Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O alto crescimento populacional tem desencadeado uma elevada ocupação das áreas urbanas com a expansão de edificações e estradas causando alterações no meio ambiente com a consequente minimização das áreas verdes e da infiltração de água no solo. Estes fenômenos acarretam problemas como enxurradas, inundações, aumento da temperatura local e diminuição da biodiversidade com inúmeros efeitos adversos, tanto econômicos quanto ambientais e sociais. Uma das alternativas para minimizar estes problemas é a construção de telhados verdes, que tem como uma das principais funções retardar o escoamento devido ao aumento da infiltração e retenção da água das chuvas atenuando o efeito avassalador das enchentes e das zonas de calor, principalmente em climas muito quentes, além de colaborar para recuperação de ecossistemas, através do replantio de mudas. Este projeto faz parte de um conjunto de ações integradas de cidadania e inclusão social na região hidrográfica da baixada de Jacarepaguá, especificamente envolvendo a Comunidade da Vila Cascatinha, em Vargem Grande, a fim de gerar subsídios para políticas públicas em áreas de assentamentos informais, integrado ao projeto HIDROCIDADES (CNPq, FAPERJ, FINEP), que visa a conservação da água em meios urbanos e periurbanos associado à cidadania, inclusão social e melhoria da qualidade de vida nas grandes cidades. Este trabalho utiliza uma tecnologia adaptada dos telhados verdes para edificação popular (telhado de fibrocimento) muito comum no Brasil, com o objetivo de verificar uma espécie com potencial de geração de renda (visando o social) de ecossistema regionais como restinga, em edificação; analisar o crescimento e biomassa da espécie de restinga cultivada em telhados; e avaliar qualidades das mídias em função do plantio em análise de armazenamento (retenção) de água no solo. A partir da metodologia empregada na implantação dos telhados verdes em habitações populares, os resultados obtidos são desenvolvimento da espécie Ipomoea pes caprae Brasiliensis, em três tipos de mídias de crescimento e também eficiência dessas mídias no escoamento superficial. Observou-se retenção de 69,24L de água para o bagaço de cana de açúcar e 64,7L para a fibra de coco. E foi observado também um retardo da ocorrência do pico de até 14 minutos no telhado vegetado em relação ao telhado controle (convencional). / The high rates of population growth has led to a dense occupancy of periferic urban areas with buildings and roads. This has caused changes in the environment with the consequent minimization of green areas and water infiltration into the soil. These phenomena have been favoring problems such as landslides, floods, temperature increase and local biodiversity decreasing with numerous adverse effects, both social-economic, and environmental. One alternative to minimize these problems is the construction of green roofs, which has as one of its main functions increase infiltration and retention of rainwater, alleviating the effects of floods and heat zones, especially in very hot climates, and contribute to ecosystem restoration. This research is part of a set of integrated actions of citizenship and social inclusion in the lowland of Jacarepaguá river basin, specifically involving the Community Vila Cascatinha in Vargem Grande, in order to generate support for public policy in areas of informal settlements, integrated HIDROCIDADES Project (CNPq / FAPERJ / FINEP), which aims to conserve water in urban and peri-urban areas associated with citizenship, social inclusion and the improvement of quality of life in big cities. This work uses an adapted technology for planting on roof tops of social interest habitations (fibercement tiles), very common in Brazil, aiming to verify a restinga local ecosystem species with potential for income generation increase (foccus on the social), as well as environmental compensation. It was analyzed the growth and biomass generation of the Ipomoea pes caprae Brasiliensis cultivated on roof top and assessed qualities of the growth media and its retention capacities. Retention of 69.24 liters of water on sugar cane bagasse and 64.7 L on coconut fiber applied as growth medias were observed. It was also observed a delay in the occurrence of the peak-flow of up to 14 minutes on the planted roof in comparison to the convetional roof top of fibercement tiles (non-planted).

