Pour appréhender l'histoire du peuplement autochtone de Guyane française, six populations indiennes (Palikur, Emerillon, Kaliña, Wayampi, Apalaí et Matsiguenga) ont été examinées pour les marqueurs de l'ADN mitochondrial et du chromosome Y, et trois testées pour sept loci autosomaux. Après extraction de l'ADN des sérums ou hématies prélevés sur le terrain, les fragments ont été amplifiés par PCR, analysés par digestion enzymatique et séquençage automatique à la recherche des composantes biologiques amérindiennes principales. Notre travail démontre que chez les populations amérindiennes, la dérive génétique n'explique pas toute la variabilité génétique. Notamment, l'interprétation associant anthropobiologie, ethnologie, linguistique et histoire a révélé son utilité. Enfin, ce travail a montré l'implication directe des groupes non amérindiens dans la dynamique de mise en place des populations indiennes de Guyane française.

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação sobre as Américas, 2006. / Submitted by wesley oliveira leite (leite.wesley@yahoo.com.br) on 2009-10-27T21:17:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 _Alvaro Augusto Neves Musolino - doutorado pdf.pdf: 785909 bytes, checksum: 76e7a655f0ccffd07acccefb89a33d59 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luanna Maia(luanna@bce.unb.br) on 2011-01-27T13:00:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 _Alvaro Augusto Neves Musolino - doutorado pdf.pdf: 785909 bytes, checksum: 76e7a655f0ccffd07acccefb89a33d59 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-01-27T13:00:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 _Alvaro Augusto Neves Musolino - doutorado pdf.pdf: 785909 bytes, checksum: 76e7a655f0ccffd07acccefb89a33d59 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-02 / Esta tese é resultado de uma pesquisa sobre os índios palikur, que habitam a região de fronteira situada entre o norte do Estado do Amapá e o Departamento da Guiana Francesa, no Baixo rio Oiapoque, se estendendo pelo litoral sudeste até cercanias de Caiena. Tem por objeto de estudo as relações proporcionadas pela identidade, etnicidade e nacionalidade deste grupo indígena que se estende pela Guiana Francesa desde a fronteira mencionada, a partir de aldeamentos situados na Terra Indígenas do Uaçá, no Brasil. Situando-se também na Guiana, se encontram nas localidades de Saint Georges, Regina, Ouanary, Roura e Macouriá. É um grupo indígena cujos membros, nos limites da fronteira, assumem as nacionalidades francesa e brasileira, sem, contudo, abandonar a sua condição de identidade étnica. Neste contexto procurou-se analisar o deslocamento do grupo étnico para o trabalho sazonal, para o casamento, para a manutenção de atividades rituais e religiosas, para a migração com vistas à obtenção de cidadania francesa ou de cidadania brasileira, conforme os interesses pessoais, familiares e profissionais, para a assunção de determinada nacionalidade. Esta tese é, portanto, resultado de um estudo etnográfico das relações interétnicas internacionais do povo palikur nesta fronteira. ____________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / This thesis is the result of research about the palikur indians, who inhabit the frontier region between the north of the State of Amapa and the Department of French Guiana, in the lower Oiapoque River, and extends along southeastern coastline, up to near Caiena. The reason for this study is the proportional relationschip shown through identity, ethnicity and nationality of this group of indians whose habitat extends throughout French Guiana, from the afore mentioned frontier, in settlements, situated in the Indigenous Land of Uaça, in Brazil. Also found in the French Guiana in the municipal districts of St. Georges, Ouanary, Regina, Roura and Macouria. It is an indigenous group, whose members at the frontier assume french or brasilian nationality, although they do not give up their ethnic identity. This context has tried to analyze movements of the ethnic group for seasonal work, for marriage, maintenance of ritual and religious activities, migrations in the hope of obtaining french or brasilian citizenship, according to personal, familiar or professional interests. This thesis is, therefore, the result of ethnographical study of inter-ethnic and international relations of the palikur people at the frontier.