Global ETD Search

1	Lugares esquecidos. A preservação do patrimônio no interior paulista: investigações sobre as cidades de Dourado e Nova Europa / Forgotten places.The preservation of heritage in the São Paulo country side: investigations into the cities of Dourado and Nova Europa Zólio, Julciléa Cristina 06 May 2011 (has links) Segundo o Censo do ano 2.000, em torno de 31% dos municípios do Estado de São Paulo possuem populações entre 10.000 e 50.000 habitantes, tornando-se assim a larga maioria dos municípios de pequeno e médio porte em relação aos 15,5% de municípios com mais de 50.000 habitantes; ao mesmo tempo, esta maioria é também a menos conhecida em termos de sua criação, evolução enquanto sistema urbano, tornando impraticável um planejamento que vise a sua proteção enquanto patrimônio urbano e arquitetônico e a sua expansão futura de modo ordenado. A região em estudo é constituída por uma rede de pequenas cidades, que surgem como decorrência de diferentes fatores: a) fixação dos \'torna viagem\', provenientes em sua maioria de Minas Gerais; b) a expansão da lavoura cafeeira; c) a chegada da ferrovia; d) ações governamentais, tais como a implantação de núcleos coloniais; e) desmembramento de grandes fazendas. Apesar das origens diversas, essas cidades fazem parte de um grupo resultante de um ideário urbanístico análogo, e reagiram em maior ou menor grau a eventos como a substituição da cultura cafeeira e a desativação e erradicação da ferrovia em detrimento da opção nacional pelo transporte rodoviário, com o início do processo de redistribuição dos fluxos de transporte das antigas linhas de ferro para as rodovias, reconfigurando as relações de identidade e interdependência dessas localidades. Entre as cidades pertencentes à zona de estudos que conseguiram um maior desenvolvimento econômico, seus núcleos centrais vem passando por um processo de decadência e deterioração, graças às contradições em seus processos de desenvolvimento, resultando em distorções e na perda da qualidade de seus espaços e conseqüentemente na qualidade de vida. Nas cidades menores, as áreas centrais foram \'preservadas pela pobreza\', sendo que na maioria delas, as instituições mais importantes ainda estão ali localizadas, o que não impede que seu patrimônio arquitetônico seja descaracterizado e substituído por falta de legislação específica para suas necessidades e características. Além da perda do patrimônio arquitetônico, também vem se perdendo os valores e costumes da região, resultando em atitudes equivocadas em relação à realidade física local. Entende-se como necessário um resgate desses valores patrimoniais, principalmente uma maior divulgação da história local aos seus habitantes, a fim de contribuir para a sua ressignificação. Por acreditarmos que a produção espacial urbana do passado tem vínculos estreitos com o presente, configurando-se como um referencial histórico, e a sua degradação e desvalorização implicam na perda da identidade cultural e da qualidade de vida de toda a região em estudo, o presente trabalho pretende contribuir para a preservação do patrimônio ambiental urbano das cidades de Dourado e Nova Europa, mas de forma flexível e que possa servir de referência para as demais cidades da região. / According to the 2000 Census, about 31% of the cities in the state of São Paulo have populations between 10,000 and 50,00 inhabitants, thus pointing that small and medium cities outnumber the 15.5% of cities with more than 50,000 inhabitants. Yet at the same time, this majority is the least understood in terms of its creation and development as an urban system, which render unfeasible any kind of planning that aims at protecting them as urban and architectural heritage and their future expansion in an organized manner. The area studied is comprised by a number of small towns which have appeared as result of a variety of factors: a) the settlement of the torna viagem, mostly coming from the state of Minas Gerais; b) the expansion of the coffee culture; c) the advent of railways; d) government actions, such as the implementation of colonial centers; e) the division of large farms. Despite their different origins, these towns belong to a group that results from an analog urban ideology, and reacted with more or less intensity to happenings such as the replacement of coffee culture and the extinction of railways due to a national option for highways. That was the beginning of a process of redistribution in transport flows from railways to highways, which redesigned the relations of identity and interdependence of such locations. Among the cities in the studied area that managed to achieve greater economic development, their cores have been experiencing a process of decadence and decay due to the contradictions found in their development history, thus resulting in distortions and a quality loss in physical space and life quality. In small towns, central areas were \"protected from poverty\" and most of them are still the home for the most important institutions, which