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-01-05T13:09:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 9544233 bytes, checksum: 67a4854cf3a43adf8a531c196cbfb7d2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-05T13:09:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 9544233 bytes, checksum: 67a4854cf3a43adf8a531c196cbfb7d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Green areas of the city are occupied increasingly by buildings and waterproofing floors, and this implies lower quality in urban environments, since the effect of vegetation in these areas goes far beyond the landscape, it is responsible for purification air, moisture maintenance, thermal equilibrium, among other benefits. Given the lack of green space, and knowing that the roofs are in a significant percentage of impermeable areas, it is defended here the use of vegetated roofs, in order to increase the green of the cities and enjoy its benefits. An extensive green roof modular technology developed on a pre-molded cement, which uses the residue of footwear (EVA) was investigated here, from its conception to its evaluation. In the methodological procedures the following milestones have been met: module design (called block TEVA) and from mold to manufacture, experimental moldings with definition of proportions among the cementitious composite materials, green roof systems simulations, the modular system installation in real scale for plant development monitoring, and prototype scale to evaluate the thermal behavior and in four other types of coverage (exposed slab, ceramic roof, fiber cement roof, green roof with concrete blocks). Comparing the same prototypes, was also made an assessment of rainwater drained by different types of roof coverings. Based on the results it can be concluded that the module designed to be sometimes vegetated, sometimes be used as floor, has geometry, mechanical strength, lightness and water permeability suitable for the type of green roof proposed. The modules also allowed a good development of vegetation. A thermal evaluation confirmed that the green roof with TEVA modular blocks provided a better thermal balance and reduced indoor air temperature when compared with other types of coverage. The analysis of rainwater drained by different systems, modular green roof with TEVA block was also the one with the best performance, significantly reducing the volume of runoff. / As áreas verdes da cidade estão sendo ocupadas cada vez mais pelas edificações e impermeabilizações de pavimentos e isto implica em menor qualidade nos ambientes urbanos, uma vez que o efeito da vegetação nesses espaços vai muito além do paisagístico, sendo responsável pela purificação do ar, manutenção da umidade, equilíbrio térmico, entre outros benefícios. Diante da falta do espaço para o verde, e sabendo que os telhados constituem-se em uma porcentagem significativa das áreas impermeabilizadas, defende-se aqui a utilização dos telhados vegetados a fim de se aumentar o verde das cidades e aproveitar os seus benefícios. Uma tecnologia modular de telhado verde extensivo desenvolvida à base de um pré-moldado cimentício, que utiliza resíduo da indústria de calçado (EVA), foi investigada aqui desde sua concepção até a sua avaliação. Nos procedimentos metodológicos foram cumpridas as seguintes etapas: concepção do módulo (denominado bloco TEVA) e do molde para sua fabricação, moldagens experimentais com definição das proporções entre os materiais do compósito cimentício, simulações de sistemas de telhados verdes, instalação do sistema modular em escala real para acompanhamento do desenvolvimento vegetal, e em escala de protótipo para avaliação do comportamento térmico, comparado com quatro outros tipos de coberturas (laje exposta, telhado cerâmico, telhado de fibrocimento, telhado verde com blocos de concreto). Comparando os mesmos protótipos, também foi feita uma avaliação da água pluvial drenada pelos diferentes tipos de coberturas. Com base nos resultados pode-se concluir que o módulo idealizado para ora ser vegetado, ora ser utilizado como piso, tem geometria, resistência mecânica, leveza e permeabilidade à água satisfatórios para o tipo de telhado verde proposto. Os módulos também permitiram um bom desenvolvimento da vegetação. A avaliação térmica confirmou que o telhado verde modular com blocos TEVA promoveu um maior equilíbrio térmico e reduziu a temperatura do ar interno, quando comparado com os outros tipos de coberturas. Quanto à análise da água pluvial drenada por diferentes sistemas, o telhado verde modular com bloco TEVA também foi o que apresentou o melhor desempenho, diminuindo significativamente o volume da água escoada.