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-06-13T13:13:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação_Biblioteca.pdf: 1902006 bytes, checksum: 7d4961b62f35904b170bb537e0fae2a7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-13T13:13:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação_Biblioteca.pdf: 1902006 bytes, checksum: 7d4961b62f35904b170bb537e0fae2a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-28 / CNPq / O impacto de embarcações sobre o comportamento de golfinhos tem sido particularmente importante em regiões de elevado potencial turístico-econômico, sobretudo em função da rápida expansão dessa indústria e da ausência ou ineficiência de rigorosa fiscalização ambiental. Esse estudo examinou o cumprimento da legislação ambiental vigente na Baía dos Golfinhos, Nordeste do Brasil. A partir das observações das embarcações e cetáceos registramos as seguintes informações: (i) tempo de permanência das embarcações na Baía, (ii) número das embarcações simultaneamente presentes na Baía, (iii) distância de uma ou mais embarcações para os golfinhos e (iv) número de eventos de perseguição aos golfinhos pelas embarcações. Os levantamentos foram conduzidos ao longo de 21 dias, totalizando 168 h de observação efetiva. Durante este período foram identificadas 14 embarcações adaptadas à prática de atividades turísticas, entre catamarãs, escunas e lanchas. Foram registradas infrações à legislação quanto ao tempo máximo de permanência no interior da baía, distância para os cetáceos e ocorrência de perseguição aos animais. A existência de atividades turísticas fora dos padrões recomendados indica a necessidade de ações urgentes para assegurar a proteção dos golfinhos na região. Em primeira linha, deveria haver uma fiscalização efetiva por parte das agências governamentais. Nossos achados são similares aos de outros estudos prévios e independentes realizados na Austrália e Nova Zelândia. Isso demonstra que sem uma efetiva aplicação da lei, meras regulamentações têm pouca chance de proteger os golfinhos e melhorar seu bem-estar diante de atividades náuticas de ecoturismo. Por outro lado, dois fatores exigem a atenção dos gestores ambientais: (i) a complexidade inerente às normas atuais, o que pode gerar uma deficiência na fiscalização, mesmo que existente, e (ii) a baixa rigidez dessas normas, quando se leva em consideração dados de pesquisas recentes. Portanto, faz-se necessário urgente adequação das leis, de modo que elas se tornem efetivas do ponto de vista ambiental e de fácil fiscalização. Tais passos resultariam em medidas mais efetivas para se reduzir as perturbações das embarcações na Baía dos Golfinhos. Todavia, a forma mais eficiente para se reduzir os problemas causados pelas embarcações a motor parece ser a criação de santuários costeiros para os golfinhos, onde tais embarcações não teriam permissão para entrada. / The impact of motorboats on the behavior of dolphins has been particularly important in regions with high tourism and economic potential, especially in light of the rapid expansion of this industry and the absence or inefficiency of strict environmental enforcement. This study examined the impact of tourist motorboats on the estuarine dolphin and enforcement of environmental regulations in Baía dos Golfinhos, Northeast Brazil. From the observations of vessels and cetaceans, we recorded the following information: (i) time of entry and exit of each vessel during the day, (ii) number of vessels simultaneously present in the Bay, (iii) distance of one or more vessels for dolphins and (iv) number of events of persecution to dolphins by boat. Surveys were conducted over 21 days, totaling 168 hours of effective observation. During this period, we identified 14 vessels adapted to the practice of touristic activities, including catamarans, schooners and barges. The existence of tourist activities outside the recommended standards indicates the need for urgent action to ensure the protection of dolphins in the region. Importantly, there should be an effective monitoring by the government agencies. Our findings are similar to two other previous and independent studies in Australia and New Zealand. It seems that without effective law enforcement, mere regulations have little chance to protect the dolphins and to improve their welfare from nautical ecotourism activities. Moreover, two factors require attention from environmental managers: (i) the inherent complexity of current regulations, which can weakens their enforcement, and (ii) the softness of such rules, when one takes into account recent research findings. Thus, the modernization of laws is required so that they become scientifically adequate and easier to enforce. These steps would help reducing the disturbance caused by the motorboats in Baía dos Golfinhos. However, the most efficient way to reduce the problems caused by motorboats seems to be the creation of a number of coastal sanctuaries where motorboats are not permitted.