nonetheless does not prevent the architectural heritage from being decharacterized and replaced, due to a lack of specific legislation to meet its needs and characteristics. This loss encompasses not only the architectural heritage but also local customs and values, whose outcome is reflected in erroneous attitudes toward the local physical reality. The revival of these heritage values is deemed as necessary, especially for the promotion of the local history to citizens in order to help them re-understand it. Because we believe that the past urban space production is strictly bonded to the present as a historical reference and its degradation and impairment represent a loss of cultural identity and quality of life all over the area studied, this paper intends to contribute to the protection of the urban environment heritage of the cities of Dourado and Nova Europa, yet in a flexible manner which can also serve as further reference for other cities in the region. Coffee culture Country side Cultura cafeeira Preservação do patrimônio cultural Preservation of cultural heritage Urbanização do interior paulista Urbanization
2	Landsbygd och stadsmiljö : Förskollärares arbete med miljöfrågor / Country-side and city : Preschool teachers work with environmental issues Westberg, Hanna January 2018 (has links) The purpose of this study is to visualize similarities and differences in how preschool teachers work with environmental issues at preschools in country-sides and cities. I want to examine in what way preschool teachers experience and interest effect their environmental work. My method for this study is a web survey that was sent out to preschool teachers at different counties in Sweden and a total of 51 preschool teachers answered the survey. The results showed that there are some similarities and differences between the country-side and city. The proximity to nature area is important to how and what preschool teachers work and teach about. Preschool teachers worked in similar ways to get children to participate in environmental work and the educational tools that they used in their teaching. The study also showed that preschool teachers interest in environmental issues is of great importance to how they appreciate their knowledge and skills. Most preschool teachers in the different areas haven’t been offered or have had any education in environmental issues. Country-side city environmental issues preschool teachers Landsbygd stad miljöfrågor förskollärare Biological Sciences Biologiska vetenskaper
3	Lugares esquecidos. A preservação do patrimônio no interior paulista: investigações sobre as cidades de Dourado e Nova Europa / Forgotten places.The preservation of heritage in the São Paulo country side: investigations into the cities of Dourado and Nova Europa Julciléa Cristina Zólio 06 May 2011 (has links) Segundo o Censo do ano 2.000, em torno de 31% dos municípios do Estado de São Paulo possuem populações entre 10.000 e 50.000 habitantes, tornando-se assim a larga maioria dos municípios de pequeno e médio porte em relação aos 15,5% de municípios com mais de 50.000 habitantes; ao mesmo tempo, esta maioria é também a menos conhecida em termos de sua criação, evolução enquanto sistema urbano, tornando impraticável um planejamento que vise a sua proteção enquanto patrimônio urbano e arquitetônico e a sua expansão futura de modo ordenado. A região em estudo é constituída por uma rede de pequenas cidades, que surgem como decorrência de diferentes fatores: a) fixação dos \'torna viagem\', provenientes em sua maioria de Minas Gerais; b) a expansão da lavoura cafeeira; c) a chegada da ferrovia; d) ações governamentais, tais como a implantação de núcleos coloniais; e) desmembramento de grandes fazendas. Apesar das origens diversas, essas cidades fazem parte de um grupo resultante de um ideário urbanístico análogo, e reagiram em maior ou menor grau a eventos como a substituição da cultura cafeeira e a desativação e erradicação da ferrovia em detrimento da opção nacional pelo transporte rodoviário, com o início do processo de redistribuição dos fluxos de transporte das antigas linhas de ferro para as rodovias, reconfigurando as relações de identidade e interdependência dessas localidades. Entre as cidades pertencentes à zona de estudos que conseguiram um maior desenvolvimento econômico, seus núcleos centrais vem passando por um processo de decadência e deterioração, graças às contradições em seus processos de desenvolvimento, resultando em distorções e na perda da qualidade de seus espaços e conseqüentemente na qualidade de vida. Nas cidades menores, as áreas centrais foram \'preservadas pela pobreza\', sendo que na maioria delas, as instituições mais importantes ainda estão ali localizadas, o que não impede que seu patrimônio arquitetônico seja descaracterizado e substituído por falta de legislação específica para suas necessidades e características. Além da perda do patrimônio arquitetônico, também vem se perdendo os valores e costumes da região, resultando em atitudes