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Submitted by Ana Carla Almeida (ana.almeida@ucsal.br) on 2016-09-14T18:25:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Rosa Maria da Motta Azambuja.pdf: 2819041 bytes, checksum: 4677b8cfdae44c7a23d911e11603be00 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Emília Carvalho Ribeiro (maria.ribeiro@ucsal.br) on 2016-09-15T21:40:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Rosa Maria da Motta Azambuja.pdf: 2819041 bytes, checksum: 4677b8cfdae44c7a23d911e11603be00 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-15T21:40:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Rosa Maria da Motta Azambuja.pdf: 2819041 bytes, checksum: 4677b8cfdae44c7a23d911e11603be00 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-04 / Agência 1 / Este estudo toma como objeto o cuidar dos avós visto pelos netos em idade escolar tendo como base a Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano. Entre os núcleos apresentados na teoria, priorizou-se a análise da pessoa, processo, contexto e tempo observados na interação entre a díade. Com o objetivo de compreender as circunstâncias vinculares e os posicionamentos recíprocos entre avós-netos, focalizando a visão dos netos, a partir do contexto bio-sócio-histórico, realizou-se estudos de casos múltiplos em uma escola particular de classe média na cidade do Salvador, Bahia, Brasil e que oferece sistema de bolsa para alunos filhos dos funcionários de baixa renda. Participaram do estudo seis crianças, três estudantes do sexo feminino e três do sexo masculino, na faixa etária de 6 a 9 anos de idade, de classe média e três de classe baixa de ambos os sexos do Ensino Fundamental juntamente com suas avós. A partir de questões básicas acerca do modo como os netos percebem o significado de seu relacionamento com os avós cuidadores e como as relações intergeracionais podem ser diferentes em função do gênero quanto ao desenvolvimento e formação pessoal e social dos netos, realizou-se quatro procedimentos: entrevista com os netos, utilizando instrumentos da perspectiva educacional (roda de conversa e álbum de imagens) e a análise da interação avósnetos a partir de instrumentos da teoria sistêmica (jogo compartilhado) e psicopedagógica (caixa lúdica). Os principais resultados apontam que o significado dos avós segundo o olhar das crianças varia de acordo com o tipo de convivência: para os netos de tempo integral, os avós são vistos como cuidadores, para os do tipo sistemático, como companheiros; e para os esporádicos, brincalhões. Há diferença nas relações intergeracionais em função de gênero: enquanto as avós realizam atividades em espaços internos, como jogo educativo e eletrônico, os avôs preferem os espaços externos, como jogo de salão, futebol na praia para interagir com os netos. Deste modo, compreender a criança como membro da família e como objeto de cuidado corresponde a uma visão de desenvolvimento como molar, em que, para as crianças, o cuidar envolve uma articulação estreita com a convivência e a interação. / This study takes as its focus grandparent caregivers as seen by schoolchildren, based on the Bioecological Theory of Human Development. This theory assumes the standpoint of the analysis of the person, process, context and time, by observing the interaction between the dyad adult/child. In order to understand the bonding circumstances and reciprocal positions between grandparents and grandchildren, through the eyes of grandchildren and based on the bio-socio-historical context, multiple case studies were performed in a private school with middle- and low-income students, located in the city of Salvador. The study, submitted and approved by the Committee of Ethics in Research, included six elementary school students, three female and three male, between the ages of six and nine years, along with their grandparents. From basic questions about how the grandchildren view the significance of their relationship with grandparents, and how intergenerational relations with grandparents may differ by gender as to the development of personal and social education, four procedures were performed: interviews with the grandchildren using instruments of educational perspective (circle of conversation and album of images); and analyses of the interaction between grandparents and grandchildren using psycho-pedagogic instruments (game boxes) and those of systems theory (shared game). The main results show that the meaning of grandparents varies according to the mode of co-habitation, for the full-time caring for grandchildren, the grandparents were seen as caretakers; for the systematic, as companions; and the sporadic, as pranksters. There was a difference in intergenerational relationships according to gender: In order to interact with their grandchildren, women perform activities in internal spaces with educational and electronic games, while men prefer activities that occur in external spaces, such as parlor games or football on the beach. Thus, understanding the child as a family member and as the object of care corresponds to a vision of development as molar, in which, for the children, being taking care of involves close articulation with coexistence and interaction.