Les termites ont un rôle clé dans le fonctionnement de l’écosystème forêt en particulier celui du recyclage de la litière en matière organique. Cependant, quelques espèces de termites sont des xylophages spécialisés dans la dégradation du bois des forêts, mais sont considérés comme des nuisibles dans les zones anthropisées.En France, le problème « termites » lié aux constructions n’a été traité que dans les années 90. La loi n°99-471, votée le 8 juin 1999 définit les modalités de mise en oeuvre d´une politique de lutte dans laquelle sont engagés tous les acteurs: l´Etat, les collectivités locales, les professionnels ainsi que les propriétaires d´immeubles. La Guyane-française est située dans la carte établie par le FCBA des départements de France où l’arrêté est effectif. Toutefois, ce département d’outre-mer reste aujourd’hui avec beaucoup de lacunes en termes de connaissances sur ses termites.On connaît de façon exhaustive le nombre et les différentes espèces de termites xylophages et on sait également quelles sont les principales familles qui sont présentes dans les bâtiments. Mais on ne sait pas dire quelles sont les espèces de termites qui s’intéressent à nos bois d’œuvres.L’objectif de cette étude est d’identifier les genres et espèces de termites qui s’attaquent à trois essences de bois de durabilité faible ou moyenne (Gonfolo, Simarouba et Yayamadou) et de comprendre comment ces attaques se produisent, en contexte forestier, en lien avec des variables du milieu, et l’effet de la saison de mise en contact.Le Yayamadou est une espèce très appétante pour les termites de Guyane, à condition de disposer de tas de bois d’un volume suffisant (> 500cm3), c’est l’espèce qui présente la plus grande diversité de termites actifs. 18 espèces de termites ont été trouvées sur les tas de bois, mais 10 seulement avec une fréquence dépassant le %. Une description détaillée et une clé d’identification sont proposées pour ces espèces.La diversité des termites est plus importante dans les milieux forestiers naturels. Les résultats montrent, qu’Heterotermes tenuis est l’espèce la plus fréquente quel que soit le milieu. Il y a une spécificité attractive de certaines espèces de termites pour telle essence plutôt que telle autre.Enfin, la saisonnalité, correspondant au moment où l’on installe les échantillons de bois en forêt, joue un rôle dans l’apparition de termites sur telle ou telle essence de bois. Il existe dans chaque milieu des espèces qui peuvent potentiellement s’attaquer au bois des habitations / The termites have a role key in the functioning of the ecosystem forest in particular the one of the recycling of the litter in organic matter. Nevertheless, some termites species are specialized in the degradation of the wood of the forests, but are considered plagues in humans place.In France, the problem « termites » linked by the buildings was treated only in the 90’s. The law n°99-471, voted by the 8 June 1999 defines the methods of implement of politics to fights in which are engaged all the actors: the government, the local groups, the professionals as well as the owners of buildings. The French Guiana-is in the map established by the FCBA that departments of France where the law is effective. Nevertheless, this “outre-mer” department remains today with a lot of gaps in terms of knowledge on its termites. We know in a manner exhaustive the number and the different types of xylophagous termites and we know too which are the principal families that are present in the buildings. But we don’t know to say which are the types of termites that are very interested in our lumber.The objective of this study is to identify the genera and termites species that attack themselves to three sorts of wood of weak or average durability (Gonfolo, Simarouba et Yayamadou) and to understand how these attacks produce themselves, in forest context, in link with variables of the environment, and the effect of the season of placement in contact.The Yayamadou is a Wood specie that atracts a lot of termites in French Guiana, to condition to have access to pile of wood of a sufficient volume (> 500cm3), it is the type that presents the biggest diversity of active termites. 18 species of termites were found on the wood piles, but 10 only with a frequency surpassing the 80%. A detailed description and an identification key are proposed for these species. The diversity of the termites is more important in the natural forest environments. The results show, that Heterotermes tenure is the type the does more frequent whatever the environment. There is an attractive specificity of some types of termites for such wood species rather than such other.Finally, the seasonality, corresponding the moment when we installs the wood samples in forest, plays a role in the appearance of termites on such or such wood species. There are in every environment of the types that potentially can attack the wood of the buildings.