equivocadas em relação à realidade física local. Entende-se como necessário um resgate desses valores patrimoniais, principalmente uma maior divulgação da história local aos seus habitantes, a fim de contribuir para a sua ressignificação. Por acreditarmos que a produção espacial urbana do passado tem vínculos estreitos com o presente, configurando-se como um referencial histórico, e a sua degradação e desvalorização implicam na perda da identidade cultural e da qualidade de vida de toda a região em estudo, o presente trabalho pretende contribuir para a preservação do patrimônio ambiental urbano das cidades de Dourado e Nova Europa, mas de forma flexível e que possa servir de referência para as demais cidades da região. / According to the 2000 Census, about 31% of the cities in the state of São Paulo have populations between 10,000 and 50,00 inhabitants, thus pointing that small and medium cities outnumber the 15.5% of cities with more than 50,000 inhabitants. Yet at the same time, this majority is the least understood in terms of its creation and development as an urban system, which render unfeasible any kind of planning that aims at protecting them as urban and architectural heritage and their future expansion in an organized manner. The area studied is comprised by a number of small towns which have appeared as result of a variety of factors: a) the settlement of the torna viagem, mostly coming from the state of Minas Gerais; b) the expansion of the coffee culture; c) the advent of railways; d) government actions, such as the implementation of colonial centers; e) the division of large farms. Despite their different origins, these towns belong to a group that results from an analog urban ideology, and reacted with more or less intensity to happenings such as the replacement of coffee culture and the extinction of railways due to a national option for highways. That was the beginning of a process of redistribution in transport flows from railways to highways, which redesigned the relations of identity and interdependence of such locations. Among the cities in the studied area that managed to achieve greater economic development, their cores have been experiencing a process of decadence and decay due to the contradictions found in their development history, thus resulting in distortions and a quality loss in physical space and life quality. In small towns, central areas were \"protected from poverty\" and most of them are still the home for the most important institutions, which nonetheless does not prevent the architectural heritage from being decharacterized and replaced, due to a lack of specific legislation to meet its needs and characteristics. This loss encompasses not only the architectural heritage but also local customs and values, whose outcome is reflected in erroneous attitudes toward the local physical reality. The revival of these heritage values is deemed as necessary, especially for the promotion of the local history to citizens in order to help them re-understand it. Because we believe that the past urban space production is strictly bonded to the present as a historical reference and its degradation and impairment represent a loss of cultural identity and quality of life all over the area studied, this paper intends to contribute to the protection of the urban environment heritage of the cities of Dourado and Nova Europa, yet in a flexible manner which can also serve as further reference for other cities in the region. Cultura cafeeira Preservação do patrimônio cultural Urbanização do interior paulista Coffee culture Country side Preservation of cultural heritage Urbanization
4	Rozvoj a obnova venkova se zaměřením na vybraný mikroregion / Development and Reconstruction of the Country with a view to a chosen Micro-Region Týčová, Veronika January 2007 (has links) The purpose of thesis is, on the basis of theoretic findings, to carry out evaluation of the chosen Micro-Region activity, its strategic plan and proposition of possible sources for financing of proposed activities. For impletion of the aim the first part of thesis is focused on short definition of basic conceptions like the country-side, Micro-Region and other relevant conceptions to this theme. This thesis is also aimed at assesment of rural development questions at blueprint papers and their support and at methodology of evaluation of the Micro-Region activities.
5	Rurální turismus - případová studie obce Holubov / Rural tourism - case study of Holubov village HOLÝ, Pavel January 2015 (has links) This Bachelor Theses compare the wievw and expectations of local residents with tourists, including evaluation of the impal of tourism on nature. In the theoretical part are define terms related to tourism and impal on nature. Practical part also contains a description of the selected lokality Holubov village, in Southbohemian region. The practical part compares the data obtained from survey in 2013 and 2015. In this survey were research opinions and attitudes of residents and tourists.
