Global ETD Search

1	Diet Quality of Omnivores, Vegans and Vegetarians as Measured by the Healthy Eating Index 2010 and the Rapid Eating and Activity Assessment for Participants Short Version January 2015 (has links) abstract: Diet quality is closely intertwined with overall health status and deserves close examination. Healthcare providers are stretched thin in the current stressed system and would benefit from a validated tool for rapid assessment of diet quality. The Rapid Eating and Activity Assessment for Participants Short Version (REAP-S) represents one such option. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the REAP-S and Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010) for scoring the diet quality of omnivorous, vegetarian and vegan diets. Eighty-one healthy male and female subjects with an average age of 30.9 years completed the REAP-S as well as a 24-hour dietary recall. REAP-S and HEI-2010 scores were calculated for each subject and evaluated against each other using Spearman correlations and Chi Square. Further analysis was completed to compare diet quality scores of the HEI-2010 and REAP-S by tertiles to examine how closely these two tools score diet quality. The mean HEI-2010 score was 47.4/100 and the mean REAP-S score was 33.5/39. The correlation coefficient comparing the REAP-S to the HEI-2010 was 0.309 (p=0.005), and the REAP-S exhibited a precision of 44.4% to the HEI-2010 for diet quality. The REAP-S significantly correlated with the HEI-2010 for whole fruit (r=0.247, p=0.026), greens and beans (r=0.276, p=0.013), seafood proteins (r=0.298, p=0.007), and fatty acids (r=0.400, p<0.001). When evaluated by diet type, the REAP-S proved to have increased precision in plant-based diets, 50% for vegetarian and 52% for vegan, over omnivorous diets (32%). The REAP-S is a desirable tool to rapidly assess diet quality in the community setting as it is significantly correlated to the HEI-2010 and requires less time, labor and money to score and assess than the HEI-2010. More studies are needed to evaluate the precision and validity of REAP-S in a broader, more diverse population. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Nutrition 2015 Nutrition Diet Quality Healthy Eating Index Omnivore Vegan Vegetarian
2	Multidimensional facets of cultural distinction in the music domain : context, methods, and meanings Leguina Ruzzi, Adrian Antonio January 2015 (has links) From different traditions, research in the field of sociology of cultural taste and consumption has argued that contemporary societies are symbolically stratified through cultural engagement. These theoretical frameworks differ mainly in their explanations of the mechanisms that shape the relationship between culture and social stratification. Motivated by concepts from Pierre Bourdieu, Richard A. Peterson, and other key scholars, this thesis is focused on addressing the relationship between music consumption and social stratification. Due to its peculiar characteristics, music provides a good illustration of how people, through cultural engagement, draw boundaries that symbolically differentiate social groups. Although literature in the area has made great progress, there are still theoretical and empirical gaps. It is possible to find some passionate views which deny the relevance of some operationalisations and methods over others (Wuggenig, 2007; Chan, 2010a). From a comparative point of view it is questioned whether different dimensions of cultural practices can deliver consistent results (Peterson, 2005; Purhonen, Gronow and Rahkonen, 2011; Yaish and Katz-Gerro, 2012). Research which focuses on comparisons between societies frequently lacks detailed theoretical conceptualisations regarding how cultural items are distributed in different social settings (Katz-Gerro, 2011; Purhonen and Wright, 2013). Other important gap in the literature is the lack of understanding about how technologies act as an element of social distinction (López-Sintas, Cebollada, Filimon and Gharhaman, 2014). The main objective of this research is therefore to review how research has defined and studied the relationship between culture and society across several perspectives and to offer new insights which significantly contribute to the advancement of knowledge of the sociology of cultural taste and consumption. This is motivation for the development of four research articles which use several quantitative methods to analyse survey data from Austria, England, Chile, Finland, Israel and Serbia. This thesis shows that musical engagement, regardless of how and where it is measured, remains socially stratified. Age is the primary stratifying factor for musical engagement, highlighting the distinction between popular