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / As inundações são fenômenos naturais que ocorrem devido às chuvas de grande magnitude, agravadas nas áreas urbanas pela impermeabilização do solo e ineficiência dos sistemas de drenagem. Os telhados verdes surgem como uma medida compensatória estrutural que pode reter parte da água precipitada, adiando o pico de escoamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de desenvolver uma combinação de solo e condicionadores para telhado verde, promovam um aumento relevante na capacidade de retenção hídrica e um maior adiamento do pico de escoamento das águas pluviais. Este estudo foi dividido em duas etapas. Na Etapa 1, foram analisadas, em colunas de percolação, três condicionadores nas seguintes concentrações: Gel retentor Stockosorb (2; 4; 6 g/dm3), Fertilizante de liberação lenta Osmocote (4,7; 7,1; 9,0 g/dm3) e Zeólita (30; 50; 70 g/dm3), em três eventos (regas) consecutivos de chuva simulada na intensidade de 57 mm/h. A avaliação das concentrações mais adequadas dentre as testadas para cada condicionante foi baseada nas análises referentes à retenção hídrica (altura do meio após a rega; tempo de adiamento do escoamento; mm retidos; intensidade da água percolada em mm/min) e à qualidade da água percolada (pH, oxigênio dissolvido, turbidez e sólidos). Na Etapa 2, foi avaliada, em vasos, a influência da presença de três espécies de plantas (Arachis pintoi; Raphanus sativus; Lavandula angustifolia) em dois tipos de meio: solo sem condicionadores; solo com condicionadores nas melhores concentrações indicadas na Etapa 1, sendo simulada apenas um evento de chuva de 57 mm/h. Foram analisados parâmetros biológicos (germinação; plantas sobreviventes; comprimento do caule e da raiz; pesos da biomassa do caule e da raiz); retenção hídrica (altura do meio após a rega; tempo de adiamento do escoamento; mm retidos; intensidade da água percolada em mm/min); qualidade da água percolada (pH; oxigênio dissolvido; turbidez; sólidos; nitrato; amônia; fósforo total). Os resultados da Etapa 1 indicaram que o gel promoveu de forma significativa um aumento na retenção hídrica, e adiou o início da percolação de água, além de promover ligeira elevação do pH na água percolada. A adição de zeólita resultou em um aumento significativo da retenção hídrica, porém tal aumento não é vantajoso visto que este representa um custo adicional que poderia ser reduzido com o aumento da proporção do gel na coluna. A adição de fertilizantes não promoveu mudanças na qualidade da água percolada. Na Etapa 2, somente o efeito da presença de A. pintoi (maior produção de biomassa de raiz e caule) e R. sativus foram avaliadas. A presença dos condicionantes no solo proporcionou um desempenho significativamente superior em relação a retenção hídrica (altura do substrato e adiamento do pico de chuva) e qualidade da água percolada (pH e turbidez) quando comparados aos testes realizados na presença somente de solo. O fertilizante influenciou nas altas concentrações dos nutrientes (nitrogênio e fósforo) na água percolado nos resultados. A presença do gel no substrato, resultou numa capacidade superior de retenção de hídrica, e consequentemente no adiamento do pico de intensidade de chuva. Sendo assim, recomenda-se a aplicação do gel em telhados verdes para futuros estudos em ambientes externos. / Floods are natural phenomena that occur due to the large magnitude of rains, aggravated in urban areas by soil sealing and inefficient drainage systems. Green roofs emerge as a structural compensatory measure may retain part of the precipitated water, delaying the peak flow. The objective of this study was to develop a combination of soil and conditioners for green roof, promote a significant increase in water retention capacity and greater postponement of the peak stormwater runoff. This study was divided into two stages. In Step 1, were analyzed by percolation columns three conditioners in the following concentrations: Gel STOCKOSORB retainer (2; 4; 6 g / dm3) Osmocote slow-release fertilizer (4,7; 7,1; 9, 0 g / dm3) and zeolite (30; 50; 70 g / dm3), three events (watering) consecutive simulated rainfall intensity of 57 mm / hr. Evaluation of the most suitable among the concentrations tested for each condition was based on the analyzes for water retention (when the