6	Pedagogia da terra: um encontro de saberes, vivências e práticas educativas Silva, Fábio Dantas de Souza January 2009 (has links) 165 f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-24T18:37:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Fabio Silva_seg.pdf: 2973787 bytes, checksum: 43312bd127015be166b3b1a4ed6a7bb6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-05-16T19:03:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Fabio Silva_seg.pdf: 2973787 bytes, checksum: 43312bd127015be166b3b1a4ed6a7bb6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-16T19:03:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Fabio Silva_seg.pdf: 2973787 bytes, checksum: 43312bd127015be166b3b1a4ed6a7bb6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / O presente estudo insere-se no debate sobre Educação do Campo. Este tem como objeto de análise a realização do Curso Pedagogia da Terra, realizado em parceria entre a Universidade do Estado da Bahia- UNEB e os movimentos sociais do campo através do Programa Nacional de Educação na Reforma Agrária – PRONERA. O trabalho tem como unidade de análise somente a turma composta pelos integrantes do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra – MST, realizada no Departamento de Educação, Campus X – Teixeira de Freitas. Como problema norteador da pesquisa, temos a seguinte pergunta: O Curso Pedagogia da Terra PRONERA/UNEB tem possibilitado a implementação de novas práticas educativas aos educandos/educadores do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra e aos professores da UNEB inseridos no Projeto, na perspectiva da Educação do Campo? Para responder a essa questão adotou-se uma pesquisa de campo com caráter qualitativo, por entender que esta abordagem possibilita o contato direto com o objeto investigado e sua complexidade e permite a multiplicidade dos dados a ser coletados, como também a participação direta dos sujeitos envolvidos. O trabalho se configura como um Estudo de Caso e os instrumentos definidos para pesquisa foram: a observação participante, a entrevista semi-estruturada e a análise documental. Portanto, é um estudo que analisa o processo de formação de educadores do Campo através do Curso Pedagogia da Terra, mais especificamente de educadores vinculados ao MST. / Salvador Educação do campo Pedagogia da terra Land pedagogy Country side education Teachers formation Formação de professores
7	La crémation en milieu rural en Gaule Belgique romaine : les exemples de la Lorraine et du Nord-Pas-de-Calais / Cremation at the country-side in Gallo-Roman Belgium : the examples of Lorraine and Nord-Pas-de-Calais Ancel, Marie-Josée 28 May 2010 (has links) Ce travail prend pour point de départ l’étude de trois sites funéraires ruraux situés en territoires médiomatrique, leuque et atrébate : respectivement Mécleuves (Moselle), Contrexéville (Vosges) et Loison-sous-Lens (Pas-de-Calais). Les études archéologiques et anthropologiques menées sur les structures et les vestiges osseux de ces sites permettent une approche centrée sur le défunt qui, mise en perspective avec les données des nombreux autres sites régionaux, offre l’occasion d’aborder la question de manière plus large. Ainsi, une base de données a été réalisée afin d’inventorier et de caractériser les sites funéraires des régions Nord-Pas-de-Calais et Lorraine. A partir de cette documentation, la question des modalités d’implantation des lieux funéraires dans le paysage a été tout d’abord traitée, notamment dans leurs relations avec les lieux d’habitat et les autres éléments du paysage (voie, parcellaire…). Le second axe traite de l’organisation interne de l’espace funéraire : sa matérialisation, sa surface, l’agencement des tombes et des autres structures… La structure funéraire en tant que telle est abordée de manière plus détaillée ensuite, en différenciant les lieux de crémation, les sépultures secondaires et les structures annexes à la tombe qui participent aux rites funéraires accompagnant les défunts. Enfin, les résultats des études ostéologiques sont confrontés aux données archéologiques (notamment le mobilier funéraire), pour traiter plus généralement de la gestion des vestiges issus de la crémation. / This work starts with the study of three rural sites situated in mediomatric territory, leuque and atrebate : Mecleuves (Moselle), Contrexeville (Vosges) and Loison-sous-Lens (Pas-de-Calais). Archeological and anthropological studies practiced on the structures and osseous remains of these sites, allows a concentrated approach of the defunct who, put in perspective with data of many other regional sites, offers the occasion to examine the question in a larger way. In this way, a data base has been realized with the purpose to inventory and to characterize the funeral sites of the regions of Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Lorraine. Starting from this documentation, first the