music preferred by the younger age cohorts, and the classical or traditional music of the older. Both are reinforced by educational level and social class. Individuals displaying broader musical preferences are more likely to be in advantageous positions. This concurs with arguments about omnivorism as a manifestation of cultural homology in the classic Bourdieusian sense (Lizardo and Skiles, 2012). Thanks to the innovative analysis of available data and the use of more specific cultural indicators it is possible to elaborate research questions to address the study of musical engagement and its place in society, integrating research methods, theory of practices, local and global contexts, and technologies as salient analytical dimensions. 303.4
3	Chemical ecological study on tritrophic interaction networks consisting of omnivores, herbivores and plants / 雑食性昆虫ー植食性昆虫ー植物から構成される三栄養段階相互作用ネットワークの化学生態学的解析 Hojun, Rim 23 March 2016 (has links) 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第19534号 / 理博第4194号 / 新制\|\|理\|\|1602(附属図書館) / 32570 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授髙林純示, 教授永益英敏, 教授石田厚 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM omnivore plant volatile tritrophic interaction olfaction learning 400
4	Kulturellt kapital & Konsumtion : Betydelsen av ”hur” svenska studenter konsumerar / Cultural capital & Consumption : The importance of “how” Swedish students consume Axman, Olof, Sörensen, Stellan January 2019 (has links) The thesis makes a contribution to the debate on the relationship between cultural consumption, cultural taste preferences and class. This field is well researched, but there is no consensus on the relationship between these variables. That cultural consumption is patterned by social status in society is one of the most fundamental insights of cultural sociology. Pierre Bourdieu’s Distinction: A social criticism of the taste assessment (1984) is a central work in the field. Over time, however, Bourdieu's vision has come to be questioned by various empirical findings. The questioning comes, among other findings, from Peterson's (2005) coinage of the cultural omnivore. Defining the cultural omnivore is an increased range of cultural preferences and a will to mix hierarchical cultural preference boundaries. The purpose of the thesis was to fill some of the gaps described by earlier research and seek out how the relations take shape in a Swedish student context. The questions the essay sought to answer were; how does the relationship looks between cultural consumption and class among Swedish students; how does the cultural omnivore reason about his or her wide taste preference; is distinctions among cultural omnivores present and how does it look? Through Exploratory sequential mixed-method, 10 interviews were conducted to later develop a survey that sought to generate some of the results that emerged in the interviews. The result shows that distinction seems to prevail in how cultural products are consumed rather than what is consumed. No clear links between cultural capital and consumption patterns were demonstrated in the results of the survey. The interviews however showed a strong link between cultural capital and how something is consumed, understood and appreciated. / Denna uppsats gör ett inlägg i debatten om relationen mellan kulturell konsumtion, kulturella smakpreferenser och klass. Det aktuella fältet är väl beforskat, men det råder ingen konsensus kring relationen mellan dessa variabler. Att kulturell konsumtion är mönstrat av social ställning i samhället är en av de mest grundläggande insikterna i kultursociologi. Pierre Bourdieus Distinction: a social critique of the judgement of taste (1984) är ett centralt verk inom fältet. Med tiden har dock Bourdieus bild kommit att ifrågasättas av olika empiriska fynd. Ifrågasättandet kommer från bland annat Petersons (2005) myntande av den kulturella allätaren (the cultural omnivore). Vad som definierar den kulturella allätaren är en ökad bredd av kulturella preferenser och en vilja att blanda hierarkiska kulturella genregränser. Syftet var att fylla några av de luckor som beskrivits av annan forskning och söka hur det ser ut i en svensk studentkontext. Frågeställningarna uppsatsen sökte besvara var; hur ser relationen ut mellan kulturell konsumtion och klass bland svenska studenter; hur resonerar den kulturella allätaren kring sin breda smakpreferens; är särskiljning (distinction) bland kulturella allätare närvarande och hur ser den i så fall ut? Genom Exploratory sequential mixed-method genomfördes 10 intervjuer för att sedan utveckla en enkät som sökte generalisera några av de resultat som framkommit i intervjuerna. Resultatet pekar på att särskiljning främst tycks råda i hur man konsumerar kulturella produkter snarare än vad man konsumerar. Inga tydliga kopplingar mellan kulturellt kapital och konsumtionsmönster påvisades i enkäten. Intervjuerna påvisade dock en stark koppling mellan kulturellt kapital och hur något konsumeras, förstås och tas in. Cultural consumption cultural capital distinction cultural omnivore Kulturell konsumtion kulturellt kapital särskiljning kulturell allätare Sociology Sociologi