L'objectif du registre des cancers de Guyane est de collecter l ensemble des tumeurs invasives et/ou in situ survenues depuis le 1er janvier 2003 chez des patients vivant en Guyane, quels que soient la localisation de la tumeur, le lieu de diagnostic et de traitement. Cette thèse a pour but de décrire la population atteinte d un cancer afin d améliorer les connaissances sur cette maladie et ainsi de permettre aux actions de santé publique d être plus efficaces.De 2003 à 2009, le taux d incidence des cancers standardisé sur l âge était, dans les deux sexes, 30% inférieur en Guyane par rapport à la France métropolitaine et n était pas différent de celui d Amérique du Sud.Nous avons comparé l incidence, la mortalité et la survie relative des patientes atteintes d un cancer invasif du sein (CIS) et des patientes atteintes d un cancer invasif du col de l utérus (CIC) entre la Guyane et la métropole.Le ratio incidence/mortalité indiquait que les cancers du sein étaient de plus mauvais pronostic en Guyane par rapport à la métropole.La survie relative des femmes atteintes d un CIS était inférieure en Guyane par rapport à la France métropolitaine.En Guyane, le taux standardisé d incidence du cancer du col de l utérus était 4 fois plus élevé qu en métropole. Les femmes vivant dans l intérieur de la Guyane semblaient être diagnostiquées à un stade plus tardif et plus souvent sur symptômes que les femmes du littoral. L accès aux soins des migrants est un challenge et une source d inégalité de santé. La détection précoce des cancers à travers des programmes de prévention est cruciale pour améliorer la survie par cancer et notamment chez les patients étrangers. / The objective of the cancer registry of French Guiana is to compile all patients living in French Guiana with malignant invasive pathology and/or in situ lesions starting January 1st 2003 in persons living in French Guiana, whatever the tumoral location and the place of diagnosis and care. This study aimed to describe the population with invasive cancer to improve the knowledge about this disease in order to target public health interventions more effectively.The age standardised incidence rate was 30% times lower than in France in both sexes and the same than in South America.We compared incidence and relative survival of patients with invasive breast cancer (IBC) and patients with invasive cervical cancer (ICC) between women from French Guiana and metropolitan France.The ratio between incidence and mortality showed that the prognosis of IBC in French Guiana was worse than in metropolitan France.The relative survival rate among women with IBC in French Guiana was lower than among women in metropolitan France.In French Guiana, the age-standardized incidence rate of cervical cancer was four times higher than in France. Women living in remote areas seemed to be diagnosed later and more often following symptoms.Access to care for migrants is challenging and sustains health inequalities. Early detection through prevention programs is crucial for increasing cancer survival notably for foreign-born patients. Further studies with more patients and other variables could improve the knowledge about these diseases

La lutte anti-vectorielle manque d‘efficacité quand elle ne cible pas de façon optimale les lieux et les périodes où les vecteurs prolifèrent. Des outils tels que la télédétection ou les systèmes d‘information géographique permettent d‘accéder et de traiter un large panel de données environnementales. La mise en relation des données télédétectées avec des observations entomologiques peut contribuer à améliorer les connaissances sur l‘écologie des vecteurs et permettre de développer des modèles prédictifs de la dynamique de leurs populations. Aucun modèle de ce type n‘est actuellement disponible en Guyane pour assister les autorités chargées de la lutte anti-vectorielle. L‘objectif général a été d‘identifier les déterminants environnementaux de la distribution et de la densité des anophèles, moustiques responsables de la transmission du paludisme, pour l‘implémentation d‘outils prédictifs de la situation entomologique. Une attention particulière a été portée sur l‘utilisation des données issues de l‘imagerie satellitaire. Un premier travail de caractérisation de la dynamique spatiotemporelle de la faune