Abstract Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an important intracellular antioxidant enzyme, which has been suggested to play a role in tumour biology. In the present study, the expression and possible role of MnSOD in malignant pleural mesothelioma was investigated. Mesothelial cells in healthy visceral pleural tissue showed no MnSOD immunoreactivity in five out of six cases, whereas moderate or high immunoreactivity for MnSOD was detected in 30 out of 42 (71%) cases of mesothelioma. Only two of the 21 cases with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pleura showed moderate MnSOD immunoreactivity, the remaining 19 (90.5%) showing negative or weak reactivity (p < 0.001, by Fisher's exact test compared to mesothelioma). The immunostaining of catalase, a hydrogen peroxide scavenging antioxidant enzyme, was detectable in 27 of the 35 (77%) mesothelioma cases studied, whereas all the five samples of healthy pleural mesothelium were negative. Reactive mesothelium showed positive immunoreactivity for MnSOD and catalase, suggesting that induction of these enzymes is not specific for mesothelioma. Two continuous human mesothelioma cell lines showed higher MnSOD activity, immunoreactive protein and mRNA levels than non-malignant mesothelial cells. In addition, mesothelioma cells expressing the highest MnSOD levels had the highest levels of catalase and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase. The mitochondria of these cells expressed higher MnSOD and lower superoxide levels than non-malignant mesothelial cells. The mesothelioma cells with the highest antioxidant enzyme levels were most resistant to oxidant- and drug-induced injury and to drug-induced apoptosis compared to non-malignant mesothelial cells and mesothelioma cells with lower MnSOD and catalase levels. The extent of cell proliferation and apoptosis of mesothelioma tissue were 14.1±13.2% and 1.1±1.2%, respectively. MnSOD expression was inversely associated with cell proliferation (p = 0.02 by t-test), and a tendency for a better prognosis among patients with moderate or strong MnSOD expression was demonstrated. Patients displaying a tumour with enhanced proliferation or apoptosis had a poorer prognosis (p < 0.001 by Log Rank test). In conclusion, the MnSOD level is usually high in pleural mesothelioma, which may affect the proliferation and drug-resistance of mesothelioma cells. MnSOD immunostaining can thus possibly be used to distinguish mesothelioma from metastatic adenocarcinoma but not from reactive mesothelium.

The theoretical part of the diploma thesis deals with specific nutritional needs and the concept of healthy nutrition during period of adolescence. Knowledge and attitudes are constantly evolving in period of adolescence and can also be negatively affected in many ways (most often through media), so emphasis is placed on the risks of excessive or inadequate intake of energy and nutrients. A special chapter deals with eating disorders. The paper analyses individual categories of the food pyramid in detail, focusing on needs and pitfalls related to adolescents. The practical part of the diploma thesis focuses on mapping of the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents towards healthy nutrition. Main aims of this work were to compare the knowledge of adolescents about healthy nutrition, depending on the currently studied school and age (in this work was compared the younger group aged 13−15 with the older group aged 17− 19). Another aim of the work was to investigate the relationship between the attitude towards healthy nutrition and the sex and also the difference in attitudes between the two adolescent age categories. The used methodology was a questionnaire survey. From mid-February to the end of March 2017, data was collected at schools in the Central Bohemia Region, specifically in the town of...

Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) self-reported surveys from 2007-2012, this research explored the relationship between four healthy lifestyle characteristics - healthy weight, adequate daily fruit and vegetable intake, regular moderate to vigorous physical activity and not smoking - with food behaviors of low-income, food insecure women. The study examined three specific food behaviors (the use of SNAP, consumption of fast foods, and the utilization of community emergency food programs) to determine if these behaviors had a significant impact on low-income, food insecure women to follow healthy lifestyle characteristics. A secondary data analysis was conducted using binary logistic regression for the analysis. The study sample included low-income, food insecure women ages 18 and above. Once missing data were removed, the total sample size was 589. Results of this study indicate there are no significant relationships between adherence to two or more of the four healthy lifestyle characteristics with: (1) the use of SNAP, (2) the consumption of fast foods or (3) the utilization of community emergency food programs. This study illustrates the importance of understanding the food behaviors of low-income, food insecure woman in order to aid in the prevention of diseases caused by obesity. Although the research results from this study were not significant, it was clearly demonstrated that most Americans do not adhere to the four healthy lifestyle characteristics. The implications of this research enable social workers and other health professionals to understand how food behaviors may be a key factor in reducing or eliminating food insecurity and obesity of low-income, food insecure women in the US.