Parental death can have a negative impact on children’s lives with changes in economic resources, and lead to change in residence, loss of contact with friends and neighbors, change in caretakers, and loss of time with the surviving parent. Research on the effects of a grandparent’s death on children is limited. Death of a sibling signifies the loss of a role model, friend, confidante, and playmate. The purpose of this correlational study was to identify: 1) differences in the spiritual coping strategies used by children across age groups, gender, race/ethnicity, participation in religious rituals and practices, and the relationship of the deceased to the child (parent, grandparent or sibling), and 2) the relationship between children’s use of spiritual coping strategies and grief, personal growth, anxiety, and depression after the death, with and without controls for child’s age, gender, race/ethnicity, participation in religious rituals and practices, and relationship of the deceased to the child. A sample of 97 children, 8 to 18 years old and 64% Hispanic completed the Spiritual Coping Strategies Scale, Hogan Inventory of Bereavement, Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale, and Child Depression Inventory, and their parents completed a demographic form. Children who participated in religious rituals after the death used less religious coping strategies than children who did not participate. When child’s age, gender, race/ethnicity, participation in religious rituals and practices, and relationship of the deceased were controlled, greater use of spiritual coping, but not religious coping, and greater grief were significantly related to greater personal growth and greater anxiety. Younger children and Black children had significantly greater anxiety. Only grief was significantly related to depression. Children who experienced the death of a parent, grandparent, or sibling had similar outcomes. The results of this pioneer study will add knowledge to the state of the science regarding the effects of children’s spiritual coping after parent, grandparent, or sibling death on their grief, personal growth, and mental health which is a subject area were very little is known.

No description available.

It is assumed that a parenting role by a grandparent or grandparents has been tied to life events, Such as divorce or the death of their own children. The parent was no longer in the picture and the grandparent stepped in to care for the children. Although this pattern has by no means disappeared, society is now seeing more and more cases of dysfunctional parents who are unable or unwilling to raise their own children who are therefore being raised by the grandparent. relative caregivers such as grandparents.

Thesis (M Social Work (Social Work))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / An exploratory study with a descriptive design has been used in order to get more information and insight about the tendency of grandmothers as kinship caregiver (family foster parent) for their grandchildren. The researcher became aware of the increase in the use of the grandmother as a kinship caregiver, as well as the shortage of literature in South Africa. The abovementioned aspects lead to the motivation for the study. The experience of the grandmother in Kayamandi as kinship caregiver was studied. The aim of the study is to provide guidelines to social workers for service rendering to grandmothers as kinship caregivers. The literature study gave a historical overview of foster care and kinship care in both the United States of America (USA) and South Africa. Foster care was described as a process: from preventative services to permanency planning. Specific attention was given to the grandmother as kinship caregiver. As the literature in the USA focused on the Afro-American, it was decided to do the study in Kayamandi, where the grandmother as kinship caregiver is mostly isiXhosa-speaking. The sample consists out of 15 grandparents who are either Afrikaans or English speaking. The mixed methodology design model was used by mixing qualitative as well as quantitative research: structured interviews based on structured questionnaires. The study enabled the researcher to draw up a profile of the grandmother as kinship caregiver as well as the family foster child in Kayamandi. The results of the literature confirmed the results of the study; the experience of the grandmother as kinship caregiver is marked with mixed feelings, but is overall a positive experience. The recommendations focused on three areas; the grandmother, the grandchild and the experience of the grandmother as kinship caregiver. The central theme for both grandmother and grandchild was the need for support. It is recommended that future research focus on the development of support programs aimed specifically at grandparents as kinship caregivers.