5	Les effets des coupes forestières sur la diète des coléoptères en forêt boréale mixte Longpré, Félix 09 1900 (has links) (PDF) La stabilité des communautés naturelles est liée aux propriétés des réseaux trophiques. Des propriétés comme l'omnivorie et le généralisme augmentent les voies possibles de transfert d'énergie et répartissent le stress de la prédation sur plusieurs espèces, se qui stabilisent les communautés, réduit la pression sur les espèces rares et minimisent la perte de biodiversité. Toutefois, la caractérisation de la diète d'organismes cryptiques comme les arthropodes épigés est complexe et requiert l'utilisation d'outils comme les isotopes stables de carbone (δ13C) et d'azote (δ15N). Le ratio isotopique du carbone retrouvé dans un organisme indique les sources d'énergie utilisé par ce dernier tandis que son ratio isotopique d'azote révèle son niveau trophique. De plus, les écarts types des δ13C et δ15N d'une population indiquent respectivement le degré de généralisme et d'omnivorie de cette population. Le présent mémoire présente deux chapitres sous forme d'articles. Dans le premier article, nous avons évalué les effets de divers intensités de coupes forestières en forêt boréale mixte sur le degré de généralisme et d'omnivorie de quatre prédateurs épigés (Pterostichus adstrictus Eschscholtz, Staphylinus pleuralis Leconte, Platynus decentis (Say), Stereocerus haematopus Dejean) 2, 6 et 9 ans après les coupes en mesurant la réponse isotopique (δ13C et δ15N) des populations. Les traitements sylvicoles ont eu lieu sous deux types de couverts (feuillus ct de conifères) et sont : 1) des coupes totales, 2) des coupes partielles (20% de rétention) et 3) des peuplements. Toutes les combinaisons de peuplements et de traitements furent répliquées trois fois et font partie d'une expérience plus grande nommée EMEND, toujours en cours au Nord de l'Alberta. Nos résultats ont révélé peu d'effet des coupes sur le degré de généralisme et d'omnivorie des espèces. Nous avons toutefois détecté une élévation du δ15N de P. adstrictus et S. pleuralis dans les coupes totales. Ces élévations du δ15N pourraient indiquer des changements de diètes vers des proies de niveaux trophiques plus élevés ou encore un état de jeûne dû à un manque de ressources. Puisque les effets sont tout d'abord visibles dans les coupes totales, il est possible que les coupes partielles soient plus aptes à protéger les ressources que les coupes totales. Dans le deuxième article, nous avons testé la relation entre la longueur des coléoptères de trois guildes (herbivores, fungivores et prédateurs) et leur niveau trophique (δ15N). Les coléoptères furent récoltés à l'été 2000 dans les peuplements témoins de feuillus et de conifères d'EMEND. Nous n'avons pas trouvé de relation positive entre la longueur et le niveau trophique des coléoptères, mais ces résultats suggèrent que la taille détermine en grande partie la niche et le type de matière consommée par les espèces. Nos résultats démontrent également que la diète des espèces ne change pas au cours que la succession forestière, ce qui suggère une limite dans la capacité des coléoptères à changer leur type d'alimentation. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Isotopes stables, forêt boréale, réseaux trophiques, ornnivorie, coléoptères. Abattage d'arbres Alimentation animale Chaîne alimentaire Coléoptère Isotope lourd Forêt boréale Forêt mixte Omnivore
6	Moral Emotions and Justifying Beliefs about Meat, Fish, Dairy and Egg Consumption: A Comparative Study of Dietary Groups Ioannidou, Maria, Lesk, Valerie E., Stewart-Knox, Barbara, Francis, K.B. 16 May 2023 (has links) Yes / Meat eaters and meat abstainers differ in their beliefs and moral emotions related to meat consumption alongside gender differences. Few studies have investigated beliefs and moral emotions in pescatarians and vegans. Little is known about differences in moral emotions and beliefs regarding dairy, eggs, and fish or about speciesist beliefs within and between specific dietary groups. To address this gap, we investigated moral emotions (consumption-related disgust and guilt), attitudes towards animals (Animal Attitudes Scale) and justifying beliefs related to meat (Carnism Inventory), dairy, egg, and fish consumption in omnivores (n = 167), pescatarians (n = 110), vegetarians (n = 116), and vegans (n = 149). Results showed that people who consumed animal-derived products reported lower disgust and guilt and held stronger justifying beliefs about consumption of these products, than those who did not consume animal products. All dietary groups significantly differed from each other in their attitudes about using animals for human benefit, with omnivores showing the least positive attitudes towards animals, followed by pescatarians and vegetarians, and with vegans showing the most positive attitudes towards animals. Women experienced greater moral emotions and held fewer justifying beliefs than men within groups where animal products were consumed and this was related to the animal-based products they consume (i.e., fish for pescatarians and eggs/dairy for vegetarians). These findings emphasise the importance of considering a wider range of animal products, and dietary groups in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the psychological underpinnings of animal product consumption. The results highlight differences between dietary groups in attitudes and moral concern towards animals, which may be important to consider when designing interventions to reduce animal product consumption. Food choice Vegetarian Vegan Omnivore Pescatarian Moral emotion Disgust Guilt Carnistic beliefs
7	Kosthållningars olika betydelse för elevers hälsa och skolgång / The importance of varying diets for students health and schooling Nilsson, Hampus, Ljungbrant, Julia January 2022 (has links) The work aims to contribute to the field of educational science regarding how students are affected in school depending on the intake of animal products. Information about the area has been searched on several databases, mainly on Libsearch. The articles from the results were found through the databases Libsearch and Swepub. Results have been excluded if they were not relevant to the purpose or issue of the work, and if they were not peer reviewed. The results show that there are similarities and barriers between the intake of animal products. For example, vegetarians eat fewer meals. Further results also show that the exclusion of meals such as breakfast and lunch affects the performance of students in school. Some vegetarians also seem to think that food without meat is perceived as healthier, later in the text you can read that school lunch is eaten to a greater extent if it is considered healthy. This can thus be a method of reducing barriers between omnivores and vegetarians. Different results are available at the current activity level, but the training capacity could be derived to be equal between omnivores, vegetarians and vegans. It was a challenge to find studies conducted in Europe. Further research in this area is therefore considered necessary, as cultural differences may affect social health, psychological health and physical health. In order to increase the health awareness of students, we believe that education about diets in relation to health should be designed, as there are currently no requirements for teaching about diets in school. We believe that it should be a requirement that the school's physical education teaches about this in order for students to be able to make informed active choices about diet in relation to health. School lunches should also include different diets to reduce social barriers between different diet groups. Diet education health omnivore performance school school results vegan vegetarian Allätare hälsa kosthållning prestation skola skolresultat utbildning vegan vegetarian Sport and Fitness Sciences Idrottsvetenskap
8	Use of floral resources by the lacewing Micromus tasmaniae and its parasitoid Anacharis zealandica, and the consequences for biological control by M. tasmaniae Robinson, K. A. January 2009 (has links) Arthropod species that have the potential to damage crops are food resources for communities of predators and parasitoids. From an agronomic perspective these species are pests and biocontrol agents respectively, and the relationships between them can be important determinants of crop yield and quality. The impact of biocontrol agents on pest populations may depend on the availability of other food resources in the agroecosystem. A scarcity of such resources may limit biological control and altering agroecosystem management to alleviate this limitation could contribute to pest management. This is a tactic of ‘conservation biological control’ and includes the provision of flowers for species that consume prey as larvae but require floral resources in their adult stage. The use of flowers for pest management requires an understanding of the interactions between the flowers, pests, biocontrol agents and non-target