Cette recherche est née d'une interrogation sur le lien entre des concepts environnementaux omniprésents dans la communication de grandes structures internationales ou nationales et leur reprise dans la communication d'une structure à caractère plus local. Ainsi la biodiversité illustre ce mécanisme : en 2010, l'ONU déclarait l'Année Internationale de la Biodiversité et mettait en place une campagne de communication très bien relayée par les médias ; cette même année, le Parc Naturel Régional du Pilat lançait officiellement son Observatoire de la Biodiversité. On cherche dans cette thèse à montrer comment la communication environnementale se professionnalise dans la structure du Parc et comment elle devient ainsi un enjeu fort pour celui-ci ; non plus uniquement pour des raisons de message à transmettre, mais également, dans un contexte de plus en plus concurrentiel, pour des raisons de financements à obtenir. La biodiversité est donc réinvestie dans une perspective stratégique dans la communication du Parc du Pilat. L'observation des dispositifs de communication du Parc pose en outre la question de leur rôle dans la construction d'une identité pour l'organisation. Cette identité, loin d'être fixe, semble, suite aux observations menées, être en perpétuelle adaptation aux situations d'interactions selon qu'elles nécessitent la création d'un monde commun ou d'un espace de différenciation. On montrera ainsi comment la biodiversité, concept communicationnel au discours très défini par l'ONU dans sa campagne, est à la fois adaptée aux besoins identitaires de la communication du Parc dans un discours original, mais aussi mobilisée comme cadre normalisé dans une stratégie d'identification. / The central theme of this thesis arose from questions about the links between key environmental concepts in international and national communication and their impact on communication at local level. Biodiversity indeed perfectly illustrates such interactions insofar as the UN launched 2010 as the International Year of Biodiversity – which was widely covered by the media –, while the Regional Natural Park of Pilat chose the same year to develop its Biodiversity Observatory project. This study aims at showing that environmental communication is becoming more professional in the Park for which such concerns have now become a major issue. Not only is communication crucial to have messages delivered, but it has become a strategic tool for financing purposes in a context of increasingly fierce competition. The stakes of biodiversity have been reinvested into the communication strategy of the Pilat Park. The observation of the communication devices of the Park also raises the question of their role in building an identity for the organization. According to the research we conducted, far from being fixed, this identity seems to be constantly adapting to interaction situations, depending on whether they require the creation of a common world or of a differentiation space. We will thus explain how biodiversity – which is a concept very clearly defined by the UN in its campaign speeches –, is both adapted to the identity needs of communication of the Park in an original discourse, and used as a standardized framework in an identification strategy.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / O presente trabalho se propõe fazer uma aproximação aos estudos sobre a tradicionalmente chamada Feira de São Cristóvão, levando em consideração a relação entre os agentes partícipes e a dinâmica no espaço. O objetivo é compreender melhor a força que move os atores no sentido da mudança da forma da feira para a forma do Centro Luiz Gonzaga de Tradições Nordestinas (CLGTN), e assim me aproximar da seguinte questão: Por que uma forma de comércio como a modelada na Feira de São Cristóvão, popularmente conhecida como feira dos paraíbas, sobrevive à força das mudanças operadas no ramo, dando lugar aos sofistificados shopping-centers? Para isso, faço uma aproximação ao estado de arte da pesquisa na área com base nas seguintes categorias de análise: a Feira como forma de produção do espaço e a relação Forma-Conteúdo, a relação espaço-identidade na feira e a relação entre agentes internos e externos no Espaço. Vendo a migração como movimento responsável pela constituição de um espaço social e territorialmente diferenciado do nordestino na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, é por ela que inicio a exposição. Esta se continua com a análise dos trabalhos escolhidos para estudo, via as categorias indicadas e, com um capítulo no qual procuro repensar a feira a partir da relação global-local que vem referenciando as reflexões acumuladas na área do urbano a partir da segunda metade do século XX. Por fim, concluo observando que a permanência da feira se deve a um duplo movimento de resistência-absorção que, se redefinindo no tempo e no espaço, não consegue, entretanto, apagar os traços da tradição que lhe deu origem. / This paper proposes an approach to the studies on traditionally called Fair of São Cristóvão, taking into account the relationship between participants agents and dynamics space. The goal is to better understand the force that moves the actors in the direction of change the fair to the form the Centro Luiz Gonzaga de Tradições Nordestinas (CLGTN), and so I approach the question: Why would a form of trade as the modeled Fair in São Cristóvão, popularly known as the fair northerner survives by force of the changes in the branch leading to sophisticateds Shopping-Centers? For this approach to make a "state of art of research" in the area based on the following categories of analysis: the Fair as a means of production of Space and Form-content ratio, the relationship between space and identity in the marketplace and the relationship between internal and External Agents in the space. Viewing migration as a movement responsible for the establishment of a social space and territorially differentiated from the northeastern in Rio de Janeiro, it is that begining exposure. This continues with the analysis of works chosen for study the categories listed and, with a chapter in which I try to rethink the show from the global-local relationship that is referencing the accumulated reflections in the urban area from the second half of twentieth century. Finally, I conclude by noting that the permanence of the fair is due to a double-absorption resistance movement that is redefining time and space, can not, however, erase the traces of the tradition that gave it birth.

Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-21T13:50:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCCMT.pdf: 3540141 bytes, checksum: e392913d01ce26b3d8bd932aa7e84611 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-27T19:31:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCCMT.pdf: 3540141 bytes, checksum: e392913d01ce26b3d8bd932aa7e84611 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-27T19:31:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCCMT.pdf: 3540141 bytes, checksum: e392913d01ce26b3d8bd932aa7e84611 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T19:42:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCCMT.pdf: 3540141 bytes, checksum: e392913d01ce26b3d8bd932aa7e84611 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The generation of Reactive Production Scheduling (PRP) in order to minimize the makespan is an important activity in the manufacturing industry, in view of the numerous articles reflecting this search today. Among these studies highlight the global search use in hybridization or collaboration with local search, especially of Genetic Algorithm (GA) with Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS). But see that the neighborhood structures used are not related to the goal of makespan minimization or when they are, are difficult to obtain. In order to cover this topic, this thesis proposes the hypothesis that a strongly correlated neighborhood structure with objective of makespan minimization in PRP problems, based on spanning tree, and applied on a collaboration among a genetic algorithm with VNS, perform better or equal to those obtained by other studies using other neighborhood structures or without the use of local search. The purpose was to construct a collaboration of GA and VNS using a neighborhood structure based on the mapping of the solution in the spanning tree associated with the problem, in the local search time, and operating with the insert, swap and 2-opt operators. The planning of experiments for validation contemplated since the implementation and comparison of four variants of reactive production scheduling in three job shop scenarios of different sizes. Each pair of comparisons had its calculated sample size and has been tested with the appropriate hypothesis test. The four variants were compared: Genetic Algorithm only and three collaborations of GA with VNS using the neighborhood structure proposal and two other neighborhood structures (Critical Path and Natural Representation) found in the literature review. The scenarios came from Taillard base. The tests corroborate the hypothesis, with 95% confidence, compared to other works and the main contribution of this thesis is to create an efficient method for minimizing makespan in PRP. / A geração de Programação Reativa da Produção (PRP), com o objetivo de minimizar o makespan, é uma atividade importante na indústria manufatureira, tendo em vista os numerosos artigos que abordam esta pesquisa na atualidade. Dentre estas pesquisas, destaca-se o uso de hibridização ou colaboração de busca global com busca local, notadamente de Algoritmo Genético (AG) com Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS). Porém, nota-se que as estruturas de vizinhança utilizadas não são correlatas à função de minimização de makespan ou, quando o são, são de difícil obtenção. Com o intuito de cobrir tal tópico, esta tese propõe a hipótese de que uma estrutura de vizinhança fortemente correlata ao objetivo de minimização de makespan em problemas de PRP, baseando-se em árvore de cobertura e aplicada em uma colaboração de algoritmo genético e VNS, obtém resultados melhores aos obtidos por outros trabalhos, que fazem uso de outras estruturas de vizinhança ou que não utilizam a busca local. A proposta é a construção de um método de colaboração entre AG e VNS usando uma estrutura de vizinhança baseada no mapeamento da solução, em tempo de busca local, na árvore de cobertura associada ao problema, atuando com os operadores insert, swap e 2-opt. O planejamento dos experimentos para validação contempla