medium after watering, the flow delay time; mm retained; intensity of percolated water in mm / min) and the quality of percolated water (pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and solids). In Step 2, was evaluated in pots, the effect of the presence of three species of plants (Arachis pintoi, Raphanus sativus, Lavandula angustifolia) in two types of medium: no soil conditioners; best soil conditioners in concentrations indicated in Step 1, only one being simulated rainfall event of 57 mm / hr. Biological parameters were analyzed (germination, surviving plants, stem and root length, stem biomass and root weight); Water retention (after half the time of irrigation, the flow delay time; mm retained; intensity of percolated water in mm / min); quality of soil solution (pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, solids, nitrate, ammonia, total phosphorus). The Step 1 results indicated that the gel significantly promoted an increase in water retention, and delayed the start of the percolation of water, and promote slight increase of pH in soil solution. The addition of zeolite resulted in significant improvement of water retention, not as much as the retaining gel. The addition of fertilizers did not cause changes in the quality of the soil solution. In Step 2, only the effect of the presence of A. pintoi (higher biomass of root and stem) and R. sativus were evaluated. The presence of conditions on the ground provided a significantly better performance in relation to water retention (substrate height and postponement of peak rainfall) and quality of the soil solution (pH and turbidity) when compared to tests carried out in the presence only of soil. However, the influence on the high fertilizer concentrations of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) in water leachate in the results, it is concluded that the presence of the gel on the substrate, resulting in a higher water retention ability, and therefore in delaying the peak intensity rain. Thus, the application of the gel is recommended for further studies to green roofs outdoors.

A perda de vegetação natural e o aumento das superfícies impermeáveis decorrentes da expansão urbana têm mostrado que os tradicionais sistemas de drenagem urbana são insuficientes e pouco adaptáveis às alterações de uso do solo. Uma das consequências disso é o aumento da velocidade do escoamento superficial (runoff) que favorece as inundações, com enormes prejuízos materiais e ambientais. As inundações ocorrem geralmente quando ha ocorrência de chuvas de alta intensidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a contribuição dos telhados verdes modulares submetidos a chuvas de alta intensidade, 155mm/h com duração de 7,0 minutos para retenção e retardo do escoamento superficial. Além disso, foram determinados valores para parâmetros de modelos clássicos chuva-vazão: Método Racional (C) e CN (SCS), que poderá, futuramente, servir de modelagem hidrológica dos impactos da adoção de telhados verdes no controle das enchentes urbanas. A metodologia adotada foi de natureza experimental e envolveu a construção de bancadas com inclinação regulável para suporte dos módulos experimentais e um sistema para indução de chuvas com intensidade controlada. Foram estudados três modelos de sistema modular para telhado verde que permitem o armazenamento de água no fundo da bandeja que compõe os módulos, sendo 2 de 17,0 L (M-17 e F-17) e 1 de 4,0 L (M-4), nas condições de solo seco e solo úmido. Em cada módulo vegetado foram utilizadas 3 espécies de vegetação: Portulaca oleracea (Onze horas), Callisia repens (Dinheiro em penca) e Apnia cordfolia (Rosinha do sol). Os resultados demonstraram que os volumes retidos, calculados a partir da observação do runoff, nas diferentes situações, foram coerentes entre si e com dados relatados na literatura. Os módulos vegetados produziram os melhores resultados com solo seco e os piores resultados com solo úmido. O percentual médio de retenção, considerando todos os tipos de módulos, foi de 58% do volume total de água induzida, com retardo médio de 12 minutos no runoff. Os valores médios de C (Método Racional) foram 0,4, 0,48, 0,36, para os módulos M-17, M-4 e F-17, respectivamente e os de CN (SCS) foram 93, 95, 93, para os mesmos módulos. Conforme esperado, os maiores valores de CN foram para solos úmidos, mantendo a relação que quanto menor o volume retido, maior o runoff e o CN. O módulo F-17 foi o que apresentou melhor desempenho em todos os aspectos (redução do escoamento, retenção hídrica e retardo do runoff). Este estudo demonstra a boa contribuição que esse tipo de sistema pode proporcionar na retenção e retardo do escoamento superficial, mesmo para chuvas intensas de curta duração, principalmente após período de curta estiagem, situação comum em locais de clima tropical. Futuros estudos deverão avaliar o desempenho dos sistemas modulares de telhados verdes com outras características e intensidades de chuvas. A adoção de telhados verdes deve ser cautelosa, sobretudo pela carga extra que esse tipo de sistema representa. / The loss of natural vegetation and the increase of impermeable surfaces due to the urban expansion have shown that the traditional urban drain systems are ineffective and not much adaptable to the changes of ground use. One of the consequences is the increase of the speed of runoff, which furthers flood, with great material and environmental damage. The flood usually occurs because of stormwaters. The aim of this essay was to study the modular green roofs contribution, submitted to storms, 155mm/h lasting 7,0 minutes, in retention and delay of runoff. Besides, values were determined for these rain-flow classic model parameters: Rational method (C) and CN (SCS), which will be used for hydrological modeling of the effects of using green roofs to control urban flood. The methodology used is experimental and involved building worktops with adjustable inclination to support the experimental modules and a system for controlled induction of rain intensity. Three modular system models were studied for green roof which allow the storage of water at the bottom of the tray that the modules are made up, two are 17,0 L (M-17 and F-17) and one is 4,0 L(M-4), in dry soil and moist conditions. In each vegetated module three species of vegetation were used: Portulaca oleracea, Callisia repens e Apnia Cordfolia. The results show that the retained volume, calculated through observing the runoff, in different situations, are coherent with each other and have data reported in literature. The vegetated modules produced the best results with dry soil and the worst results with moist soil. The average percentage of retention, considering all the types of modules, was 58% of the total volume of induced water, with a 12 minute average delay on runoff. The average values of C (Rational method) were 0,4; 0,48; 0,36, to modules M-17, M-4 and F-17, respectively and the ones for CN (SCS) were 93, 95, 93, to the same modules. As expected, the greatest CN values were the ones for moist ground, keeping the relation of lesser retained volume and more runoff and CN. The module F-17 presented better performance in all aspects (flow reduction, hydric retention, runoff delay). This study shows the good contribution this kind of system may provide for retention and delay runoff, even for short duration heavy rains, mainly after dry season, common situation in places with tropical weather. Future studies should assess the green roofs performance of modular systems accounting other characteristics and types of rains intensity. Adopting green roofs must be cautious, especially the extra burden that such a system is.

En matière de consommation énergétique mondiale, l'augmentation est indiscutablement la tendance actuelle. Conformément au contexte énergétique international, l'île de La Réunion doit faire face à une demande énergétique croissante. Après analyse de la répartition de ces besoins, la régulation thermique du bâti apparaît être l'un des postes les plus énergivores. Afin de réduire l'importance de ce poste, la solution présentement proposée consiste a végétaliser la structure afin d'en réduire la surchauffe. Le présent article est une introduction vulgarisée au domaine des parois complexes végétalisées (PCV). Afin d'accréditer cette prétention, la notion de toiture végétalisée, leurs utilisations, ainsi que les différentes modifications quelles induisent y sont définies. L'illustration des propos est permise par l'application d'un cas d'étude concret, celui d'une utilisation sur l'île de La Réunion. Cette dernière permettant de définir divers impacts du système dans ces conditions. / The aim of this article is to present a vulgarized introduction to the vegetated complex partitions field, called VCP. To reach this goal, the green roof notions, their uses and implications are defined. The theory is illustrated by a Reunion Island case study, which allows to list several impacts of the green walls utilization.