anophélienne a été réalisé dans la région de Saint-Georges de l‘Oyapock. Cette étude a confirmé l‘impact des facteurs environnementaux, en particulier de l‘occupation du sol et de la pluviométrie, sur la distribution et la densité des moustiques anophèles. La seconde partie des travaux a eu pour objectif la modélisation et la cartographie dynamique des densités d‘Anopheles darlingi, le principal vecteur du paludisme en Guyane. Parmi un panel de variables environnementales télédétectées et de paramètres météorologiques, six prédicteurs ont été identifiés. L‘implémentation de ces prédicteurs dans un modèle statistique et son extrapolation a permis de produire des cartes hebdomadaires prédictives des densités d‘An. darlingi à Saint-Georges de l‘Oyapock. La troisième partie des travaux a visé à actualiser les connaissances sur la faune anophélienne dans la région de Cayenne. A partir de données télédétectées, un modèle prédictif de la présence d‘An. aquasalis a été implémenté. Les résultats, dans leur ensemble, mettent en évidence l‘intérêt de l‘imagerie satellitaire pour la surveillance et le contrôle des vecteurs du paludisme en Guyane. Des outils prédictifs et d‘aide à la décision à destination des acteurs de la lutte anti-vectorielle sont proposés. Dans un contexte de besoin de nouvelles stratégies et méthodes pour améliorer la surveillance entomologique, ces travaux sont d‘une utilité majeure pour les autorités de santé et répondent pleinement aux objectifs du plan quadriennal de lutte contre le paludisme publié en 2015 par l‘Agence Régionale de Santé de Guyane. / Vector control is often seen as inefficient because it is not targeted to sites and times when mosquitoes are abundant. Tools such as remote sensing and geographic information systems can access and process a wide range of environmental data. The linking of remote sensing data with entomological observations can establish knowledge on vectors ecological preferences and be used to develop predictive models of mosquitos‘ dynamics. No model of this type is currently available in French Guiana to assist vector control strategies. The general aim of the thesis was to identify environmental determinants of the distribution and the density of anopheles mosquitoes for the implementation of predictive tools. The research was conducted on two study sites: Saint-Georges de l‘Oyapock and Cayenne region. First, a characterization of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the anopheles fauna in Saint-Georges de l‘Oyapock was conducted. This preliminary study confirmed the impact of environmental factors, especially land cover and rainfall, on the distribution and the density of anopheles mosquitoes. The second part of the work was aimed modeling and dynamic mapping of Anopheles darlingi densities, the main malaria vector in French Guiana. Among a panel of remotely sensed environmental variables and meteorological parameters, six accurate predictors have been identified. The implementation of these parameters in a statistical model and its extrapolation allowed producing predictive maps of An. darlingi densities in the municipality of Saint-Georges de l‘Oyapock. The third part of the work has updated knowledge on the anopheles fauna of Cayenne region. Also, based on remotely sensed environmental data, a predictive model of the presence of An. aquasalis was implemented. Outcomes of this thesis highlight the interest of satellite imagery to monitor and control malaria vectors in French Guiana. This work offers predictive and decision support tools to assist vector control actions. In a context of need of new strategies and methods to improve entomological surveillance, this thesis is a major benefit for health authorities and fully meets the objectives of the quadrennial malaria control plan published in 2015 by the regional health agency of French Guiana.