Drawing on perspectives from stakeholder, resource dependence, institutional and the resource based theories and using a multiple-case inductive study, this research reframes the drivers of corporate environmentalism in the context of developing and developed countries. Based on case analysis of 23 environmentally responsive organizations in India and New Zealand, corporate environmentalism in this research has been operationalized as a two level construct. Organizations were categorized as being at first order responsiveness when they were observed to recognize the importance of the natural environment and exhibited attempts to decrease their impact on the natural environment through the adoption of programmes aimed at pollution reduction and prevention, decreased resource consumption and recycling of wastes. Organizations at second order responsiveness were observed to exhibit a higher order commitment in integrating environmental issues into their strategic decision making. This involved strategies such as green product development and initiating projects aimed at industrial ecology. Detailed within and cross case analysis revealed fundamental differences in the drivers that propel business organizations in developing and developed countries to be environmentally responsive at each level. The findings of this study reveal that lax enforcement of environmental regulations in developing countries implied that domestic regulations were not a driving factor for corporate environmentalism. Neither was pressure from consumers or communities reported to be a driving factor. Instead first order environmental responsiveness in organizations in developing countries was observed to be driven by pressure arising out of internationalization. Thus pressure from multinational organizational customers in developed countries and the institutional pressures imposed by the liability of foreignness (that arises when these firms set up subsidiaries in developed countries) drives first order responsiveness in the organizations in developing countries. However higher order environmental responsiveness in organizations in developing countries was observed to be associated with deep rooted identities and capabilities based in social responsiveness. In the context of business organizations in developed countries, the necessity to comply with stringently enforced domestic environmental regulations emerged as the primary driver for first order responsiveness. Societal expectations to comply with environmental regulations reinforce the regulatory drivers. Internationalization drives first order responsiveness in organizations in developed countries to the extent that the requirements of the host country are additional to and exceed current regulatory requirements in the parent country. Higher order corporate environmentalism in organizations in developed countries was observed to be associated with environmentally high impact organizations. Such organizations are considered environmental liabilities and are forced by stakeholders (with access to resource needed for continuity of operations) to exhibit higher order responsiveness or face a cancellation of the license to operate. The major contribution of this research lies in extending and reframing the existing theory about the drivers of corporate environmentalism.

The recently coined term, Impact Startup, and its rising popularity on the global scene proves its importance as a subject of research. As startups are considered key players in changing the status quo and breaking barriers, they are considered crucial in overcoming some of the most evident issues of today. Utilizing an approach based on previously validated content analysis methods, this study aims to shine a light on the relatively unexplored topic by identifying the key qualities of Impact Startups. Looking into how these organizations communicate about themselves and comparing the findings with the compiled theoretical definition of Impact Startups, we can evaluate the alignment of theory with practice and gain a deeper understanding of the trending phenomenon. Finding that Impact Startups should effectively change the social and/or environmental status quo we conclude that they should be categorized as, Social Impact Startups, Environmental Startups, and Total Impact Startups. Further results of this investigation highlight the importance of distinguishing between Mature Impact Organizations and Impact Startups. This study contributes extensively to the understanding we have of Impact Startups and lays the foundation for further research and establishing legitimate qualifications of Impact.

La presente tesis tiene como propósito lograr un Modelo de Negocio de Implementación de Electrolineras en la ciudad de Lima que pueda ser efectuado por las distintas distribuidoras de Energía Eléctrica Renovable, para lo cual se demostró su viabilidad y rentabilidad. La coyuntura internacional está demostrando un creciente interés hacia la conservación del medio ambiente. Esta preocupación común de las sociedades del mundo viene originando, de la mano con la tecnología, proyectos de gran beneficio en materia ecológica, principalmente en el campo del electro movilidad. Nuestra ciudad viene siendo testigo de estos cambios con la reciente aparición de vehículos menores de motor eléctrico como motos, bicimotos y scooters. Sin embargo, la realidad del transporte limeño exige soluciones de mayor envergadura como la adopción de vehículos eléctricos para transporte público y privado. Esta tendencia que viene cobrando fuerza a nivel sudamericano ha despertado el interés del estado peruano, que viene implementando un marco normativo para impulsar el crecimiento del mercado de vehículos eléctricos y la infraestructura necesaria para su desempeño. En este contexto surge la necesidad de implementar puntos de abastecimiento de recargas eléctricas, denominadas comercialmente como electrolineras, que contribuya con el inminente cambio de transporte mundial en el que nuestra ciudad necesita incorporarse. Es menester nuestro, en el marco de la innovación que impulsa nuestra casa educativa, desarrollar una propuesta de negocio viable, ecológica y con miras al futuro que nos merecemos. / The purpose of this tesis is to propose an EV Charging Station Business Model in the city of Lima that can be implemented by any of the distributors of Renewable Electric Power, for which their viability and profitability would be demonstrated. The international situation is showing us a growing interest in environmental conservation. This common concern of the societies arround the world has originated, side by side with technology, projects of great benefit in ecological matters, mainly in the field of electro mobility. Our city has witnessed these changes with the recent entry of smaller electric motor vehicles such as motorcycles, bicycles and scooters. However, the reality of Lima transportation requires a better solution such as the adoption of electric vehicles for public and private transportation. This trend that has been gaining strength into South America, has aroused the interest of the Peruvian state, which has been implementing a regulatory normative to boost the growth of the electric vehicle market and the infrastructure necessary for its operation. In this context, there is a need to implement points of supply of electric recharges, commercially known as electrolineras, which contributes to the imminent change of world transport in which our city needs to be incorporated. For the previously exposed, we consider necessary, in this path of the innovation that our educational house is embrassing, to develop a viable and ecological business proposal according to the future that we deserve. / Trabajo de investigación

L'évolution du droit de l'environnement de l'Union européenne a conduit au développement d'un objectif nouveau qui vise à promouvoir l'éco-innovation et les modèles d'entreprise verts, afin de mettre en place une économie verte et circulaire. Ce nouvel objectif a eu des conséquences sur sa forme et son contenu. En effet, la forme du droit de l'Union européenne en matière d'environnement est dominée par des directives-cadres et présente une flexibilité accrue, tandis que son contenu intègre de nouveaux modèles d'entreprise, notamment le modèle d'entreprise circulaire. La transition vers une économie verte a également des conséquences sur la manière dont les États membres transposent le droit de l'environnement de l'Union européenne. Le processus de transposition est devenu un vecteur de commercialisation de l'éco-innovation sur le marché européen, associant des acteurs nouveaux à la prise de décision, à savoir : les éco-entreprises, les laboratoires de recherche et d'innovation, les pôles de compétitivité, les entreprises du numérique ou les investisseurs providentiels. / The evolution of the European Union environmental law has led to the development of a new goal that aims to promote eco-innovation and green business models, in order to create a green and circular economy. This new goal had consequences on its form and content. The form of the European Union environmental law is dominated by framework directives and presents increased flexibility, while its content integrates new business models, particularly the circular business model. Furthermore, the transition to a green economy has an impact on how Member States transpose the European Union environmental law. The transposition process has become a vector of commercializing eco-innovation on the European market, and brings together new stakeholders in the decision-making process, namely: green companies, research and innovation laboratories, clusters, digital companies or business angels.

In recent years several articles have been written concerning education in Bowling Green, Kentucky, but the writer has been unable to discover an article that has treated the development of education from the time Bowling Green was established until now. It is the motive of this study to trace the development of education from the time Bowling Green was established until the present time. Information for this thesis has been obtained from various sources, but the greater part of it has been secured through personal interviews, unpublished manuscripts, scrapbooks and histories.