abstract: Diet quality is closely intertwined with overall health status and deserves close examination. Healthcare providers are stretched thin in the current stressed system and would benefit from a validated tool for rapid assessment of diet quality. The Rapid Eating and Activity Assessment for Participants Short Version (REAP-S) represents one such option. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the REAP-S and Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010) for scoring the diet quality of omnivorous, vegetarian and vegan diets. Eighty-one healthy male and female subjects with an average age of 30.9 years completed the REAP-S as well as a 24-hour dietary recall. REAP-S and HEI-2010 scores were calculated for each subject and evaluated against each other using Spearman correlations and Chi Square. Further analysis was completed to compare diet quality scores of the HEI-2010 and REAP-S by tertiles to examine how closely these two tools score diet quality. The mean HEI-2010 score was 47.4/100 and the mean REAP-S score was 33.5/39. The correlation coefficient comparing the REAP-S to the HEI-2010 was 0.309 (p=0.005), and the REAP-S exhibited a precision of 44.4% to the HEI-2010 for diet quality. The REAP-S significantly correlated with the HEI-2010 for whole fruit (r=0.247, p=0.026), greens and beans (r=0.276, p=0.013), seafood proteins (r=0.298, p=0.007), and fatty acids (r=0.400, p<0.001). When evaluated by diet type, the REAP-S proved to have increased precision in plant-based diets, 50% for vegetarian and 52% for vegan, over omnivorous diets (32%). The REAP-S is a desirable tool to rapidly assess diet quality in the community setting as it is significantly correlated to the HEI-2010 and requires less time, labor and money to score and assess than the HEI-2010. More studies are needed to evaluate the precision and validity of REAP-S in a broader, more diverse population. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Nutrition 2015

abstract: ABSTRACT Adolescence is a period marked by significant physical, developmental, cognitive, and social changes, all of which contribute to health concerns for teens. A steady rise in life expectancy over the past two centuries is potentially diminishing due to the increase in prevalence, severity, and consequences of obesity in children and adolescents related to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. Health behaviors are often established during childhood and adolescence that continue into adulthood. The development and integration of healthy lifestyle behaviors are vital through adolescence. Self-determination theory (SDT) offers a theoretical framework for attempting to understand individual differences in motivation and behavior. Recent studies have primarily focused on how adolescents make choices related to eating behaviors, physical activity, and self-care habits, and how the resultant behaviors are measured. Participants in this study were 63 healthy adolescents enrolled in 9th grade health class. All participants provided baseline data at Time 1 and again following the five-week pretest posttest intervention study at Time 2. This study examined the utility of SDT in the development of the Adolescent Intrinsic Motivation, a healthy lifestyle behavior intervention, using the tenets of SDT to explain healthy lifestyle motivational beliefs in adolescents, along with healthy lifestyle behaviors and knowledge. The AIM intervention study introduced basic health recommendations to adolescents in an autonomy-supportive environment, which has been shown to encourage the adolescent to make healthy behavior choices based on their own interest and enjoyment. Preliminary effects of the study indicated that participants receiving the AIM intervention demonstrated significant differences in motivational beliefs, healthy lifestyle knowledge, as well as healthy lifestyle behaviors from Time 1 (baseline) to Time 2 (post-intervention). Results of this study provide support for the use of SDT to address the competence, relatedness, and autonomy of adolescents in the development of health education material. Testing this intervention in a larger, random sampling of schools within the state, or even in more than one state, with a three- or six-month follow-up would be useful in determining the longer-term effects of the intervention. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Nursing and Healthcare Innovation 2015

Poor nutrition and impaired dietary intakes are associated with certain chronic disease states such as obesity, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. There have been a number of school-based, nutrition-focused interventions which have been used to measure and determine healthy eating behaviours in UK school children but with varying degrees of success. The main aim of this thesis was to develop, pilot and evaluate the Children’s Health, Activity and Nutrition: Get Educated! (CHANGE!), a healthy eating curriculum for year 6 children. A formative study, unique in this type of intervention study, was carried out to investigate the behaviours, habits and attitudes to food of the children and the data collected used to inform the design of the intervention teaching curriculum. It revealed the diversity of the food and eating environments to which the children were exposed. Some of their perceptions about health and food, food choices and eating behaviours were inter-related. The key health messages included in the teaching curriculum were developed from these findings. At baseline, the participants’ food intakes, knowledge about food and nutrition and their attitudes to eating were measured using questionnaires. Additionally anthropometric measurements were taken and the children’s postcodes used to assess the socio-economic status of the children. The results showed that the control and intervention groups were alike at