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) constitute a major problem given their broad substrate specificity and ability to hydrolyse many of the extended-spectrum third-generation cephalosporins currently in use in hospital settings. Guiana extended-spectrum-type (GES-1 – GES-9) ESBL enzymes have mainly been found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and only at a limited number of geographical sites, mainly France, Greece and South Africa. Detection of GES-type ESBL-producing P. aeruginosa isolates in the clinical microbiology laboratory using conventional methods is problematic with molecular methods yielding better results. The aim of this study was to utilise various molecular techniques to determine the prevalence of GES-type ESBLs, characterise their genetic determinants and determine their clonal relatedness. The study further aimed to apply a sequence-selective, competitive PNA-based multiplex PCR in real-time for the identification and differentiation of GES-type enzymes. The prevalence of GES-type ESBLs was determined successfully through DNA sequencing. An increase in GES-2 prevalence since 2000 was noted which emphasised the importance of constant surveillance to monitor antibiotic determinants, their spread and overall prevalence. The knowledge on prevalence could be used in turn to monitor the efficacy of infection control measures and antibiotic regimens. Repeated sequencing confirmed the presence of blaGES-5 in P. aeruginosa isolates. As far as could be established, this study reported the first occurrence of GES-5 in South Africa and was the second description of GES-5 in P. aeruginosa. Application of a sequence-specific, competitive PNA-based multiplex PCR in real-time utilising SYBR Green was not suitable for the identification and differentiation of the blaGES genes. Although the method achieved different melting temperatures for the bla<GES genes tested, these temperatures were not suitable for accurate differentiation. Melting temperatures obtained for the same blaGES gene varied and those for different genes overlapped. An approach exploiting the high temperature shift caused by the PNA-probe rather than its competitive nature might be more successful. Random amplified polymorphic DNA typing has been described as a fast and simple method with high discriminatory power for the typing of P. aeruginosa and was thus used to determine the clonal relatedness of the bla<GES positive P. aeruginosa isolates. The occurrence of identical or similar P. aeruginosa isolates producing ESBLs in a single hospital setting emphasised the importance of constant surveillance. The study further identified identical P. aeruginosa clones that occurred in different hospitals indicating spread from a common external reservoir into these hospitals. The occurrence of highly drug-resistant P. aeruginosa in the environment has serious implications in a country with an ever increasing immune-compromised population. These finding were of concern since they demonstrated that acquired GES ESBLs can rapidly emerge and become a major cause of broad-spectrum β-lactam resistance among nosocomial pathogens. The information obtained in this study should be used to create awareness of the potential ESBL problem threatening current antimicrobial regimens in South Africa. / Dissertation (MSc (Medical Microbiology))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Medical Microbiology / unrestricted

Orientador: Luzia Margareth Rago / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-11T21:02:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Romani_Carlo_D.pdf: 23389889 bytes, checksum: c5231ca317e22aa179fd81b9b6e19f5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Resumo: A área de fronteira ao longo do rio Oiapoque, entre o atual estado do Amapá e a Guiana Francesa, foi palco de uma longa disputa litigiosa entre os dois países e um lento processo de ocupação por parte do Estado brasileiro. Desde 1900, ano da incorporação definitiva da área ao território brasileiro, sucessivas migrações nacionais e estrangeiras, algumas naturais e outras induzidas pelo Estado, transitaram por essa área, sendo que somente uma pequena população efetivamente nela se fixou. Esta tese de doutorado vem preencher um vazio existente nos estudos históricos sobre o tema, articulando as ações empreendidas pelos diversos agentes desse povoamento. A partir dos discursos deixados pelos protagonistas do processo foi realizado um mapeamento etnográfico dessa variada população. Também foi feita uma análise do papel do Estado na implementação de uma política de soberania e de uma mecânica de disciplinas através de suas instituições. É ainda relevante neste trabalho a cartografia recuperada da vila de