6 pp. / Research has shown a correlation between a healthy diet and reduced risk of breast cancer. Additional research is also demonstrating a link between regular physical activity and the reduction of breast cancer risk. A healthy diet is beneficial for the prevention of numerous diseases, including breast cancer. Regular physical activity is preventative for many diseases and health concerns, including breast cancer. This article outlines basic information about breast cancer, risk factors related to diet and physical activity, and breast cancer prevention through healthy diet and physical activity.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / After suffering almost total collapse. Rwanda has made impressive post-genocide progress. Many children of school going age are now attending school, but regrettably, only half complete primary school. High numbers of orphans, disabled children and a growing number of children from child-headed households still suffer the consequences of the poverty inherited from the past. Health problems include HIV/Aids, STIs, malaria, tuberculosis, enteric diseases, mental health problems, hunger and malnutrition. Use of drugs and substance abuse, unwanted pregnancies, lack of support services, unavailability of teaching and learning materials, inflexible curricula and poor teaching methodologies also contribute to learning breakdown. It is against this background that this thesis was conducted to investigate the development of a health-promoting schools model to provide an appropriate strategy to address barriers to learning and to promote healthy development of school children in Rwanda. Two research questions were the focus of this research, first, how does a health-promoting schools model provide an appropriate strategy to address barriers to learning and to promote healthy development of school-aged children in Rwanda and second, what are the participants’ views on and understanding of the model and its potential use in their schools? A mixed methods research design that employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches was used. The study followed sequential implementation: Phase 1 was concerned with the identification of the components for the model. It was a case study of four schools, two rural schools and two urban schools in Kigali City. The sample included 60 teachers, pupils, principals and parents from schools and nine key informants who were policymakers from the Ministries of Education and Health and Social Welfare, line institutions and the UNICEF. Data collection strategies included focus group discussions, semi-structured, in-depth individual interviews, a transect walk and observations. Data analysis was through content analysis. Eight themes emerged out of the data: school leadership and management; school health policies; pupil wellbeing; school partnership with parents, families and local communities; school health services; factors affecting teaching and learning for all children; teacher wellbeing; and a healthy physical school environment. These themes became the components that informed the development of a health-promoting schools model. In Phase 2, the degree of understanding of this proposed model and its components were investigated in each school community.

Despite widespread health promotion and nutrition education efforts, gaps between official healthy eating messages and people’s actual eating practices persist. There is increasing recognition that emphasizing individual responsibility for eating may have limited applicability in improving people’s health. Many experts advocate that future research on healthy eating should involve exploration of how food practices are shaped by social structures (or determinants) and individual agency. The purpose of this study was to explore the ways in which people engage with food structures to construct everyday notions of healthy eating. ‘Food structures’ draws on the concept of ‘structure,’ described by the social theorist Anthony Giddens, to refer to the range of food rules and resources people draw on. The research was conducted as part of a qualitative study on family food decision-making that included 144 participants from 13 African Nova Scotian, 10 European Nova Scotian, 12 Punjabi British Columbian and 11 European British Columbian families. These groups were chosen for their potential differences in perspectives based on place, ethnocultural background and histories of immigration to Canada. Data collection consisted of individual interviews with three or more family members aged 13 and older, and, with each family, observation of a grocery shopping trip and a family meal. Analysis followed common qualitative procedures including coding, memoing and thematic analysis. Together, the analyses support views that the gaps between official healthy eating messages and people’s eating practices may not be closed by further education about how to eat. Drawing on the theoretical concepts of Anthony Giddens and Michael Foucault, the findings suggest that one way to understand why people eat the way they do and how changes in eating habits occur is to think about the constant exposure to change through everyday, taken-for-granted practices. The findings also suggest that further healthy eating discourses may require more reflection with respect to the roles of nutrition educators and the social roles/autonomy of people in goals for health and well-being. Dietary goals for the population cannot be considered as isolated scientific objectives without taking into consideration how healthy eating discourses provide social standards beyond messages about healthy eating. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

