Studiens syfte är att öka kunskapen om brukarinflytandet och dess förutsättningar inom socialtjänstens missbruks- och beroende-handläggning, detta genom att utforska hur socialsekreterare inom missbruksenheter uppfattar förutsättningarna till brukarinflytande på individnivå. Detta baserat på sex kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer med socialsekreterare från fyra olika kommuner i Stockholms län. Urvalet har varit målstyrt och således har kontakt tagits med adekvat enhet inom dessa kommuners socialtjänstkontor för att bäst besvara vår forskningsfråga.Intervjumaterialet har bearbetats genom tematisk analys med hermeneutisk meningstolkning för att sedan analyseras vidare med teorin Empowerment och det teoretiska begreppet gräsrotsbyråkrat. Vi har också använt oss av den teoretiska modellen brukardialogmodellen och dess begreppsapparat i en avslutande analyssammanfattning. Dessa val av teoretiska utgångspunkter för analysen har genomförts efter materialinsamling och har agerat som tolkningsverktyg med den referensram de erbjuder.Studien har visat att de intervjuade socialsekreterarna uppfattar en mängd återkommande och betydande förutsättningar för brukarinflytande på individnivå, inom socialtjänstens missbruksenheter för vuxna. Dessa har kategoriserats i tre huvudteman som vi benämnt socialsekreterarens verklighet, allians och brukarens verklighet. Dessa tre teman är tre dimensioner av de förutsättningar som finns för brukarinflytandet och vad som påverkar det. Det har även varit tydligt att förhandling är något som sker i men också mellan dessa tre teman, likt det lim som fogar ihop det till en helhet. Socialsekreterarna har beskrivit dels den verklighet de själva står inför i sin myndighet med de organisatoriska förutsättningar som står till buds, dels brukarnas verklighet i mötet med socialtjänsten och den situation de befinner sig i. Dessa två verkligheter behöver, enligt socialsekreterarna, tas i beaktan och genom olika relationella och kommunikativa egenskaper behöver en allians uppstå mellan parterna för att möjliggöra en konstruktiv förhandling om inflytandet. / The aim of the study is to increase knowledge about user influence and its prerequisites within the social services' addiction and dependency management, this by exploring how social workers in the substance abuse units perceive the conditions for user influence at the individual level. This is based on six qualitative, semi-structured interviews with social workers from four different municipalities in Stockholm County. The selection has been goal-driven and thus contact has been made with an adequate unit within these municipalities' social services offices to best answer our research question.The interview material has been processed through thematic analysis with hermeneutic sentence interpretation to then be analyzed further with the theory Empowerment and the theoretical concept of Street-level bureaucrat. We have also used the theoretical model of the user dialogue model and its conceptual apparatus in a concluding analysis summary. The choices of theoreticalstarting points for the analysis have been made after material collection have functioned as interpretivetools with the frame of reference they offer.The study has shown that the interviewed social secretaries perceive a variety of recurring and significant conditions that affect user influence at the individual level, within the social services' addiction and dependency units for adults. In our thematic analysis, these conditions have been categorized into three main themes that we have called the social worker's reality, alliance, and the user's reality. These three themes are three dimensions of the conditions that exist for user influence and what affects it. It has also been clear that negotiation is something that takes place in but also between these three themes, like the glue that joins it together into a whole. The social secretaries have described, on the one hand, the reality they themselves face in their authority with the organizational conditions that are available, partly the user’s reality in the meeting with the social services and the situation they are in. These two realities, according to the social secretaries, needs to be considered and through different relational and communicative characteristics, an alliance needs to emerge between the parties to allow for a constructive negotiation about the influence.