baseline. At post-intervention, the results indicated that there were some positive changes to food intakes, with a slight decrease in the consumption of negative marker foods. There was an increase in the total mean food knowledge scores, with children from the areas of lower deprivation scoring highest. There was no significant difference between control and intervention groups. The children’s eating attitudes displayed some trends with cues to eating. There was a significant increase in height in all children but this did not alter the body mass index status of the overweight or obese children. The importance of the use of CHANGE! as an intervention at the school-level is demonstrated by some of the more important findings from the study, such as the increased self-assessed ability to make certain foods, and that there was an increase in total food knowledge scores from the children who lived in areas of lower deprivation. These results could potentially be the starting point for some children to start questioning the types of food they are habitually eating and maybe looking to make some adjustments to their behaviours, as even small changes can be nutritionally significant in the longer-term for the future health of the children. Furthermore, the sustainability and long-term effects of CHANGE! need additional assessment and evaluation.

Orientador: Eliana Goldfarb Cyrino / Banca: Alice Yamashita Prearo / Banca: Luciana Maria Lunardi Campos / Resumo: Considerando-se que a alimentação e a nutrição são aspectos fundamentais para a promoção da saúde da criança, a presente pesquisa tem por objetivo identificar a concepção da criança em idade escolar em relação à alimentação e nutrição. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de abordagem interpretativa, na qual foram entrevistadas dezessete crianças com idade de 9 a 11 anos de uma escola municipal de Botucatu, no interior paulista, no ano de 2011. Foram realizadas duas entrevistas semi-estruturadas; questionário com questões abertas; observação participativa com uma oficina culinária, leitura e interpretação de histórias infantis e trabalho com desenhos e; diário de campo, como material para coleta de dados. As entrevistas abordaram as concepções das crianças em relação à alimentação e a nutrição. Essas foram gravadas e tiveram a duração de cerca de uma hora cada uma As transcrições foram feitas pela pesquisadora. Os dados foram apresentados de forma descritiva e as entrevistas foram interpretadas através de análise de conteúdo, sendo que emergiram dos dados empíricos cinco categorias de análise. Como resultados, esse estudo possibilitou identificar que as crianças têm noção do caminho por que passam os alimentos nos seus sistemas digestivos e percebem a digestão nas suas diferentes etapas. Além disso, aponta a presença da mãe na prática alimentar e na escolha dos cardápios. Há, ainda, preocupação com a concepção dos alimentos como promotores de saúde e também como produtores de doenças e até como sua falta ou excesso pode contribuir para o óbito. As crianças destacam as funções dos alimentos assim como seus componentes específicos e apresentam concepções adequadas sobre as qualidades especificas de alimentos considerados promotores de saúde. No entanto... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Considering that alimentation and nutrition are crucial for the child health promotion, the present work aims to identify the school-age child's conception in relation to alimentation and nutrition. This is a qualitative-interpretive approach-research in with seventeen children aged 9-11 years have been interviewed on a municipal school of Botucatu in the countryside of São Paulo in 2011. Several activities were realized as two semi-structured interviews; a questionnaire with open questions; a culinary workshop dynamic observation; children's stories reading and drawings interpretation; and work with a field journal, as material for data collection. The interviews approached the children conception about alimentation and nutrition. They were recorded and lasted approximately one hour each. The interviews approached the children conception about alimentation and nutrition. They were recorded and lasted approximately one hour each. The transcripts were made by the researcher. Data were presented descriptively and interviews were interpreted using content analysis. Five categories of analysis emerged from empirical data. As a result, this study identified that children have notion of the way the food passes in their digestive systems have the perception of digestion in its different stages. Furthermore, it indicates the presence of the mother in eating habits and choice of menus. There is also concern about the concept of food as health promoters as well as producers of disease and even as their lack or excess can contribute to death. Children highlight the roles of food as well as their specific components and have adequate conceptions about the special qualities of foods considered health promoters. However, it was revealed that they do not like foods such as vegetables and some fruits and this may be related to the habits... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The goal of the diploma thesis is comparison between vegetarianism and healthy lifestyle of adolescents. The theoretical part is focused on related bibliography. The vegetarianism is described from its beginning to nowadays. Also the phenomenon of healthy lifestyle and characteristics of important stage of life {--} adolescent are described. The second part is focused on the comparison itself. Comparison was performed on questionnaire placed on websites. Obtained data were statistically analysed by Statistica 7 and WEKA applications. Results from both methods proved that non-vegetarians part of population consume more alcohol and smokes more than the vegetarians part of population.

