O direito à saúde abriga um feixe de atribuições, dentre elas encontra-se a assistência farmacêutica. Atualmente, as ações judiciais de medicamentos funcionam como via alternativa ao acesso pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. Este tipo de ação tem como objeto tanto os medicamentos previstos na rede pública como aqueles não incorporados ao sistema público. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a desprogramação causada pelo fornecimento de medicamentos não padronizados e consequentemente não previstos no orçamento público aprovado, sendo custeados pelos cofres públicos em razão das demandas judiciais. O trabalho aborda o tema por uma perspectiva que evidencia a lógica da Assistência Farmacêutica federal. / The right to health houses a bundle of tasks, among which is pharmaceutical care. Currently, lawsuits involving medicines work as an alternative access to the Sistema Único de Saúde. This type of legal action has as object both drugs provided in the public system and those not incorporated into the public system. This study aimed to analyze the deprogramming caused by nonstandard drug supply and therefore not included in the approved government budget, being funded by the public purse because of lawsuits. This paper addresses the issue from a perspective that emphasizes the logic of public pharmaceutical care.

Fiscal reports have, since 2010, documented weak budget credibility in Sierra Leone public financial management noting that the government budget does not constitute a dependable framework for the planning, allocation and efficient use of the nation's resources. The purpose of this study was to develop a budgetary reform agenda and the research question that guided the study related to the reasons for the high monetary variances between the approved budget and the year-end financial reports. Government budgets and financial reports were reviewed for 2010-2014 and senior government officials were interviewed regarding the main stages of the annual budgetary process. The new public management model constituted the overarching conceptual foundation based on a qualitative case study of 7 government ministries and the House of Parliament. The baseline criteria for efficient government budgeting developed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development served as the analytical framework from which four themes were established to analyze the planning, preparation, approval and the execution of the annual budget. The main finding was that the government's budget exhibited a lack of credibility given the significant variances between the budget and the actual outcomes; and the ineffective role of the legislature. As part of the financial management reforms needed, the government would have to rewrite the budget law and recruit experienced staff to strengthen the legislative budgetary function. These changes could contribute to the enhancement of value in the government's use of taxpayers' monies, causing improved economic and financial reporting and thereby promoting positive social change for the people of Sierra Leone.

台灣由於特殊的地理位置，所以地震、颱風等巨災所造成之損失時有所聞。這些巨災除造成交通、農業等經濟損失，更造成人員傷亡、房屋倒塌，也在每個人心中都刻畫難以抹滅的傷痛。為了因應這些巨災帶來的損失，台灣政府撥出許多補助費用予死傷及失蹤人民或其家屬，也提供某些房屋損失的補助。巨災不只危害個人，也同樣衝擊政府財政。 本文以台灣的地震風險為研究對象，並將地震損失劃分為經濟損失與財政損失。經濟損失泛指因地震所造成之一切直接損失，財政損失係指政府因災後所需之賑災與重建經費。因此本文不僅考慮地震所帶來的直接損失，同時也涵蓋政府對於災後的各項補助措施，以完整描述地震全面性的影響範圍。除描述地震整體影響外，本文另設計三種政府預算保險（比例式、自負額、給付最高額度與自負額並行等）作為風險管理機制。模擬說明有無風險管理機制輔助之下對地震損失所帶來之影響及其差異，可從中分析此保險的成本和效益。 本文主要使用國家地震工程研究中心提供之一般建築物損失資料表，輔以中央政府各主管機關對於其下轄業務範圍內之損失統計年報，從中取得因地震所造成之損失統計資料，例如傷亡與失蹤人數、房屋倒塌數、交通損失以及農業損失等，來建立損失模型。損失模型之建立係以模擬出之一般建築物損失為基礎，用迴歸分析評估其與其他損失之相關性，再建立其他損失模型。 本文之分析說明政府若能落實巨災風險管理，將產生極大的利益，在減少社會經濟損失方面尤為顯著。巨災風險管理是正面且必要之事，無論是住宅地震保險基金或政府預算保險，依初始規劃角度來看，政府皆扮演風險管理者的角色。 / Taiwan is usually hit and hurt by some natural catastrophes several times in a year due to its special location. Natural catastrophes brought not only losses of personal properties, agricultural products, and infrastructures but also casualties that brought painful, lasting feelings. In order to deal with the losses caused by natural catastrophes, Taiwan government released significant amount of consolation money for the dead, missing, and injured people. The government also compensate for some house losses. Catastrophes affect not only the private sector economy but also the public finance. This paper focuses on the impacts of the earthquake risk on economic losses and public finance losses of Taiwan. The economic losses include all reported losses while the public finance losses reflect the expenses paid for the post-disaster need, including disaster relief and reconstruction. Considering both the economic losses and public finance losses give us a better-informed picture about the consequences of natural catastrophes. After establishing the models for various types of losses, we analyze how government budget insurances can mitigate the natural catastrophe risks. We employ simulations to display the differences in the loss distributions with and without the insurance. The costs and benefits of the insurance can then be analyzed. Our model of the earthquake risk is based upon the scenario output generated by a model of the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering of Taiwan. We coupled the scenarios and official statistics on the earthquake losses to construct the building loss model. The models for other types of losses are then established using regression analyses. The above analyses demonstrate how the risk management on natural catastrophes taken by the government can benefit Taiwan. The benefits on the economic losses of the society are particularly apparent. Catastrophe risk management is positive and necessary. The Taiwan Residential Earthquake Insurance Fund and government budget insurance are the measures for the risk manager - the government.