implantation of funeral area`s in the landscape has been treated, especially in their relation with living structures and other elements of the landscape (paths, parcels of land…). A second approach treats the inner organization of the funeral space : its materialization, its surface, arrangement of tombs and other structures…The funeral structure on its own is approached in a more detailed way, to differentiate the cremation areas, secondary graves and annexed structures to the tomb that belongs to the funeral rites and accompanies the defunct. Finally, the osteological studies are compared with the archeological data (especially the funeral fittings), to develop more in general the management of the cremated remains. Monde rural Haut-Empire Lorraine Nord-Pas-de-Calais Archéo-anthropologie Country-side Haut-Empire Lorraine Nord-Pas-de-Calais Anthropology
8	Venkovský cestovní ruch jako forma udržitelného rozvoje území (na příkladě Čierneho Balogu) / Rural Tourism as a Form of Sustainable Development (Čierny Balog case study) Giertlová, Kristína January 2010 (has links) The thesis is about rural tourism, which serves as a potential tool for sustainable development of the territory. Tourism is an alternative to agriculture and forestry. The rural residents may realize themselves in rural tourism. This may be an area of new jobs and education. The sustainability of development, respectively its development is a problem for all EU countries. These countries solve this problem by redistributing help through their strategic and programming documents. In this work there are collected and compared Czech and Slovak strategic and programming documents in the section of tourism and development. The village Čierny Balog is chosen as an example. On this example is shown as is related state and government and also as is related self-government to the strategic and programming documents of the Slovak Republic. The potential of rural tourism is also analyzed in this document. The analysis of potential follows up analysis of tourism, which monitors, if this potential is properly used. At the end there are compared questionnaire results from the village Čierny Balog and VUV (Voluntary union village) ?umavské Podlesí. The results show a comparison of the different situation in the tourism, respectively rural tourism in both areas. From this comparison based initiative for further...
9	A assist?ncia t?cnica nos habitats do MST e o papel do arquiteto e urbanista / A assist?ncia t?cnica nos habitats do MST e o papel do arquiteto e urbanista Cerqueira, Maria C?ndida Teixeira de 16 November 2009 (has links) Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:56:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mariaCTC-pag1-116pdf.pdf: 2597744 bytes, checksum: 158ff4574037516d897f19be84f2368a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-16 / This dissertation is about Architect and town planner inserts in the technical support of the Rural establishment and of the possibilities of changes in their habitat. It also looks for its participation through the production of those spaces with or without its performance through two references cases, in Rio Grande do Norte , one called settlement Eldorado de Caraj?s and another one called Maria da Paz. At first the process represents the model that was adopted systematically by Incra until the middle of the year 2000 with the sub-contracting of their construction work through small companies. These standardized projects which are executed without registration in the system CONFEA/CREA without demand of professional authorship and of technical responsibility of the work. But the process taken place at Maria da Paz s area was configured as one of the first initiatives that stopped with those practices. Consolidated through a partnership among UFRN MST and INCRA/RN, the Architect s technical support and town planner brought new technician-scientific organization and execution of the soil parcels and its habitat. The participation of UFRN was done through a group of studies in land reform and Habitat (GERAH) being this author and coordinator of the methodological proposal, based on the regressive-progressive method and in the inclusion of the conflict as responsible of the ruptures and transductions both done by Henry L?f?bvre and in the research action approached by Carlos Brand?o. Therefore it included the process of social learning and collective production of new knowledge and attitudes in relation to the environment in the process called as attended self management in spite of the transformations happened with this new agent s participation. The people re-located to the new areas that got involved in the process and finished their constructions reelaborating the daily practice of the collective effort passed to the self management without technical support. Years later the implantation of those two experiences our