalloy/graphene (Py/Gr) bilayers. Changes in the FMR linewidth induced by the presence of graphene (when compared to studies with only Py films) correspond to an increase in the Gilbert damping in the ferromagnetic layer (proportional to the FMR linewidth) and interpreted as a consequence of spin pumping at the Py/Gr interface driven by the Py magnetization dynamics (i.e., magnetic induced by the microwave stimulus). FMR experiments are performed on different FM/Gr interfaces, completing a set of studies designed to systematically identify and eliminate damping enhancement arising from processes other than spin pumping. Remarkably, a substantial enhancement of the Gilbert damping observed in Py/Gr strips with graphene protruding a few micrometers from the strip sides is univocally associated to spin pumping at the quasi-onedimensional interface between the Py strip edges and graphene. This increase in the FMR linewidth compares with observations in other bilayer systems, in where thick (thicker than the spin diffusion length) layers of heavy metals with strong spin-orbit coupling are employed as the non-magnetic layer, indicating that spin relaxation in chemically grown graphene must be greatly enhanced in order to account for the losses of angular momentum lost by the ferromagnet. The fundamental implications of the results presented in this thesis point to a non-trivial nature of the spin pumping mechanism owing to the two-dimensionality of the non-magnetic layer (i.e., graphene). In addition, a spintronics device designed to interconvert charge and spin currents has been designed. A high-frequency microwave irradiation lock-in modulation technique is employed to detect the small electrical voltages generated by the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE). As a proof of principle, a successful spin-charge interconversion in Py/Pt-based devices is experimentally demonstrated in this thesis. The challenges associated with the spin-charge interconversion in twodimensional devices are discussed and systematically addressed, and a potential device geometry for measuring the ISHE in Py/Gr-based systems is provided.

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Chez les Modernes, il était fréquent qu'un intérêt pour les exercices ou arts de la pensée soit intimement lié à une conception de la philosophie comme formation de l'individu pour lui-même. L'éthique pouvait alors être comprise comme consistant en une telle formation, et le développement d'un art des concepts, l'exercice du jugement ou le raffinement du caractère à l'aide des arts libéraux pouvaient être conçus comme différents aspects de l'activité esthétique en un sens large. Puis la philosophie s'est scindée en plusieurs disciplines, si bien que nous distinguons aujourd'hui les différents domaines que sont l'éthique, l'esthétique, la politique, la théorie de la connaissance, la théorie du langage ou la métaphysique, par exemple. Il s'agira dans ce mémoire de montrer que le courant moderne pour lequel l'éthique et l'esthétique sont intimement liées se poursuit toujours aujourd'hui, et de trouver à exercer une pratique artistique, plutôt que théorique, de la philosophie, dans la perspective d'une réflexion sur les rapports du développement d'une telle pratique avec la formation de l'individu pour lui-même et à partir des Jeux de concepts de Gilbert Boss, une oeuvre philosophique sur ordinateur. La conception originale de la liberté rendue possible par le déploiement d'un ensemble de jeux de concepts permettra de montrer comment celle-ci peut mener à l'élaboration d'un projet de société ainsi qu'à un renouveau de notre rapport à la philosophie.

Este trabalho versa sobre a tecnologia, atendo-se de modo particular, mas não exclusivo, a isso que no Brasil se chama de tecnologia social (TS). A tese que se buscará defender aqui é múltipla. Em primeiro lugar, ontológica e politicamente, sustentar-se-á que a tecnologia social é uma implementação não apenas tecnicamente legítima e autêntica, como social e ambientalmente urgente. Contudo, para que tal tipo de solução seja passível de ser desenvolvida, é necessário, de uma parte, que se desenvolvam conhecimentos científicos e engenheiris apropriados. Com isso, o segundo argumento, epistemológico, é que esses conhecimentos são passíveis de ser produzidos e que os mecanismos que podem tornar tal coisa possível não subvertem o ethos próprio da ciência ou da engenharia. De outra parte, TS e engenharia popular demandam também um perfil profissional específico, o do engenheiro educador (ou engenheiro popular). Essa é a terceira dimensão da tese que defendemos. Por fim, ontológica e existencialmente, proporemos que o caminho para superar o desencantamento substantivo do mundo (Weber), a entificação do Ser (em seu desvelamento tecnológico no qual nos encontramos presos, via enquadramento Heidegger), a ditadura da racionalidade instrumental (Horkheimer & Adorno) ou a autoprodução e o automatismo do desenvolvimento tecnológico (que nos aprisiona ou agencia quase que inapelavelmente Ellul) pode emergir precisamente de algo como a tecnologia social, por meio da incorporação dos valores e saberes populares à construção da realidade sociotécnica que decidimos nos dar. Esse quarto aspecto, nesses termos, reforça o primeiro, trazendo novos elementos para subsidiar-se o entendimento acerca da urgência, em nossos dias, de uma solução técnica como a tecnologia social. / This work discusses technology, giving special attention to this that is called social technology (ST) in Brazil. The thesis that is substantiated here is multiple. First, ontologically and politically, it will be argued that social technology is not only technically legitimate and authentic, but also socially and environmentally urgent. However, in order to be implementable, ST demands, on the one hand, specific engineering and scientific knowledge to be advanced. Thus, the second dimension of our thesis, epistemological, sustains the understanding that such knowledge can be produced and the mechanisms required to make such production possible do not corrupt the scientific or engineering ethos. On the other hand, ST and popular engineering also demand a specific professional profile, the educator engineer (or popular engineer). This is the third dimension of the argument we defend here. Finally, ontologically and existentially, it will be suggested that a way to overcome the substantial disenchantment of the world (Weber), the entification of Being (in its technological unveiling in which we found ourselves trapped, via enframing Heidegger), the dictatorship of instrumental rationality (Horkheimer and Adorno) or the self-production and automatism of technological development (Ellul) may precisely emerge from something like social technology. This would be so by dint of the incorporation of popular values and knowledge to the construction of the sociotechnical reality we decide to build. This fourth aspect, then, strengthens the first one, offering new supporting elements to the urgency claim associated with the development of ST in our days.