Clevelândia, palco central dessa história e para onde foram confinados, entre 1924 e 1927, os prisioneiros da Revolução de 1924 em São Paulo. Entre estes, pelo tratamento recebido e pela vida diferenciada, merecem destaques os ativistas anarquistas detidos durante a revolta / Abstract: The border by Oiapoque's river, which is located between the currently called Amapá State and French Guyana, was a land on which lay several litigious dispute between both countries as well as a slow occupation process by the Brazilian State. Since 1900, the year that occurred the definite attachment of the land to Brazilian territory, following local and external migrations, some of them absolutely natural whereas others were stimulated by the State, went through this area, although only a few actually settled down. This PhD thesis comes up in order to fulfill some of the gaps, which exists in historical studies on the subject, handling the deeds of the diverse settlement agents. From the speeches given by the protagonists of such process, an ethnographic map was made based on this diverse population. It was also made an analysis about the governmental role in the making of national sovereignty as well as in the mechanic of disciplines through its institutions. It is also of major importance to bring up the recovered cartography of Clevelandia's village, the center stage of this history and where the prisoners of the 1924 Revolution were confined. Amid them, the anarchist revolutionary who were arrested during the revolution deserve to be evidenced due to the treatment then received and for their unusual lifestyle / Doutorado / Doutor em História

A arqueologia amazônica passou por uma série de mudanças no entendimento sobre a natureza da ocupação pré-colonial desta região ao longo dos anos. Há hoje sólidas bases para perceber que a Amazônia, tanto no passado quanto no presente, é extremamente heterogênea, indo além do que colocam os modelos dicotômicos que historicamente influenciaram a arqueologia amazônica. Neste contexto, esta tese busca descrever uma longa história indígena em uma região da Amazônia, o litoral da Guayana, mais especificamente uma região compreendida entre foz do Amazonas até a foz do rio Orinoco, parte da conhecida historicamente \"Costa Selvagem\". Uma das perguntas fundamentais da tese, que busco perseguir através da descrição desta longa história, é qual a origem e natureza dos monumentos e das cerâmicas altamente elaboradas encontradas associadas a eles nesta região a leste da Guayana. Desta forma aqui apresentaremos uma síntese da ocupação, advinda dos novos dados obtidos nos últimos anos, iniciando com os primeiros ocupantes da Guayana Oriental até uma reconfiguração ética ocorrida na região a partir dos séculos XVIII e XIX D.C. Buscamos desta forma aqui alinhavar relações possíveis entre diversos elementos presentes na cultura material da região, monitorando continuidades e mudanças nas relações entre objetos, lugares e pessoas. / Branco.

The identity of the long-overlooked Ronabea morindoides and Patabea tenuiflora, synonymous with a species of Appunia (Rubiaceae). Candollea 76: 83-92. In English, English abstract. The identity of Ronabea morindoides A. Rich. has long been unclear and is here investigated. Two sheets of original material corresponding to this name are deposited in the General Herbarium of the National Museum of Natural History of Paris (P), and represent a mixed collection; one part of this material corresponds better with the description of this taxon and is more unambiguously identifiable, and is here designated the lectotype. With this typification, Ronabea morindoides represents a species of Appunia Hook. f. The identity of Patabea tenuiflora DC. has also remained uncertain since its description and is here clarified by studying the holotype in the Candolle Herbarium (G-DC); this is an additional synonym of R. morindoides. Taxonomic review of this group in the Guianas also finds that Ronabea morindoides is an older name for Appunia brachycalyx (Bremek.) Steyerm. and Appunia surinamensis Bremek. (Morindeae). Therefore, the new combination Appunia morindoides (A. Rich.) Delprete, C.M. Taylor & T. McDowell is here published. Received: August 15, 2020; Accepted: December 1, 2020; First published online: February 1, 2021