為瞭解祖孫家庭類型（非同居型、三代同堂型及隔代教養型）、孫子女依附風格、祖父母管教方式（反應及要求）、孫子女管教滿意度（反應及要求）、祖父母性別、祖父母年齡、孫子女性別、血緣關係、父母親與祖父母關係、祖父母身體健康情形、祖孫接觸頻率及地理接近等因素對祖孫關係的影響，以國中　246 人（內含非同居型祖孫家庭孫子女　100 人、三代同堂型祖孫家庭孫子女 71 人、及隔代教養家庭孫子女 75 人為研究對象，經運用祖孫關係量表、依附風格量表、及祖父母管教方式及滿意度量表等研究工具，獲得所需資料，再以χ²考驗、多元逐步迴歸分析、典型相關分析等統計方法進行分析。結果發現： 1.整體而言，對孫子女影響最大的祖父母其類型依序為（父系）祖母、 （母系）祖母、（父系）祖父、（母系）祖父。 2.不同祖孫家庭中，孫子女認為最具有影響力的祖父母並不一樣。在「非同居型」祖孫家庭中，（母系）祖母最具影響力，但在「三代同堂型」及「隔代教養型」祖孫家庭中，影響力最大的是（父系）祖父母。 3.青少年孫子女和祖父母最常作的活動，依次是閒聊、清潔打掃作家事、討論事情、拜訪親戚、購物、散步、回顧照片、戶外運動或旅遊、下廚、宗教事宜、爭執吵架、照顧小寵物、唱歌、玩遊戲、園藝、釣魚、及閱讀刊物等。 4.祖孫活動會隨孫子女性別、祖孫家庭類型不同而有所差異。 5.祖孫家庭類型、孫子女依附風格、祖父母管教方式及孫子女管教滿意度、祖父母性別、祖父母年齡、祖父母與父母親關係、祖父母身體健康情形、接觸頻率及地理接近性等變項，能有效預測孫子女對祖父母各方面表現的評價。預測力較高的有滿意度指標、成功指標、及教導指標；而預測力較低的則有困難、挫折、及訊息需求等指標。 6.祖孫家庭類型、孫子女依附風格、祖父母管教方式及孫子女管教語意度、祖父母性別、祖父母年齡、祖父母與父母親關係、祖父母身體健康情形、接觸頻率及地理接近性等變項，能有效的解釋孫子女所知覺的祖父母行為表現，解釋量佔總變異量的 31.26%。

This study explored the caregiving styles of 306 grandparents raising grandchild across three ethnic groups (164 European Americans, 65 Latinos, and 77 African Americans). Significant differences were found in caregiving styles between European Americans and African Americans. Caregiver appraisal (burden, satisfaction, and Mastery) was found to be predictive of caregiving style across the entire sample, and differentially by ethnic group. Caregiver style was predictive of grandchild functioning across the entire sample, and differentially by ethnic group. Lastly, caregiver style was found to be predictive of grandparent well-being across the entire sample, and differentially by ethnic group. Implications are discussed in terms of the complex, multidimensional and culturally embedded nature of the caregiving experience and the importance of considering culture for optimal outcomes.

MPH / Department of Public Health / The phenomenon of grandparents raising their grandchildren is not new in different parts of the world. It has been noted that taking up a parental role has become the norm for grandparents, especially the grandmothers. This study aimed to explore the experiences of grandmothers in raising their grandchildren in Thohoyandou. Specifically, it aimed to establish the reasons why grandmothers in Thohoyandou are involved in raising their grandchildren, to identify and describe the challenges experienced by grandmothers in raising their grandchildren in Thohoyandou and finally, to establish the coping mechanism being used by these grandmothers to address the challenges being experienced by them. The study was conducted in Thohoyandou Block J which is situated in Thulamela municipality in Limpopo Province, South Africa. A qualitative method using an interpretative phenomenological approach was used. Ten grandmothers who were raising their grandchildren were selected through snowball sampling method. The researcher sought the help of a home-base care worker at Muledane clinic to have access to the first grandmother after which the remaining grandmothers were referred by the known participant. Individual in-depth interviews were used to get information from them, using an interview guide. Each grandmother signed a consent form and then gave permission for the interview to be audio-recorded. Pseudo name were used in order to protect the participants. Data were transcribed verbatim, coded into themes and sub-themes using inductive thematic analysis. Themes that emerged include, changes in grandmothers’ role, feeling towards the role change, socio-economic factors that affect care-giving grandmothers, health of grandmothers, strategies for better living. Findings revealed that different reasons exist which made grandmothers to take up the responsibility of raising their grandchildren, grandmothers are affected negatively in their caregiving role and their main source of income are the child-support and pension grant (for those that are eligible).

No description available.