Climate change has caused severe vulnerabilities for the global food production system and alternative agriculture methods are needed as a solution. Urban agriculture (UA) can be a sustainable solution, making the global food system more resilient and increasing the global food security. Using available empty rooftops to implement green roofs for food production can be a solution to challenges faced by urban agriculture, such as unavailability of land and proper amount of sunlight. The aim of this thesis is to explore the potential of green roofs in Uppsala city, looking into the food production capacity and the energy conservation benefits for buildings having a green roof. With the help of GIS software, 745 flat roofs with a total available area of 877408 m2, were considered feasible for implementing green roofs. Upon calculations based on yields obtained from other studies, the results revealed that the annual vegetable production on potential green roofs in Uppsala city is 23550 T of tomato, 48 T of cabbage and 96 T of chilli. On comparing the tomato production with the amount of tomato consumed annually by the population of Uppsala city, the data reveals that less than 10 % of the estimated production can meet the annual demand.Upon investigating the thermal insulation effects of green sedum roof on a building in Uppsala city, the thesis reveals that annually, 824 kWh or .824 MWh can be saved, providing a monetary benefit of SEK 543. The results point out that, on implementation of green sedum roofs on 100 buildings, about 82 MWh amount of energy can be conserved, thus reducing the overall consumption of fuels such as peat and oil and reducing the emissions of green house gases. Green roofs in comparison with conventional roofs can also act as a heat sink to keep the building cooler during warmer summers, thus reducing the demand for artificial cooling. Keywords: Sustainable Development, Urban Sustainability, Food Security, Energy Security, Resilience, Urban Agriculture, Green Roof, Thermal Insulation, Energy Conservation, Climate Change.

När samhällen byggs ut och mer genomsläpplig naturmark ersätts av hårdgjorda ytor ökar också mängden dagvatten. Dagvatten är regn eller smältvatten från snö och is som rinner av ytor så som tak, vägar och andra hårda ytor som skapats av människor. Dagvatten kan orsaka stora problem, exempelvis översvämningar och utsläpp av föroreningar till sjöar och vattendrag. För att förebygga dessa problem har många kommuner tagit fram dagvattenstrategier med krav och riktlinjer för hur dagvattnet ska tas hand om på bästa hållbara sätt. Ett exempel på hållbar dagvattenhantering är så kallad trög avrinning, det vill säga olika lösningar för att fördröja dagvattnet med syftet att undvika stora flöden och rena vattnet från föroreningar.  En av kommunerna som tagit fram en strategi för dagvattenhanteringen är Täby kommun. Denna dagvattenstrategi används som underlag vid planering av exploatering av områden, till exempel vid byggnation av bostadsområden. I det nya bostadsområdet Täby Park i Täby har två kvarter anlagts med lösningar för dagvattenhanteringen efter dagvattenutredningar utförda av Structor Uppsala. Det här projektet ämnade att undersöka om de lösningar som föreslogs för och sedan implementerades i de två kvarteren uppnådde Täby kommuns krav på dagvattenhantering. Kvarteren som undersöktes, vilka benämns kvarter 1:6 Opalen och kvarter 1:7 Klövern, var av liknande storlek och med liknande dagvattenlösningar. För att undersöka dagvattenflödet utfördes flödes- och nederbördsmätningar under en månads tid och en modell ställdes upp i Autodesk Storm and Sanitary Analysis för att simulera vattenflödet. Beräkningar baserade på samma metod som i dagvattenutredningen utfördes även för den slutgiltiga utformningen av respektive kvarter.  Till följd av små regnmängder samt en initial felprogrammering av en flödesmätare behövde datat från flödesmätarna bearbetas för att få fram ett resultat för fördröjningen i samband med regnhändelserna. Dessutom behövde en av flödesmätarnas data bortses från på grund av felaktiga värden, vilket innebar att det uppmätta dagvattenflödet endast speglade ungefär halva utredningsområdet. Fördröjningen mellan regnets inträffande och flödesmätarnas utslag kunde inte fastsällas som ett resultat av dagvattenlösningarnas implementering, till stor del på grund av bristande data. Dagvattenflödena som beräknades utifrån mätdatat, teoretiskt och med modellen skildes åt, men även här övervägande på grund av felkällor och bristande data. Fortsatt undersökning för modellens optimering och fler mätningar skulle kunna ge en bättre korrelation för både fördröjningen i tid (regnhändelse och flödesmätares utslag) och fördröjningen i volym som fördröjningsåtgärderna bidrar med. / When urbanization increases, one consequence of permeable land being replaced by impermeable surfaces is an increase in stormwater. Stormwater, which is water from rain or melted snow and ice that runs off from impermeable surfaces such as roofs and roads, can cause problems for infrastructure. Some of these problems entail flooding and transport of pollutants to lakes and rivers. To counteract these issues, many Swedish municipalities have compiled so called stormwater strategies (''dagvattenstrategier'') containing requirements and guidelines on how to sustainably manage stormwater. One method for sustainable stormwater management is stormwater detention, i.e. slowing down