a execução e comparação de quatro variantes de solução de problemas de Programação Reativa da Produção em três cenários de job shop de diversas dimensões. Cada par de comparações tem seu tamanho amostral calculado e é examinado com o teste de hipótese adequado. As quatro variantes comparadas são: Algoritmo Genético e três colaborações entre Algoritmo Genético e Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) usando a estrutura de vizinhança proposta e outras duas estruturas de vizinhança (Caminho Crítico e Representação Natural) encontradas na revisão da literatura. Os cenários vem da base Taillard. Os testes corroboram a hipótese com 95% de confiança na comparação com outros trabalhos e a principal contribuição desta tese é a criação de um método eficiente para minimização de makespan em PRP.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / O presente trabalho se propõe fazer uma aproximação aos estudos sobre a tradicionalmente chamada Feira de São Cristóvão, levando em consideração a relação entre os agentes partícipes e a dinâmica no espaço. O objetivo é compreender melhor a força que move os atores no sentido da mudança da forma da feira para a forma do Centro Luiz Gonzaga de Tradições Nordestinas (CLGTN), e assim me aproximar da seguinte questão: Por que uma forma de comércio como a modelada na Feira de São Cristóvão, popularmente conhecida como feira dos paraíbas, sobrevive à força das mudanças operadas no ramo, dando lugar aos sofistificados shopping-centers? Para isso, faço uma aproximação ao estado de arte da pesquisa na área com base nas seguintes categorias de análise: a Feira como forma de produção do espaço e a relação Forma-Conteúdo, a relação espaço-identidade na feira e a relação entre agentes internos e externos no Espaço. Vendo a migração como movimento responsável pela constituição de um espaço social e territorialmente diferenciado do nordestino na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, é por ela que inicio a exposição. Esta se continua com a análise dos trabalhos escolhidos para estudo, via as categorias indicadas e, com um capítulo no qual procuro repensar a feira a partir da relação global-local que vem referenciando as reflexões acumuladas na área do urbano a partir da segunda metade do século XX. Por fim, concluo observando que a permanência da feira se deve a um duplo movimento de resistência-absorção que, se redefinindo no tempo e no espaço, não consegue, entretanto, apagar os traços da tradição que lhe deu origem. / This paper proposes an approach to the studies on traditionally called Fair of São Cristóvão, taking into account the relationship between participants agents and dynamics space. The goal is to better understand the force that moves the actors in the direction of change the fair to the form the Centro Luiz Gonzaga de Tradições Nordestinas (CLGTN), and so I approach the question: Why would a form of trade as the modeled Fair in São Cristóvão, popularly known as the fair northerner survives by force of the changes in the branch leading to sophisticateds Shopping-Centers? For this approach to make a "state of art of research" in the area based on the following categories of analysis: the Fair as a means of production of Space and Form-content ratio, the relationship between space and identity in the marketplace and the relationship between internal and External Agents in the space. Viewing migration as a movement responsible for the establishment of a social space and territorially differentiated from the northeastern in Rio de Janeiro, it is that begining exposure. This continues with the analysis of works chosen for study the categories listed and, with a chapter in which I try to rethink the show from the global-local relationship that is referencing the accumulated reflections in the urban area from the second half of twentieth century. Finally, I conclude by noting that the permanence of the fair is due to a double-absorption resistance movement that is redefining time and space, can not, however, erase the traces of the tradition that gave it birth.