This thesis is composed of two main parts. In the first part of this work there is theory of healthy nutrition presented. The theoretical part includes, for example: basic informations about healthy nutrition, short list of content substances in food and summary of food additives. Main task of the second (experimental part) was to find out what knowledge have students in second level of primary school (especially pupils of 8th and 9th class) about heatlhy nutrition. There was used a didactic test for students knowledge research. Finally, there are evaluated test results in tables and graphs and summarized most important conclusions. Finally, the results of tests are evaluated in tables and graphs and conclusions are summarized.

INTRODUÇÃO: a introdução de esquemas antirretrovirais altamente potentes, no tratamento da Aids pode estar associada ao aparecimento de alterações metabólicas em pacientes com HIV/Aids. Além da terapia antirretroviral, outros fatores, como a dieta podem contribuir para o aparecimento dessas alterações em adolescentes com HIV/Aids. Assim, faz-se necessária a avaliação da qualidade da dieta de indivíduos dessa população. OBJETIVO: analisar a qualidade da dieta de adolescentes com HIV/Aids. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal aninhado a uma coorte de pacientes com HIV/Aids atendidos pela Unidade de Infectologia do Instituto da Criança (ICr-São Paulo). Foram avaliados 88 adolescentes (10 a 19 anos). Informações sobre o histórico da doença e uso de medicamentos foram obtidas a partir de prontuários médicos. Os adolescentes responderam a dois recordatórios de 24 horas e um questionário sobre atividade física habitual. Peso, altura e circunferência da cintura foram medidos em duplicata. A qualidade da dieta foi avaliada por meio do Índice de Qualidade da Dieta (IQD-R). O IQD-R é composto de 12 itens e a pontuação final varia de 0 a 100 pontos. Foram calculados os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson entre o IQD-R e as variáveis independentes. Também foram feitas as comparações das médias do IQD-R segundo as variáveis independentes pelo teste t-Student ou Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: a média para o IQD-R foi 51,90 pontos (EP=0,90 pontos). Os componentes que apresentaram menores médias foram cereais integrais e sódio. Os componentes que tiveram maiores médias foram cereais totais e óleos. Adolescentes moradores de casas de apoio tiveram média maior para fruta total e menor para carnes e leguminosas, quando comparados aos adolescentes que moravam com a família. Meninas apresentaram média maior para leite e derivados e menor para calorias provenientes de gorduras sólidas, bebidas alcoólicas e açúcares adicionados quando comparadas com meninos. CONCLUSÃO: os adolescentes com HIV/Aids avaliados apresentaram padrão de consumo alimentar semelhante ao de adolescentes da população geral: alto consumo de açúcar, gordura saturada e sódio e consumo insuficiente de cereais integrais e frutas. Atenção especial deve ser dada à dieta de adolescentes com HIV/Aids, pois eles estão em maior risco de desenvolver doenças cardiovasculares ou outras doenças crônicas. / INTRODUCTION: the introduction of the highly active antiretroviral therapy in the treatment of AIDS might be associated with the emergence of metabolic disturbances in patients with HIV/AIDS. Apart from the antiretroviral therapy, other factors, such as diet may contribute to the emergence of these disturbances in adolescents with HIV/Aids. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate diet quality of individuals from this population. OBJECTIVE: to assess diet quality among adolescents with HIV/AIDS. METHODS: in a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort of patients with HIV/AIDS treated at the Infectious Disease Unity of the Instituto da Criança (ICr-São Paulo) 88 adolescents (10 to 19 years old) were assessed. Information on disease history and use of medication were obtained from medical records. Adolescents responded to two 24-hour recalls and one questionnaire on habitual physical activity. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured twice. Diet quality was assessed by means of the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005). The HEI-2005 is composed of 12 items and the final score ranges from 0 to 100 points. Pearson´s correlation coefficients between the HEI-2005 and the independent variables were calculated. HEI-2005 means were also compared according to the independent variables by means of Student´s t-test or Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: The mean for the HEI-2005 was 51.90 points (SE=0.90 points). The components with the lowest means were whole grains and sodium. The components with highest means were total grains and oils. Adolescents living in foster homes had higher mean for total fruit and lower mean for meats and beans when compared to adolescents living with their families. Girls had higher mean for milk and dairy products and lower for calories from solid fats, alcoholic beverages, and added sugars when compared to boys. CONCLUSION: Adolescents with HIV/Aids showed an eating pattern similar to the adolescents from the general population: high consumption of added sugar, saturated fat and sodium and inadequate ingestion of whole grains and fruits. Special attention should be paid to the diet of adolescents with HIV/AIDS, because they are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.

Os videogames, uma das mais fortes correntes da indústria do entretenimento, têm também influenciado a área da Educação Física através de novos artefatos digitais que possibilitam a interação corporal. O jogo de videogame Wii Fit, objeto desta pesquisa, é um dos jogos que tem como principal objetivo incentivar a prática de atividades físicas moderadas e promoção da saúde de maneira lúdica. Esta dissertação apresenta uma análise sobre como os usuários do jogo de videogame Wii Fit acionam sobre si mesmos, põem em circulação e compartilham os preceitos de vida saudável veiculados pelo jogo. O trabalho apresenta uma revisão de literatura sobre os videogames, mostrando como seus mecanismos de interação evoluíram até chegarmos ao estado atual, no qual os jogadores podem interagir com os jogos a partir de movimentos corporais amplos. Os referenciais teóricos sobre estilo de vida saudável também são apresentados, com o objetivo de melhor compreender de que modo o jogo Wii Fit se enquadra nestes preceitos. A pesquisa realizada se baseou na netnografia para analisar o jogo Wii Fit como um artefato cultural e avaliar como a sua utilização está influenciando a vida dos usuários frente às propostas de estilo de vida saudável. Três comunidades virtuais dentro da rede social Facebook foram pesquisadas, buscando relatos sobre as percepções dos usuários quanto à influência do jogo em suas práticas de atividade física e manutenção de hábitos salutares. As análises realizadas sobre estes relatos são aqui apresentadas, mostrando que o jogo Wii Fit não apenas promove a prática de atividades físicas regulares, mas também permite conscientizar seus usuários quanto à melhoria da qualidade de vida. A partir da realização desta pesquisa foi possível observar que o jogo de videogame Wii Fit se tornou um marco na evolução dos videogames e nas relações humano/máquina, firmando-se como uma sucursal em potencial do estilo de vida saudável. / Video games, one of the most powerful sectors to the entertainment industry, has also been influencing the area of Physical Education through new digital artifacts which enable body interaction. Wii Fit, subject of this research, is one of these games, having as its main goal to motivate users to practice physical activities and to promote health in a fun way. This dissertation presents an analysis on how the users of Wii Fit actionate on themselves, socialize and share the precepts of healthy life proposed by the game. This work presents a literature review about videogames, showing how their interaction mechanisms evolved to the point where we are nowadays, where players can interact with the games through their body movements. The theoretical background on healthy lifestyle is also presented, with the goal of better understanding how Wii Fit may be related to these concepts. The research carried out was based on a virtual ethnographic study to analyse the Wii Fit game as a cultural artifact and evaluate how its use has influenced its users’ lives, according to the proposals of healthy lifestyle. Three virtual communities in the social network Facebook were researched, looking for testimonies about the users’ perceptions about the games’ influence in their physical activity practice and healthy habits maintenance. The analyses made about these testimonies are presented here, showing that the game Wii Fit does not only promote the regular practice of physical activities, as it makes its users aware of their quality of life improvement. From this research it was observed that the Wii Fit game has become a landmark in the evolution of video games and in human/machine interaction, establishing itself as a potential branch of the healthy lifestyle.