the water, which can be achieved in several ways. Through detention, large flows can be reduced and pollutants can be filtered out of the water. The municipality of Täby is one of the above mentioned municipalities with stormwater strategies. This strategy is used by exploiters when planning, for instance, new residential areas, as a mean to ensure that the stormwater is properly taken care of within the boundaries of the premise. Two apartment blocks in Täby Park, a newly built residential area in Täby, have been built with detention measures for stormwater management suggested by Structor Uppsala in their stormwater investigations for both blocks respectively. The aim of this project was to investigate whether the suggested detention measures were enough to reach the requirements in Täby's stormwater strategy. The studied apartment blocks were of similar size and had approximately the same fraction of stormwater detention measures. During the project time, precipitation and stormwater flow were measured for approximately a month and a model was made in Autodesk Storm and Sanitary Analysis to simulate the flow in the project area. Calculations for the water flow in the project were made with the rational method, which was used for the calculations done in Structor Uppsala's stormwater investigation.  As a result of little precipitation during the period of measurements, and an unfortunate initial error in a flow meter, the data from the flow measurements needed to be modified to get the resulting relationship between rain events and the detention of stormwater within the project area. An additional error came from false values from one of the flow meters, which led to it and it's data to become discarded and thus only giving the stormwater flow for roughly half of the project area. From the results a certain time delay between rain event and stormwater flow was seen. However, this could not be determined to be solely from the detention measures due to insufficient data. The stormwater flows calculated from the measured data, the theoretical calculations, and the model were significantly different. Here, the sources of error and insufficient data were certainly a contributing factor. Continued studies with an optimization of the model and more measurements could give a better correlation between the time delay between rain event and flow and the flow detention from the stormwater measures.

The thesis deals with the use of hydrophilic mineral wool in green roof structures. In the first part of the thesis, based on current legislation, there are summarized relevant technical properties of the hydrophilic wool. Specific demands on the green roof parts were classified and the work was consequently updated by the research of available products from the national market. A large part of the thesis consists of the extended documentation of technical properties of new products and also the changes that are associated with ageing after the material incorporation into the structure. Not only the laboratory properties of the material itself, but also properties of the material embedded in green roof structure were measured, for example an acoustic capabilities. Water accumulation properties of the mineral wool were documented on the real roof models too. Various impacts were observed by using mineral wool in comparison with substrate assemblies. Additional experiments were applied on using different types of mineral wool for an assessment of specific green roof vegetation adaptation. The environmental product declarations for each mineral wool product were calculated with the specific software using LCA methodology. In this way, the environmental impacts of mineral wool could be compared with other materials, such as artificial substrates, foils, etc. As a conclusion of the research results were summarized and reported demands for the hydrophilic mineral wool use in the green roof structures.

The aim of the master thesis is to process the project doucmentation for a mixed-used building in the cadastre unit of Brno-Líšeň. The object is designed as a building with a basement and four above-ground floors. The building has a regular floor plan with partial basement and flat roof and comprises 12 housing units. On the ground floor there is a mixed-used zone. The building has a wall structural system. It is designed with filigree floor slabs. The vertical structural system is mainly made from sand-lime blocks, while the rest is made from permanent formwork. The roof is designed as flat - single and green. The structure is based on strip foundations.

The subject of my master‘s thesis is A new cultural society center building in Frýdek-Místek. The work is explained in the form of project documentation for the execution of the building containing all the requirements following the legal standards and regulations. The land is flat. It is a two-storey, basement building. The supporting system of the object is a monolithic reinforced concrete skeleton filled with ceramic blocks. Basement masonry is permanent formwork. The roof and ceiling structures are made of reinforced concrete slabs. Roofs above both of the first floors are flat green roofs, the roof above the second floor is also flat formed by river rock. The new building of the cultural society center corresponds to the town plan of the town of Frýdek-Místek. The design was influenced by the layout, static and architectural features, and energy savings.