research verified that there is a positive image concerning the Architect and town planner, related, most of all to the conception of the activities, orientation and execution of constructions projects and of acceptance of those professionals to the processes of implementation of the Habitats of the Rural establishments. This dissertation analyses this form of performance, from and beyond these images trying to find the professional, specificities or methodological in such a way to demonstrate the importance of its insertion in the formulation and attendance of the more of 100.000 habitats of Rural establishments of the land reform of the country that correspond to most of the housing social interest in the country side / Esta disserta??o trata da inser??o do arquiteto e urbanista na assist?ncia t?cnica dos assentamentos rurais e das possibilidades de mudan?as em seus habitats. Busca tamb?m, perceber sua participa??o e imagem, atrav?s da produ??o desses espa?os com e sem a sua atua??o, atrav?s de duas refer?ncias no Rio Grande do Norte Assentamentos Eldorado dos Caraj?s e Maria da Paz. No primeiro, o processo representa o modelo que foi adotado, sistematicamente, pelo INCRA at? meados de 2000, com a terceiriza??o de suas constru??es atrav?s de pequenas empresas. Estas executavam projetos padronizados, sem registro no sistema CONFEA/CREA, sem exig?ncia de autoria profissional e de responsabilidade t?cnica da obra. J? o processo do Maria da Paz se configurou como uma das primeiras iniciativas que romperam com essas pr?ticas. Consolidada atrav?s de uma parceria entre a UFRN, MST e INCRA/RN, a assist?ncia t?cnica do arquiteto e urbanista trouxe novos par?metros t?cnico-cient?ficos ao planejamento, organiza??o e execu??o do parcelamento do solo e do seu habitat. A participa??o da UFRN se deu atrav?s do Grupo de Estudos em Reforma Agr?ria e Habitat (GERAH), sendo este o idealizador e coordenador da proposta metodol?gica, baseada no m?todo regressivo-progressivo e na inclus?o do conflito como desencadeador de rupturas e transdu??o, ambos elaborados por Henry L?f?bvre, e na pesquisa-a??o abordada por Carlos Brand?o. Incluiu, portanto, o processo de aprendizagem social e produ??o coletiva de novos conhecimentos e atitudes em rela??o ao meio ambiente no processo chamado de autogest?o assistida. Apesar das transforma??es ocorridas com a participa??o deste novo agente, os assentados se apropriaram do processo e terminaram suas constru??es re-elaborando a pr?tica cotidiana do mutir?o, passando ? autogest?o sem assist?ncia t?cnica. Anos ap?s a implanta??o dessas duas experi?ncias, a pesquisa por n?s realizada constatou que h? uma imagem positiva do arquiteto e urbanista, relacionada, sobretudo, ?s atividades de concep??o, orienta??o e execu??o de projetos de edifica??es e da assist?ncia desses profissionais aos processos de implanta??o dos habitats dos assentamentos rurais. O trabalho analisa esta forma de atua??o, a partir e al?m dessas imagens, buscando encontrar as especificidades profissionais ou metodol?gicas, de modo a demonstrar a import?ncia da sua inser??o na formula??o e acompanhamento dos mais de 100.000 habitats de assentamentos rurais de reforma agr?ria do Pa?s, que correspondem ? maior parte da habita??o de interesse social no campo Arquiteto e urbanista Habita??o de interesse social no campo Habitat Assentamentos rurais Assist?ncia e responsabilidade t?cnica Architect and Urban planner Habitat Rural establishments Attendance and technical responsibility
10	GRAVIDA KVINNORS INTAG AV KOSTTILLSKOTT : En kvantitativ studie med fokus på järn och probiotika / PREGNANT WOMEN´S INTAKE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENT : A quantitative study focusing on iron and probiotics Lange Bålman, Miriam January 2019 (has links) Sammanfattning Bakgrund Vitamin- och mineralbrister hos gravida kvinnor kan leda till missfall och allvarliga störningar i barnets utveckling. Moderns tarmflora överförs med stor sannolikhet till barnet under förlossningen och kan därför innebära ett viktigt steg i utvecklingen av barnets tarmflora. En tänkbar lösning för att säkra ett adekvat intag kan vara konsumtion av kosttillskott och probiotika. I dagsläget finns osäkra uppgifter om hur många gravida kvinnor som intar tillskott. Syfte Att undersöka hur många gravida kvinnor i Västerbottens län som valde att inta kosttillskott, främst järn och probiotika, samt om det fanns en skillnad mellan olika faktorer och intag. Metod En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie där gravida kvinnor (n=1473) från Northpop-studien i Västerbottens län svarade på ett frågeformulär gällande intag av kosttillskott och faktorer som ålder, utbildning, kostregim etc. De statistiska tester som användes var Chi-2-test, oberoende t-test och Mann Whitney U-test. Materialet analyserades i SPSS. Signifikansnivån sattes till p<0,05. Resultat Majoriteten av deltagarna