Although the infectious initiation of peri-implantitis is commonly accepted, differences in microbial composition in peri-implantitis and periodontitis has been the subject of some debate. The presence of periodontal pathogens at sites with peri-implantitis has been documented by many studies. However, other studies have revealed that sites with peri-implantitis harbour high levels of microorganisms which have not primarily been associated with periodontitis, such as Candida-, Staphylococcus- and Enterobacteriaceae species. These findings suggest that peri-implantitis may display a flora distinct from that of periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of three known periodontal pathogens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Treponema denticola (T. denticola) at healthy and diseased (peri-implantitis) sites. A second aim was to evaluate the presence of Candida-, Staphylococcus- and Enterobacteriaceae-species at the same sites. The hypothesis was that A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, T. denticola, Candida-, Staphylococcus- and Enterobacteriaceae-species would be detected at higher levels in peri-implantitis samples than healthy controls. Samples of peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) were obtained from peri-implant pockets in 13 subjects, of which 5 subjects had both healthy and diseased implants, 4 subjects had healthy implants only and the remaining 4 had only diseased implants. Microbial analyses were carried out using Real Time PCR and microbial culture techniques. A. actinomycetemscomitans, P. gingivalis and T. denticola were detected at higher levels at sites with peri-implantitis compared to healthy sites. Furthermore, Klebsiella oxytoca was detected in one peri-implantitis sample whereas Candida- and Staphylococcus species were not detected in any of the samples. Higher counts of periodontal pathogens were detected around implants with peri-implantitis. The suggestion that Candida and Staphylococcus may be present at higher levels in peri-implantitis was not supported by this study as these bacteria could not be detected in any of the samples.

research of price aspects, motivations of consumers

Man sacrifices his health in order to make money. Then he sacrifices money to recuperate his health. (Dalajláma) The wealth of business depends on the health of workers. (Dr Maria Neira, Director, Department of Public Health and Environment, World Health Organization) The aim of the thesis on the topic "KPMG -- a healthy workplace" is to analyze the current state of KPMG as the Company supporting health. The thesis suggest changes to be improved in the future - and a long-term strategic plan. Using the method of analysis of the state were discussed several factors that affect the health of employees in the workplace. The author of the thesis advanced in the analysis through the "Quality Criteria for Healthy Workplace," which were created by the National Health Institute for the title of Health Promoting Enterprise. In conclusion of the thesis the author proposes a health promotion plan (Health Plan) and submits the possible path KPMG might take if it seeks to establish a clear Health Plan which could become a fixed part of the enterprise's business goals and values.

The aim of this Master's thesis is to create a business plan for rather a small restaurant that focuses on healthy, simple recipes using only fresh seasonal and local ingredients. Part of this business plan is also to evaluate the feasibility of the project through financial analysis. In theoretical part of this work I described steps which are taken and the rules that are generally kept through the process of making the business plan. The legislation and obligatory procedures the entrepreneur has to go through were also described in this part. The practical part obtains the actual business plan of the restaurant called "Eat Simple". In this part where different analysis of the market environment, marketing and financial plans could be found. At the end of the thesis you can also find the SWOT analysis of the restaurant which evaluate its strengths and weaknesses.