O nebivolol, um fármaco com quatro centros quirais, está disponível na clínica como mistura racêmica dos isômeros d-nebivolol (SRRR) e l-nebivolol (RSSS). A atividade -adrenérgica do nebivolol reside no isômero d-nebivolol, enquanto o l-nebivolol promove a liberação de óxido nítrico das células endoteliais. O nebivolol é eliminado por metabolismo dependente do CYP2D6. O estudo avalia a farmacocinética e a relação farmacocinética-farmacodinâmica (PK-PD) dos isômeros do nebivolol em voluntários sadios. Foram investigados 15 voluntários sadios (10 homens e 5 mulheres) fenotipados com metoprolol como metabolizadores extensivos (EM, n=13) ou metabolizadores lentos para o CYP2D6 (PM, n=2). Os voluntários sadios foram tratados com dose única oral de 10 mg de nebivolol racêmico. As amostras seriadas de sangue foram coletadas até 48 h após a administração do fármaco. Os isômeros do nebivolol foram resolvidos na coluna Chirobiotic® V e analisados nas amostras de plasma empregando LC-MS/MS. Os parâmetros farmacocinéticos foram calculados por modelo bicompartimental com lag time, empregando o programa WinNonLin. A farmacodinâmica do nebivolol foi avaliada empregando como parâmetro a variação da frequência cardíaca entre os períodos final e anterior ao teste de esforço isométrico durante 2 min utilizando o handgrip a 30% da contratilidade voluntária máxima. A análise PK-PD relacionando o efeito na variação da frequência cardíaca induzida pelo exercício isométrico com as concentrações plasmáticas do isômero d-nebivolol foi avaliada empregando o modelo Emax sigmóide inibitório. A disposição cinética do nebivolol é enantiosseletiva nos voluntários sadios EM, com razões isoméricas de AUCl/ AUCd de 1,41. Os valores de concentração plasmática máxima (1,46 vs 0,79 ng/mL), área sob a curva concentração plasmática versus tempo (6,45 vs 3,99 ng.h/mL), clearance aparente (774,51 vs 1252,70 L/h) e volume de distribuição aparente (10936 vs 19082 L) mostram diferenças com significância estatística (Teste de Wilcoxon, p<0,05) entre os isômeros l-nebivolol e d-nebivolol para os voluntários sadios EM. A disposição cinética do nebivolol não é enantiosseletiva nos voluntários sadios PM investigados, com razões isoméricas de AUCl/AUCd de 0,93 e 0,98. Os valores de clearance aparente obtidos para os voluntários PM (87-350 vs 81-344 L/h, respectivamente para o l-nebivolol e d-nebivolol) são menores do que para os EM (775 vs 1253 L/h). O modelo Emax sigmóide inibitório descreveu a análise PK-PD relacionando o efeito na variação da frequência cardíaca induzida pelo exercício isométrico com as concentrações plasmáticas do isômero d-nebivolol em voluntários sadios EM com valores de Emax de 4,47 bpm (IC 95% 1,37-7,57) e de EC50 de 222,16 pg/mL (IC 95% 96,29-540,60 pg/mL). / Nebivolol is a drug with four chiral centers. It is administered in clinical practice as a racemic mixture of the isomers d-nebivolol (SRRR) and l-nebivolol (RSSS). The - blocking activity of nebivolol is attributed to d-nebivolol, whereas l-nebivolol promotes the release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells. Nebivolol is eliminated by metabolism dependent on CYP2D6. The present study evaluates the pharmacokinetic and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) of nebivolol isomers in healthy volunteers (10 men and 5 women) phenotyped with metoprolol as extensive metabolisers (EM, n=13) or poor metabolisers for CYP2D6. The healthy volunteers receveid a single oral dose of 10mg of racemic nebivolol. Serial blood samples were collected from 0 to 48 h after the administration of nebivolol. The isomers of nebivolol were analyzed by LC-MS-MS on a Chirobiotic® V column and