In the present round table, leading specialists in Labour Law, Administrative Law and Constitutional Law comment the Peruvian Constitutional Court’s decision on case files 0003-2013-PI/TC, 0004-2013-PI/TC y 0023-2013-PI/TC. This decision addresses the prohibition of collective bargaining on remunerations in the public sector. / En la presente mesa redonda, destacados especialistas en Derecho Laboral, Derecho Administrativo y Derecho Constitucional comentan la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional peruano recaída en los Expedientes 0003-2013-PI/TC, 0004-2013-PI/TC y 0023-2013-PI/TC. Esta sentencia aborda el tema de la prohibición de la negociación colectiva en materia remunerativa en el sector público.

O direito à saúde abriga um feixe de atribuições, dentre elas encontra-se a assistência farmacêutica. Atualmente, as ações judiciais de medicamentos funcionam como via alternativa ao acesso pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. Este tipo de ação tem como objeto tanto os medicamentos previstos na rede pública como aqueles não incorporados ao sistema público. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a desprogramação causada pelo fornecimento de medicamentos não padronizados e consequentemente não previstos no orçamento público aprovado, sendo custeados pelos cofres públicos em razão das demandas judiciais. O trabalho aborda o tema por uma perspectiva que evidencia a lógica da Assistência Farmacêutica federal. / The right to health houses a bundle of tasks, among which is pharmaceutical care. Currently, lawsuits involving medicines work as an alternative access to the Sistema Único de Saúde. This type of legal action has as object both drugs provided in the public system and those not incorporated into the public system. This study aimed to analyze the deprogramming caused by nonstandard drug supply and therefore not included in the approved government budget, being funded by the public purse because of lawsuits. This paper addresses the issue from a perspective that emphasizes the logic of public pharmaceutical care.

Contributing to the contentious debate on the relationship between sovereign debt and economic growth, I examine the role of theory-driven (non-)sustainable debt-ratios in combination with debt-ratio thresholds on economic growth. Based on both dynamic and non-dynamic panel data analyses in the euro area (EA) 12 countries over the period 1970-2013, I find that non-sustainable debt-ratios above and below the 60% threshold, have a detrimental effect on short-run economic growth, while sustainable debt-ratios below the 90% threshold exert a positive influence on short-run economic growth. In the long-run, both non-sustainable and sustainable debt-ratios above the 90% threshold, as well as non-sustainable debt-ratios below the 60% compromise economic growth. Robustness analysis supports these findings, and provides additional evidence of a positive effect of sustainable debt-ratios below the 60% threshold, as predicated by the Maastricht Treaty criterion, on (short- and long-run) economic growth. Overall, these results suggest that debt sustainability in addition to debt non-linearities should be considered simultaneously in the debt-growth nexus. In addition, the results indicate the importance of a timely reaction of fiscal policy in countries with non-sustainable debts, as implied by fiscal rules, in an attempt to ensure fiscal sustainability and, ultimately, promote long-run economic growth. (author's abstract) / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