This essay discusses the relationship between the employees at Swedish municipalities working at labor market units and their participants. The aim is to understand how their big room for action affects how they see their role and what this does to the help they are able to give the participants. The aim is also to give insight into how other organizations play a role in the creation of trust between the participants and the employees. This is done by breaking down the aim in two different questions: Question 1: How do the employees in labor market interventions view their service based on their room for action within the business and how does this affect their relationship with the client? Question 2: How do the employees use their room for action to help the participants orient themselves in the authority landscape? The data has been collected using a qualitative method and interviews with ten employees at four municipalities have been conducted. The theories used are aspects from the following theories: emotion sociology, professionalism and grassroots bureaucrats. The main findings are that the employees use their own personal life and personalities to make connections with the participants. They go outside of the realm of their job if they think it will help the participants and every employee makes a distinction in where to draw the line regarding what is part of their job.

Bakgrund: Studier visar att unga män har svårt för att sätta ord på sina känslor och att socialt konstruerade normer hindrar dem från att söka hjälp. Samtidigt påvisar studier att skolkuratorer har för många elever vilket begränsar hanterbarheten och handlingsutrymmet att arbeta förebyggande och främjande. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka de utmaningar och möjligheter som kuratorer på gymnasiet identifierar för att fånga upp killar som de bedömer vara i riskzon för psykisk ohälsa, med fokus på riskfaktorer, utmaningar och handlingsutrymme. Metod: Studien har utgått från en kvalitativ ansats. Fem semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med skolkuratorer på gymnasiet. Intervjuerna transkriberades och analyserades med tematisk analys. Resultat- & analysdelen framställdes utifrån insamlad empiri och presenterades sedan i relation till de teoretiska utgångspunkterna hegemonisk maskulinitetsteori och gräsrotsbyråkrati & handlingsutrymme samt tidigare forskning. Resultat: Studiens resultat visade att den psykiska ohälsan ökar och att frånvaro ses som den mest centrala riskfaktorn för psykisk ohälsa, men även underkända betyg och språkbarriärer. Studiens resultat påvisade även att fungerande rutiner är viktigt för att identifiera unga män i riskzon, samtidigt som upplevelsen att rutinerna ofta brister och att övrig skolpersonal behöver kompetenshöjas kring att se riskfaktorer. Upplevelsen var också att man som skolkurator inte räckte till.

Social workers in this study describes various experiences of the assessments of interventions for children and adolescents. Social workers experience of the many different situations where an assessment of best effort must be made on the basis of BBIC, which is the Social Services investigation records. To make this assessment, the Social workers need social assistance and support of their colleagues and manager. Knowledge mixed with experience is also an important part when it comes to being professional and not let emotions control that could otherwise be happened when the social worker meets and builds relationships with clients. Social workers are also those who will decide which achievement the client needs from the needs. We use systems theory, Hasenfeld´s theory of human services organizations  and Lipsky´s grassroots bureaucrats to analyze how social worker work with clients of different experiences, knowledge and some of their own personal values for the various operations. The efforts in our work we have examined is traditional familycare and MTFC (Multi dementional Treatment Foster Care), we have found that there are different arguments for different actions, but the assessments are made virtually the same assessment model. There are requirements that govern the operation of which is matched with the objectives and resources administration. Social worker also believes that social work is a game where we do not know how the results will be.

<p>Social workers in this study describes various experiences of the assessments of interventions for children and adolescents. Social workers experience of the many different situations where an assessment of best effort must be made on the basis of BBIC, which is the Social Services investigation records. To make this assessment, the Social workers need social assistance and support of their colleagues and manager. Knowledge mixed with experience is also an important part when it comes to being professional and not let emotions control that could otherwise be happened when the social worker meets and builds relationships with clients. Social workers are also those who will decide which achievement the client needs from the needs. We use systems theory, Hasenfeld´s theory of human services organizations  and Lipsky´s grassroots bureaucrats to analyze how social worker work with clients of different experiences, knowledge and some of their own personal values for the various operations. The efforts in our work we have examined is traditional familycare and MTFC (Multi dementional Treatment Foster Care), we have found that there are different arguments for different actions, but the assessments are made virtually the same assessment model. There are requirements that govern the operation of which is matched with the objectives and resources administration. Social worker also believes that social work is a game where we do not know how the results will be.</p>