Les recherches sur les réseaux monétaires alternatifs sont relativement récentes et particulièrement rares au Québec. De plus, celles-ci montrent un portrait plus globalisé et moins territorialisé, ce qu’une recherche ethnographique est capable de produire. Il était ainsi nécessaire de joindre à ce type de recherche un point de vue plus territorialisé tout en prenant le cas de figure émergeant du BLÉ présent à la ville de Québec. En plus de montrer une facette d’alternative économique, cette recherche vise à détailler des distinctions localisées d’un type précis de réseau monétaire, les monnaies locales complémentaires, en montrant une comparaison entre trois réseaux dans les trois aspects : économique, social et environnemental propre à ce type de réseau. Finalement, ces distinctions seront reprises pour montrer la différence dans la structure des réseaux provenant de visions différentes, d’objectifs différents et par conséquent d’une utilisation et appropriation différente de la monnaie. / Researches on alternative currency networks are quite new, especially in the province of Quebec. Moreover, those researches tend to show a more globalized portrayal than territorized, what an ethnographical investigation can produce. It is necessary to join territorized ones to that kind of research, and this will be here the cas with the instance of the emergent BLÉ, a local currency which is use at Quebec city. This research aim to detail the localized distinctions within one specific kind of alternative currency network, complementary local currency networks, by comparing three aspects of three different networks : economic, social, and environmental. Finally, those distinctions are useful to show the difference in the sutrcture of the three networks, built from different visions, with different goals, and therefore different uses and appropriations of money.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to represent the first empirical attempt to explore global-local consumer identities as drivers of global digital brand usage. Specifically, this study considers a unique category of digital products, social networking sites (SNS), and develops a set of hypotheses to assess the mechanism through which location-based identities influence the actual usage of global SNS (Facebook and Instagram). Moreover, cross-country variations are investigated under the lens of developed vs developing countries. Design/methodology/Approach: Cross-country surveys in a developed (Austria) and a developing country (Thailand) were conducted. Data collected from 425 young adults were analyzed using SEM techniques in order to test a set of hypotheses. Findings: Results show that in Thailand, users with a global identity enjoy participating in global SNS more than their counterparts in Austria. In addition, consumers with a local identity in Thailand demonstrate less pleasure when participating in global SNS than their counterparts in Austria, and consequently are less inclined to use global SNS. Practical implications: Findings provide digital marketers with useful insights into important strategic decisions regarding the selection and potential adaptation of global digital brands according to the country context. Originality/value: This research is the first to extend the location-based identity research in the context of global digital brands, explain how global-local identities predict SNS usage through an engagement mechanism and investigate cross-country variations of this mechanism.

Each year, thousands of Chinese international students come to the United States to further their education. Most of them need to adjust their identities in some degrees to adapt to U.S. American social and cultural contexts. One key transition that is significantly under discussed and often ignored is Chinese international students’ adjustment into a racialized system in the U.S. Because of different racial and ethnic contexts in China, Chinese international students have to disorient from the racial and ethnic identity of their home country and adapt to and accept the U.S. American hierarchy of race and ethnicity. Lacking sufficient social and intellectual support, this process often leads to struggle, depression, and ambivalence amongst Chinese international students in relation to their identity and communication in the U.S. society. As a Chinese international student myself in the U.S., my own experiences with the shifting of racial and ethnic knowledge, and the struggles these experiences have produced in relation to my identity (ies), leads me to investigate this topic further. Thus, in this study I examine how members of a socio-cultural group that I identify with, Chinese international students, negotiate and make sense of their/our new racial and ethnic identity upon entering the cultural space of the U.S. Race and ethnicity, as social categories of identity and power, play out differently on bodies located in different spatial, national/historical and cultural contexts. The meanings and hierarchies of race and ethnicity presumed to be commonsense in one national context are not so in others. At the same time, in today’s increasingly mobile and globalizing world, how we make sense of and communicate race are acted upon by complex transnational forces. In recent years, there has been a growing interest among critical intercultural communication scholars to theorize race and ethnicity as social constructions and relations of power, but this theorization has mostly happened in the U.S. and Western contexts. The transnational and globalized dimensions of race and ethnicity still largely remain under studied (Shome, 2010). Tomlinson (2007) points out that, under the conditions of contemporary globalization, the global-local dialectical relationship could be interpreted as the global’s entry into the local; the local’s identity in the global; and the “disembedding” of the local to the global. This global-local dialectical approach provides me with a conceptual lens to look at how race and ethnicity are constructed, understood, and communicated in the climate of today’s increasingly transnational world. In this dissertation, I use critical complete-member ethnography (CCME), as “an insider-looking-in-and-out-critical approach” (Toyosaki, 2011, p. 66), to study the racial and ethnic identity dis/reorientation process of Chinese international students in the U.S. Specifically, I used ethnographic observations, interviews, and autoethnographic journaling as my research methods to examine the direct, subjective, and embodied experiences of my 13 participants and myself, negotiate and make sense of their-our new racial and ethnic identities upon entering a global-local dialectical context in the U.S. I strategically categorize my analysis into “disorientation” and “reorientation” from a critical intercultural perspective, and use CCME’s consensual-conflictual and cultural-individual dialectical theorizations to study their-our dis/reorientation processes. My findings reveal that Chinese international students’ previous “Chinese” racial and ethnic identity become invalid and even problematic in the U.S. context. We often find ourselves struggling with sentiments of exhaustion, cynicism, and nihilism (Warren & Fassett, 2012), and interconnected yet ambivalent double consciousness such as insider–outsider, Chinese-–people of color, and majority–minority in the racial and ethnic identity dis/reorientation processes. In my findings, it is clear that Chinese international students have experienced and formed a similar sense of uncomfortable-ness, lost-ness, and struggle in our racial and ethnic disorientation process when we enter the U.S. context from the Chinese context. My participants all reported that after they were geographically relocated in the U.S., they have gone through the phase of being lost and confused because they were unable to find or construct a new racial and ethnic selfhood that made them immediately fit into the U.S. society. After their initial transition and adjustment, they reported experiencing certain forms of racial and ethnic discrimination in the U.S. that they had never faced in China. These lived and embodied discriminatory experiences in the U.S., which often turned out to be very direct, uncomfortable and stressful, forced them to consciously disorient their normative identity and reorient themselves to becoming a racial and ethnic minority for the first time in their lives. At the same time, they felt that the new and transformative outcome they reoriented to was a temporary state rather than a permanent identity. As a result, most of them became more open-minded, and felt the need to keep constantly reorienting their sense of their racial and ethnic identities, meanings, and presences in the U.S. My findings demonstrate that contemporary globalization not only produces different interpretations of race and ethnicity, it also constantly alters possibilities and conditions of our real racial and ethnic experiences in the world. As we try to respond to racial and ethnic issues and crises in today’s transnational world, simply recognizing that race and ethnicity are socially constructed rather than biologically innate does not make racial and ethnic conflicts and problems easier to solve. The relative nature of race and ethnicity in different local and global contexts are far more intricate than we ever imagined. Therefore, it is necessary and useful to study how race and ethnicity are understood and communicated through the direct, embodied, and performative experiences of non-Western and non-White bodies in transnational and globalized contexts. This study also shows the possibility that might lie in pushing the concept of race and ethnicity beyond the hegemony of the ways it is understood and deployed in the U.S. and other Western cultural and social contexts. In this regard, this study opens up a constructive approach for critical intercultural scholarship to more effectively engage in understanding and communicating race and ethnicity in the global-local dialectical context of globalization.

No description available.

This research work deals with the design and optimization of a large composite structure. In design of large structural systems, it is customary to divide the problem into many smaller independent/semi-independent local design problems. For example, the wing structure design problem is decomposed into several local panel design problem. The use of composite necessitates the inclusion of ply angles as design variables. These design variables are discrete in nature because of manufacturing constraint. The multilevel approach results into a nonblended solution with no continuity of laminate layups across the panels. The nonblended solution is not desirable because of two reasons. First, the structural integrity of the whole system is questionable. Second, even if there is continuity to some extent, the manufacturing process ends up being costlier. In this work, we develop a global local design methodology to design blended composite laminates across the whole structural system. The blending constraint is imposed via a guide based approach within the genetic algorithm optimization scheme. Two different blending schemes are investigated, outer and inner blending. The global local approach is implemented for a complex composite wing structure design problem, which is known to have a strong global local coupling. To reduce the computational cost, the originally proposed local one dimensional search is replaced by an intuitive local improvement operator. The local panels design problem arises in global/local wing structure design has a straight edge boundary condition. A postbuckling analysis module is developed for such panels with applied edge displacements. A parametric study of the effects of flexural and inplane stiffnesses on the design of composite laminates for optimal postbuckling performance is done. The design optimization of composite laminates for postbuckling strength is properly formulated with stacking sequence as design variables. Next, we formulate the stacking sequence design (fiber orientation angle of the layers) of laminated composite flat panels for maximum supersonic flutter speed and maximum thermal buckling capacity. The design is constrained so that the behavior of the panel in the vicinity of the flutter boundary should be limited to stable limit cycle oscillation. A parametric study is carried out to investigate the tradeoff between designs for thermal buckling and flutter. In an effort to include the postbuckling constraint into the multilevel design optimization of large composite structure, an alternative cheap methodology for predicting load paths in postbuckled structure is presented. This approach being computationally less expensive compared to full scale nonlinear analysis can be used in conjunction with an optimizer for preliminary design of large composite structure with postbuckling constraint. This approach assumes that the postbuckled stiffness of the structure, though reduced considerably, remains linear. The analytical expressions for postbuckled stiffness are given in a form that can be used with any commercially available linear finite element solver. Using the developed approximate load path prediction scheme, a global local design approach is developed to design large composite structure with blending and local postbuckling constraints. The methodology is demonstrated via a composite wing box design with blended laminates. / Ph. D.

No description available.