Submitted by Henrique Yu Jiunn Wang (henriqueyjw@gmail.com) on 2015-09-21T21:41:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Intervenções fiscais em uma economia monetária- um estudo do caso brasileiro.pdf: 13075665 bytes, checksum: 460672073307c2ae8ff746ee1b17f376 (MD5) / Rejected by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br), reason: Henrique, Será necessário fazer alguns ajustes na formatação das primeiras páginas de seu trabalho, pois não não está de acordo com as normas da ABNT. Encaminharemos as orientações por e-mail. Att on 2015-09-21T22:15:38Z (GMT) / Submitted by Henrique Yu Jiunn Wang (henriqueyjw@gmail.com) on 2015-09-21T23:15:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Intervenções fiscais em uma economia monetária- um estudo do caso brasileiro.pdf: 13079987 bytes, checksum: 7b8cba8ba1620901c7863edbd398d23c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2015-09-21T23:18:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Intervenções fiscais em uma economia monetária- um estudo do caso brasileiro.pdf: 13079987 bytes, checksum: 7b8cba8ba1620901c7863edbd398d23c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-22T13:56:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Intervenções fiscais em uma economia monetária- um estudo do caso brasileiro.pdf: 13079987 bytes, checksum: 7b8cba8ba1620901c7863edbd398d23c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-25 / In this study, we consider an economy where the determination of fiscal and monetary policies are subject to the budget constraint of the government, seen as a consolidated agent that incorporates the executive and the central bank. We study how changes in the growth rate and composition of government liabilities (currency and governmental bonds) affect prices, interest rates, and economic activity. We are particularly interested in analyzing how these effects are affected by changes in the relative liquidity of government bonds. A central result of this work is that increases in the degree of liquidity of government bonds positively affect economic activity and the financing of public debt. We describe this last aspect with an example reflecting the case of the Brazilian economy. / Neste estudo consideramos uma economia onde a determinação das políticas fiscais e monetárias estão sujeitas à restrição orçamentária do governo, visto como um agente consolidado que incorpora o executivo e o banco central. Nós estudamos como mudanças na taxa de crescimento e na composição do passivo governamental (moeda e títulos) afetam preços, juros, e atividade econômica. Estamos particularmente interessados em analisar como estes efeitos são afetados por mudanças na liquidez relativa dos títulos públicos. Um resultado central deste trabalho é que aumentos no grau de liquidez dos títulos públicos afetam positivamente a atividade econômica e o financiamento da dívida pública. Descrevemos este último aspecto com um exemplo refletindo o caso da economia brasileira.

This thesis is focused on the comparison of methods of financing budget deficits and national debt management in the Czech Republic with other OECD countries in the context of the current situation on the global financial market. The first part describes the methods of financing budget deficits in the Czech Republic which are compared with selected OECD countries. The second part is aimed at the impact of foreign exchange interventions of the Czech National Bank on the domestic bond market and it is compared with negative interest rates policy. The last part analyses the impact of the Public Sector Purchase Programme on the Czech Republic's bond market. The thesis implies that besides other factors, foreign exchange intervention of the Czech National Bank have an impact on the current situation on the bond market. While the impact of the programme PSPP has not yet proved.

The goal of this thesis is to analyse church property restitutions and overall relations between state and churches in Czech. This issue is up to date not only from economic policy perspective. Church restitutions and its appropriateness is also the core topic in currently public discussion. For analytical part purposes are in theoretical part discussed several theories: theory of interest groups, rent-seeking, theoretical concept of church financing and basic theories from economics of religion. In analytical part is the core analysis of church restitutions and their consequences for government budgets itself. In this part is also analysis of property relations between state and churches from historical development to present-day situation. Than is discuss the Act No. 428/2012 Sb. It has been demonstrated many problematic aspects of this act like high non- transparency, inequality before the law and strong influence of interest groups. Financial analysis concluded that positive impact of the act will be not sooner than in 50- 60 years.

The presented thesis examines the process of adoption of new constitutional rule - debt brake - into german Grundgesetz. Germany attempts to establish the debt brake not only on European level, but also recommends other EU states to accept it. The goal of this thesis is to descripe and evaluate the process which has led up to acceptance of the debt brake as one of potential solutions to stop the excessively growing indebtedness and which has been by far influenced by the work of II. commision for federalism reform. The thessis strives to answer the questions if there was political, expert and social agreement on the issue, how does it influence budget sovereignty of the federal lands and if it really can be an effective instrument in the effort for stopping of indebtness increase, alternatively if it brings any effect even before it came into force, for example in the form of preparing of the budgets for 2016 and 2020 respectivelly. One part of the thesis is dedicated to Swiss debt brake, which served as a model for the german one, especially in terms of it's functionality. Even though it is complicated to evaluate the debt brake before it came into force, the results of the thesis showed for example the problematic nature of the relation between debt brake in the Grundgesetz and individual...