svarade att de intog kosttillskott. Faktorer som ökade intaget av kosttillskott hos gravida kvinnor var högre ålder (p=0,030) jämfört med lägre ålder, högre utbildningsnivå (p=0,006) jämfört med lägre utbildningsnivå och vegetarisk/vegansk kost (p=0,021) jämfört med blandkost. Femtiofem procent uppgav att de intog järntillskott. De faktorer som ökade intaget av järntillskott hos gravida kvinnor var vegetarisk/vegansk kost (p=0,001) jämfört med blandkost. Probiotika intogs av 2 procent. Ett högre intag av probiotika sågs hos personer boende i stadsområde (p=0,024) jämfört med övriga boenderegioner samt de som åt vegetarisk/vegansk kost (p=0,001) jämfört med blandkost. Slutsats Majoriteten av deltagarna intog någon typ av kosttillskott, hälften intog järntillskott och en liten andel intog probiotika. Lågutbildade, yngre, de som äter blandkost och bor utanför stadsområde verkar vara i riskgruppen för att inte inta kosttillskott. / Abstract Background Vitamin and mineral deficiencies in pregnant women can lead to miscarriage and serious disturbances in children’s development. The intestinal flora of the mother is most likely transmitted to the child during childbirth and may lay the foundation for the child's health. One possible solution to ensure an adequate intake may be the consumption of dietary supplements and probiotics. At present, there is insufficient data on supplement consumption among pregnant women. Objective The purpose of the study was to examine how many pregnant women in Västerbotten County chose to consume dietary supplements, mainly iron and probiotics, and whether there was a difference between different factors and intake. Method A quantitative cross-sectional study where pregnant women (n=1473) from the Northpop-study in Västerbotten County responded to a questionnaire regarding consumption of dietary supplements and factors such as age, education, diet etc. The material was analyzed in SPSS with Chi-2-test, independent T-Test and Mann-Whitney U-Test. Using significance level <0.05. Results The majority of participants, 90 percent, responded that they consumed dietary supplements. The factors that increased the intake of dietary supplements in pregnant women were higher age (p=0.030), higher education (p=0.006) and vegetarian/vegan diet (p=0.021). Iron was reported to be consumed by 804 people, 55 percent. The factors that increased the intake of iron supplement in pregnant women were vegetarian/vegan diet (p=0.001). Probiotics were consumed by 25 people, 2 percent. Living in urban areas (p=0.024) and eating vegetarian/vegan diet (p=0.002) increased consumption of probiotics. Conclusion The majority of participants chose to consume some type of dietary supplement, half of the participants consumed iron supplements and a small part consumed probiotics. It appears that pregnant women who are low educated, younger, eating an omnivorous diet and living outside urban areas are in the risk zone for not consuming dietary supplements. / Northpop Pregnant pregnant women woman pregnancy children fetus dietary supplements supplements iron iron supplements probiotics probiotic supplements intestinal flora bacteria gut vitamin vitamins minerals minerals B12 folate diet education low educated highly educated region age intake diet regime northpop Västerbotten Västerbotten County Council Umeå University Umeå Sweden Miriam Lange Bålman Miriam Lange Balman science economist vegetarian vegan mixed diet omnivore urban area country side quantitative nutrition diet dietician dietetics quantitative nutrition diet Chi-2 test independent t-test Mann Whitney U-test Multivitamins (mixture of vitamins) Multi-minerals (blend of minerals) Probiotics Omega-3 fish oil Blutsaft A- vitamin B vitamin vitamin C vitamin D vitamin E folic acid iron calcium beta-carotene vitamin B complex selenium antioxidants zinc magnesium q10 exercise physical activity lifestyle bachelor essay Gravid gravida kvinnor kvinna graviditet foster barn kosttillskott tillskott järn järntillskott probiotika probiotikatillskott tarmflora bakterier tarm vitamin vitaminer mineral mineraler B12 folat kost utbildning lågutbildad högutbildad boenderegion stad landsbygd ålder intag kostregim northpop Västerbotten Västerbottens läns landsting Umeå universitet Umeå Sverige Miriam Lange Bålman Miriam Lange Bålman kostvetenskap kostekonom vegetarisk vegetariskt vegan veganskt blandkost stadsområde kvantitativ näring samhällsrelevans dietist dietetik Chi-2-test oberoende t-test Mann Whitney U-test Multivitaminer (blandning av vitaminer) Multimineraler (blandning av mineraler) Probiotika Omega-3 fiskolja Blutsaft A-vitamin B-vitamin C-vitamin D-vitamin E-vitamin Folsyra Järn Kalcium Betakaroten Vitamin B-komplex Selen Antioxidanter Zink Magnesium Q10 träning fysisk aktivitet livsstil uppsats kandidatexamen Nutrition and Dietetics Näringslära

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