Spelling suggestions: "subject:"group strategies"" "subject:"croup strategies""
1 |
The politics of protecting species: an examination of environmental interest group strategies before and after the Species at Risk Act.Chewka, Kaitlyn 01 September 2011 (has links)
Our planet is currently in the midst of a mass extinction event. Plants and animals are dying off at a rate undocumented since the dinosaurs went extinct 65 million years ago. Unlike earlier extinction events, however, the current ecological crisis is primarily being driven by a single species – homo sapiens. Although a seemingly overwhelming issue, environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) have dedicated themselves to ensuring strong species protection. In Canada, these interest groups launched and sustained a successful national campaign for federal endangered species legislation that culminated in the enactment of the Species at Risk Act (SARA). While ENGOs‟ campaign for protective legislation has been well-documented by scholars, there is a dearth of research regarding ENGOs‟ strategies following the passage of SARA. In order to address this knowledge gap, this thesis examines and compares the strategies employed by interest groups in both the pre- and post-passage stages of the Act. After conducting qualitative interviews with seven representatives of Canadian-based ENGOs, this study finds that following the passage of SARA interest groups, dissatisfied with the government‟s weak implementation of the Act, decided to overhaul their strategic approach and shifted the species at risk issue to three new institutional venues: the boardrooms of private corporations, the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC), and the domestic judicial arena. The thesis concludes that, despite inherent challenges, shifting institutional venues can be a successful strategy for ENGOs faced with a government reluctant to implement the hard-won legislative commitments. This work may prove to be particularly pertinent for other non-governmental organizations facing similar obstacles. / Graduate
|
2 |
Kulturmöte i gränslandet mellan motsättningar och möjligheter : Strategier för att tillvarata kulturmötens kreativa potentialCvetković, Anita January 2008 (has links)
Encounters and relations between people with different cultural backgrounds tend to be primarily discussed in terms of exclusio, prejudice and conflict. This thesis focuses on the creative aspects of intercultural encounters. The starting point is that the parties involved sometimes succeed in avoiding the latent conflicts between cultures by acting trategically. The aim of this thesis is to increase understanding of the possibilities represented by intercultural encounters and to identiy the strategies employed by the actors who try to deal with the contrasts and dilemmas involved in encounters with other peopl with different cultural experiences, identities and methods. The empirical part of the thesis is based on four qualitative case studies that are characterised by rather positive co‐operation between the actors in the intercultural encounter, i.e. "immigrants" and the majority society in Sweden. The empirical data are based on 45 individual interviews, two focus group discussions and a number of minor observations made in the inland part of northern Sweden, where the case studies were carried out. The principal result of this research is that the actors begin to see culture as a possibility when they find themselves in a osition where they feel obliged to change their established patterns of behaviour, due to some sort of crisis situation. The strategies used by the actors to deal with culture conflicts can be divided into intra‐group strategies and inter‐group strategies. The former attempt to achieve relative homogeneity between the competing groups in the field of the intercultural encounter, while the latter illustrate how the participants deal with what they experience as differences. Four inter‐group strategies have been identified: 1) the status quo strategy, 2) the loose coupling strategy, 3) the selective strategy and 4) a culture mixing strategy. The latter three are characterised by innovative combinations that organise the existing cultural elements in a meaningful way These strategies result in new cognitive structures, whose limits maintain the balance between different cultural elements. / Möten och relationer bland människor med olika kulturell bakgrund