species. Without this, attempts to enhance biological control might be ineffective or detrimental. This thesis develops our understanding in two areas which have received relatively little attention: the role of flowers in biological control by true omnivores, and the implications of flower use by fourth-trophic-level life-history omnivores. The species studied were the lacewing Micromus tasmaniae and its parasitoid Anacharis zealandica. Buckwheat flowers Fagopyrum esculentum provided floral resources and aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum served as prey. Laboratory experiments with M. tasmaniae demonstrated that although prey were required for reproduction, providing flowers increased survival and oviposition when prey abundance was low. Flowers also decreased prey consumption by the adult lacewings. These experiments therefore revealed the potential for flowers to either enhance or disrupt biological control by M. tasmaniae. Adult M. tasmaniae were collected from a crop containing a strip of flowers. Analyses to determine the presence of prey and pollen in their digestive tracts suggested that predation was more frequent than foraging in flowers. It was concluded that the flower strip probably did not affect biological control by lacewings in that field, but flowers could be significant in other situations. The lifetime fecundity of A. zealandica was greatly increased by the presence of flowers in the laboratory. Providing flowers therefore has the potential to increase parasitism of M. tasmaniae and so disrupt biological control. A. zealandica was also studied in a crop containing a flower strip. Rubidium-marking was used to investigate nectar-feeding and dispersal from the flowers. In addition, the parasitoids’ sugar compositions were determined by HPLC and used to infer feeding histories. Although further work is required to develop the use of these techniques in this system, the results suggested that A. zealandica did not exploit the flower strip. The sugar profiles suggested that honeydew had been consumed by many of the parasitoids. A simulation model was developed to explore the dynamics of aphid, lacewing and parasitoid populations with and without flowers. This suggested that if M. tasmaniae and A. zealandica responded to flowers as in the laboratory, flowers would only have a small effect on biological control within a single period of a lucerne cutting cycle. When parasitoids were present, the direct beneficial effect of flowers on the lacewing population was outweighed by increased parasitism, reducing the potential for biological control in future crops. The results presented in this thesis exemplify the complex interactions that may occur as a consequence of providing floral resources in agroecosystems and re-affirm the need for agroecology to inform the development of sustainable pest management techniques. Micromus tasmaniae brown lacewing Hemerobiidae Anacharis zealandica parasitoid Figitidae Fagopyrum esculentum buckwheat Acyrthosiphon pisum pea aphid Medicago sativa lucerne floral resources flowers omnivory true omnivore life-history omnivore fourth trophic level conservation biological control pest management
9	GRAVIDA KVINNORS INTAG AV KOSTTILLSKOTT : En kvantitativ studie med fokus på järn och probiotika / PREGNANT WOMEN´S INTAKE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENT : A quantitative study focusing on iron and probiotics Lange Bålman, Miriam January 2019 (has links) Sammanfattning Bakgrund Vitamin- och mineralbrister hos gravida kvinnor kan leda till missfall och allvarliga störningar i barnets utveckling. Moderns tarmflora överförs med stor sannolikhet till barnet under förlossningen och kan därför innebära ett viktigt steg i utvecklingen av barnets tarmflora. En tänkbar lösning för att säkra ett adekvat intag kan vara konsumtion av kosttillskott och probiotika. I dagsläget finns osäkra uppgifter om hur många gravida kvinnor som intar tillskott. Syfte Att undersöka hur många gravida kvinnor i Västerbottens län som valde att inta kosttillskott, främst järn och probiotika, samt om det fanns en skillnad mellan olika faktorer och intag. Metod En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie där gravida kvinnor (n=1473) från Northpop-studien i Västerbottens län svarade på ett frågeformulär gällande intag av kosttillskott och faktorer som ålder, utbildning, kostregim etc. De statistiska tester som användes var Chi-2-test, oberoende t-test och Mann Whitney U-test. Materialet analyserades i SPSS. Signifikansnivån sattes till p<0,05. Resultat Majoriteten av deltagarna svarade att de intog kosttillskott. Faktorer som ökade intaget av kosttillskott hos gravida kvinnor var högre ålder (p=0,030) jämfört med lägre ålder, högre