the pharmacokinetic parameters (bicompartment model, micro, lag time, first order) were calculated by the software Winnonlin. The pharmacodynamic of nebivolol was evaluated using the variation of heart rate as parameter between the end and one minute before the handgrip exercise. Thus, the patients were oriented to conduct the isometric exercise with handgrip for 2 min at 30% of their maximum voluntary contractility. The PK-PD analysis relating the effect on the variation of heart rate induced by the isometric exercise and the plasma concentrations of the isomer d-nebivolol were evaluated using the Inhibitory effect sigmoid Emax model. The kinetic disposition of nebivolol is enantioselective on healthy volunteers EM, with isomeric ratios of AUCl/ AUCd of 0,93 e 0,98. The values of maximum plasma concentration (1,46 vs 0,79 ng/mL), area under the concentration time curve (6,45 vs 3,99 ng.h/mL), apparent clearance(774,51 vs 1252,70 L/h) and volume of distribution (10936 vs 19082 L) show statistically significant differences (p<0.05, Wilcoxon test) between the isomers l-nebivolol and d-nebivolol for the healthy volunteers EM. The kinetic disposition of nebivolol is not enantioselective on the healthy volunteers PM investigated, with isomeric ratios of AUCl/ AUCd of 1,07. The values of apparent clearance obtained for the volunteers pm (87-350 vs 81-344 L/h, respectively to l-nebivolol and d-nebivolol) are smaller than that for EM (775 vs 1253 L/h). The Inhibitory effect sigmoid Emax model described the PK-PD analysis described the effect on the variation of heart rate induced by handgrip isometric exercise with the plasma concentrations of the isomer d-nebivolol in healthy volunteers EM with Emax values of 4,47 bpm (IC 95% 1,37-7,57) and EC50 of 222,16 pg/mL (IC 95% 96,29-540,60 pg/mL).

Master of Science / Department of Computer Science / Mitchell L. Neilsen / It’s difficult to keep track of sleep patterns, medicine and water intake. Having sufficient sleep every day is very important as not getting enough sleep can lead to difficulties remembering things, concentrating and other problems. This application provides tools to track the sleeping pattern of the user based on the inputs given. When the user picks a date, a weekly graph is generated to see how the user’s sleep cycle looks. It also displays the average hours the user slept each day and the sleep pattern type below the graph. Medicine reminder is another tool which reduces the risk of skipping medicines. As many people tend to complicate the severity level of the disease by forgetting to take the required medicine, this app can help them to prevent such problems. It reminds them to take their medicine at the entered times until the end of the course duration. People often tend to forget to drink enough water. Staying hydrated is very important for our body to function properly and flush out toxins. For this purpose, this app features a water reminder to remind the user to drink water every hour until the daily limit is reached. This is done by calculating the amount of water that should be consumed every day based on the user’s details like age, weight, physical activity and gender. Apart from these, to stay fit and healthy one should do some physical activity every day which helps to activate their body. The instructions and videos of some exercises, information on health tips, and natural remedies to some common health problems that can be cured without any medication are provided in the app. This would be a very convenient application for those who are very busy with their work life and have difficult time tracking their sleep, medicine times and staying hydrated at work.