diskuteras idag övervägande i termer av social och kulturell exkludering, fördomar och motsättningar. I denna avhandling har jag valt att fokusera på kulturmötens kreativa aspekter. Min utgångspunkt är att deltagande parter i vissa fall lyckas att kringgå kulturmötenas inneboende motsättningar och överbrygg det kulturella avståndet genom att handla strategiskt. Syftet med avhandlingen har varit att öka förståelsen av kulturmötens möjligheter och att identifiera aktörernas handlingsmönser när de försöker hantera kontraster och dilemman i möten med människor som skiljer sig i fråga om kulturella erfarenheter, identiteter och metoder. Hur handlingarna organiseras för att förmå människor att gemensamt fungera under kulturmötenas villkor, är frågan vars svar förväntas förtydliga hur den kreativa potentialen i kulturmöten kan tillvaratas. Utformning av aktuella handlingsstrategier och deras effekter analyseras i termer av motsvarande kognitiva strukturer. Dessa ställs mot varandra och analyseras i ett kognitivt sociologiskt perspektiv. Avhandlingens empiriska del grundas på fyra kvalitativa fallstudier. Bedömningsgrunder för urvalet av dessa fall har varit att det skulle röra sig om händelser eller projekt som äger rum i glesbyden och som inkluderar en någorlunda affirmativ bild av samverkan mellan aktörer från olika kulturell bakgrund. Ett av de studerade fallen har exemplifierat en icke‐affirmativ bild av samverkan för att kontrastera de övriga fallen. Empiriska data har insamlats genom totalt 45 individuella intervjuer, två fokusgruppsdiskussioner samt några mindre observationer. Avhandlingens huvudresultat är att aktörerna uppfattar kultur som en möjlighet först när behovet att förändra etablerade beteenemönster upplevs som nödvändigt på grund av krisförhållanden. I den meningen kan kris och instabilitet ses som en förutsättning för att kulturmötens kreativa möjligheter ska kunna tillvaraas. Handlingsstrategier som aktörerna använt för att hantera kulturella motsättningar kan uppdelas i inomgruppsstrategier och mellngruppsstrategier. De förstnämnda syftar till att uppnå en relativ homogenisering bland de konkurrerande grupperna inom de fält som ingår i kultumöten, medan de sistnämnda åskådliggör hur deltagarna går tillväga för att hantera uppfattade olikheter. Jag har identifierat fyra mellangruppstrategier: 1) status quo‐strategi, 2) frikopplingsstrategi, 3) selektiv strategi och 4) kulturblandningsstrategi. De tre sistnämnda kännetecknas av innovativa sammanställningar som organiserar befintliga kulturella element på ett meningsfult sätt. Effekter av dessa strategier resulterar i nya kognitiva strukturer, vars gränsdragningar bevarar en balansgång mellan olika kulturella element.
|
3 |
大學生個人思考風格與團隊互動關係之個案研究 / Relationships between undergraduate student individual thinking styles and group interaction: a case study張景怡, Chang, Ching Yi Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在了解大學生個人思考風格與團隊互動時的領導風格、組織氣氛與團隊策略之關係。本研究採混合研究法,研究工具包含量化的問卷資料及質性的學生週記與訪談資料兩部分,所使用的問卷為Sternberg的心智自我管理理論(theory of mental self-government)提出的思考風格量表(Thinking Styles Inventory,TSI),作為測量學生思考風格之工具。研究者於每週授課時段進入課堂觀察小組互動之情形,時間為一學期,期末施予問卷並另約訪談時間了解團隊互動之過程,自願參與本研究之受測者共計七名,願意受訪者共計五名。研究結果顯示:
壹、具有學習型目標的團隊,學習目標的達成比追求團隊效率更為重要。
貳、思考風格、領導風格及團隊策略相搭配,使得團隊互動更為順利。
參、不同思考風格之人在互動中可能帶來正面影響,也可能造成彼此的壓力。 / This study aims to understand the relationships between undergraduate student individual thinking styles and group interaction, with group interaction including leadership styles, organizational climate and group strategies. A mixed-method study was conducted by using the quantitative measure of a questionnaire and two qualitative measures of students’ weekly journals and interviews. Students’ thinking styles were evaluated by the Thinking Styles Inventory developed based on Sternberg’s theory of mental self-government. Student group interactions in a course lasting for one semester were observed every week. Semi-structured interviews were performed at the end of the semester to understand the process of group interaction. Results of both quantitative and qualitative data analyses revealed that:
1. A team with learning-centered goals would stress more on achieving those goals than on team efficiency.
2. Thinking styles, leadership styles and group strategies work together can make group interaction smooth.
3. People with different thinking styles can either bring positive effects or create stresses within group interaction.
|
Page generated in 0.0549 seconds