utbildningsnivå (p=0,006) jämfört med lägre utbildningsnivå och vegetarisk/vegansk kost (p=0,021) jämfört med blandkost. Femtiofem procent uppgav att de intog järntillskott. De faktorer som ökade intaget av järntillskott hos gravida kvinnor var vegetarisk/vegansk kost (p=0,001) jämfört med blandkost. Probiotika intogs av 2 procent. Ett högre intag av probiotika sågs hos personer boende i stadsområde (p=0,024) jämfört med övriga boenderegioner samt de som åt vegetarisk/vegansk kost (p=0,001) jämfört med blandkost. Slutsats Majoriteten av deltagarna intog någon typ av kosttillskott, hälften intog järntillskott och en liten andel intog probiotika. Lågutbildade, yngre, de som äter blandkost och bor utanför stadsområde verkar vara i riskgruppen för att inte inta kosttillskott. / Abstract Background Vitamin and mineral deficiencies in pregnant women can lead to miscarriage and serious disturbances in children’s development. The intestinal flora of the mother is most likely transmitted to the child during childbirth and may lay the foundation for the child's health. One possible solution to ensure an adequate intake may be the consumption of dietary supplements and probiotics. At present, there is insufficient data on supplement consumption among pregnant women. Objective The purpose of the study was to examine how many pregnant women in Västerbotten County chose to consume dietary supplements, mainly iron and probiotics, and whether there was a difference between different factors and intake. Method A quantitative cross-sectional study where pregnant women (n=1473) from the Northpop-study in Västerbotten County responded to a questionnaire regarding consumption of dietary supplements and factors such as age, education, diet etc. The material was analyzed in SPSS with Chi-2-test, independent T-Test and Mann-Whitney U-Test. Using significance level <0.05. Results The majority of participants, 90 percent, responded that they consumed dietary supplements. The factors that increased the intake of dietary supplements in pregnant women were higher age (p=0.030), higher education (p=0.006) and vegetarian/vegan diet (p=0.021). Iron was reported to be consumed by 804 people, 55 percent. The factors that increased the intake of iron supplement in pregnant women were vegetarian/vegan diet (p=0.001). Probiotics were consumed by 25 people, 2 percent. Living in urban areas (p=0.024) and eating vegetarian/vegan diet (p=0.002) increased consumption of probiotics. Conclusion The majority of participants chose to consume some type of dietary supplement, half of the participants consumed iron supplements and a small part consumed probiotics. It appears that pregnant women who are low educated, younger, eating an omnivorous diet and living outside urban areas are in the risk zone for not consuming dietary supplements. / Northpop Pregnant pregnant women woman pregnancy children fetus dietary supplements supplements iron iron supplements probiotics probiotic supplements intestinal flora bacteria gut vitamin vitamins minerals minerals B12 folate diet education low educated highly educated region age intake diet regime northpop Västerbotten Västerbotten County Council Umeå University Umeå Sweden Miriam Lange Bålman Miriam Lange Balman science economist vegetarian vegan mixed diet omnivore urban area country side quantitative nutrition diet dietician dietetics quantitative nutrition diet Chi-2 test independent t-test Mann Whitney U-test Multivitamins (mixture of vitamins) Multi-minerals (blend of minerals) Probiotics Omega-3 fish oil Blutsaft A- vitamin B vitamin vitamin C vitamin D vitamin E folic acid iron calcium beta-carotene vitamin B complex selenium antioxidants zinc magnesium q10 exercise physical activity lifestyle bachelor essay Gravid gravida kvinnor kvinna graviditet foster barn kosttillskott tillskott järn järntillskott probiotika probiotikatillskott tarmflora bakterier tarm vitamin vitaminer mineral mineraler B12 folat kost utbildning lågutbildad högutbildad boenderegion stad landsbygd ålder intag kostregim northpop Västerbotten Västerbottens läns landsting Umeå universitet Umeå Sverige Miriam Lange Bålman Miriam Lange Bålman kostvetenskap kostekonom vegetarisk vegetariskt vegan veganskt blandkost stadsområde kvantitativ näring samhällsrelevans dietist dietetik Chi-2-test oberoende t-test Mann Whitney U-test Multivitaminer (blandning av vitaminer) Multimineraler (blandning av mineraler) Probiotika Omega-3 fiskolja Blutsaft A-vitamin B-vitamin C-vitamin D-vitamin E-vitamin Folsyra Järn Kalcium Betakaroten Vitamin B-komplex Selen Antioxidanter Zink Magnesium Q10 träning fysisk aktivitet livsstil uppsats kandidatexamen Nutrition and Dietetics Näringslära

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