Bakgrund: Underlättande och försvårande faktorer till fysisk aktivitet (FA) är välstuderat inom flera patientgrupper men hos friska vuxna finns inte lika mycket information. Syftet med denna kvalitativa litteraturöversikt var att sammanfatta litteratur gällande underlättande och försvårande faktorer för FA bland friska vuxna.  Metod: Studien var en litteraturstudie där intervjustudier sammanfattades för att få en bild om vilka återkommande teman som finns angående underlättande och försvårande faktorer för FA hos friska vuxna. Varje studie granskades individuellt med Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) och det sammanvägda resultatets granskades med Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (GRADE- CERQual).  Resultat: Resultatsammanfattningen visar att det finns gemensamma faktorer som lyfts i många studier. Dessa kategoriserades in i fyra olika teman; biologiska, psykologiska, sociala och ekonomiska, samt miljö och samhälle. De främst förekommande underlättande faktorerna var: viktnedgång, njutning, social kontakt och tillgång till platser att träna på. De främsta försvårande faktorerna var: närvaro av sjukdom och rädsla. En majoritet av studierna i litteraturöversikten hade låg risk för snedvridning enligt CASP. Den sammanvägda granskningen med GRADE-CERQual visar inte på några tydliga risker för snedvridning.   Slutsats: Bland dessa kvalitativa intervjustudier fanns en majoritet av psykologiska och sociala faktorer. De ingående intervjustudierna och det sammanvägda resultatet hade låg risk för snedvridning men resultatet bör tolkas utifrån att de granskningsinstrument som används vid kvalitativ litteraturöversikt i sig kan ha stor risk för snedvridning genom att instrumenten lämnar stort tolkningsutrymme. Framtida forskning bör fortsätta undersöka upplevelser av underlättande och försvårande faktorer för FA för att utforska skillnader och gemensamma faktorer mellan populationer.

The transition to college is marked by poorer eating behaviors. The Theory of planned behavior (TPB) represents a promising tool for predicting eating behaviors through the examination of attitudes (ATT), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), and intention (INT). Despite prior application of the TPB, there exist several key methodological issues in the literature addressing eating behaviors. The present study utilized an enhanced dietary assessment methodology, the ASA24 dietary recall, and a short-term prospective design to assess the healthy eating behaviors of emerging adults in college. Dietary recalls of 68 participants (average age = 20.76 years; 70.6% female; 70.6% non-Hispanic, 48.5% White, 22.10% Black/African American, 13.20% Asian) were analyzed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2010 scoring system. Results revealed that very few college students are meeting recommended dietary guidelines. Linear regression indicated that the indirect TPB variables (ATT, SN, and PBC) were related to INT (F[3,64] = 19.67, p < .001), although SN did not account for unique variance. Further, the direct TPB variables (INT and PBC) were related to HEI-2010 scores (F[2,65] = 4.00, p = .023); however, only PBC accounted for significant variance. Overall, findings suggest that more favorable attitudes relate to intention, but only perceived behavioral control consistently relates to actual healthy eating behavior.

Objective: The Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PGDP) became operational in 1952; it is located in the western part of Kentucky. We conducted a mortality study for adverse health effects that workers may have suffered while working at the plant, including exposures to chemicals. Materials and Methods: We studied a cohort of 6820 workers at the PGDP for the period 1953 to 2003; there were a total of 1672 deaths to cohort members. Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a specific concern for this workforce; exposure to TCE occurred primarily in departments that clean the process equipment. The Life Table Analysis System (LTAS) program developed by NIOSH was used to calculate the standardized mortality ratios for the worker cohort and standardized rate ratio relative to exposure to TCE (the U.S. population is the referent for age-adjustment). LTAS calculated a significantly low overall SMR for these workers of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.72-0.79). A further review of three major cancers of interest to Kentucky produced significantly low SMR for trachea, bronchus, lung cancer (0.75, 95% CI: 0.72-0.79) and high SMR for Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (1.49, 95% CI: 1.02-2.10). Results: No significant SMR was observed for leukemia and no significant SRRs were observed for any disease. Both the leukemia and lung cancer results were examined and determined to refect regional mortality patterns. However, the Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma finding suggests a curious amplification when living cases are included with the mortality experience. Conclusions: Further examination is recommended of this recurrent finding from all three U.S. Gaseous Diffusion plants.

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / pental caries is the most prevalent of all diseases among civilized peo_ple. ~_n_ol middl~~-~o=~ay with ~full c<?_P.plement of !fu.rty-t~~.J>§rfectly healthy tee!h. From various statistics obtained ffo·m- practically every country in the world, the incidence is estimated to be over 95 per cent. By this is meant that more than 95 ont of every 100 persons suffer or have suffered at some time from one or more carious teeth. Statistics are based mostly on dental examinations of school children, because of the obvious difficulty of examining large groups of adults for dental defects. There is a lamentable lack of reliable and accurate statistics concerning the incidence of dental caries in most civilized countries. Klein and Palmer (1938) reported that the incidence of dental caries (as defined above) among elementary school children in the United States is 95 per cent. Day and Sedwick (1935) found the incidence among Rochester (N.Y.) schoolchildren to be 99 per cent. The final report of the Mixed Committee of the League of Nations of 1937 shows that in Norway, of 25,000 school children examined, only 160 possessed perfect sets of teeth, or 99 per cent. affected by dental caries. Day and Sedwick (1935) state that, in the county of Shropshire in England, 97 per cent. of the children at the age of 12 had dental caries. The Director-General of Health of New Zealand, in .his annual report of 1941, states that of 52,500 children examined, 95 per cent. were affected by caries: In India, Day and Tandan (1940) reported that the incidence of dental caries among urban children in Labore was 94 per cent. In South Africa, Friel and Shaw (1931) found 93 per cent. of urban children suffering from dental caries. Staz (1938) reported that of 300 European adults examined in Johannesburg none showed caries-free mouths.

There is a well-established and positive association between religiosity and marital satisfaction. What is less clear is the effect of religiosity on marital sexual outcomes, with research findings that have run the gamut from negative to positive. Given that most religions teach that marriage is the divinely appointed context for a sexual relationship, religious persons who are married and in sexual relationships could have a different experience with sex than those who are not in a marital sexual relationship. Although the majority of the population in the United States is religious, sex in religious marriages has received scant research attention. The purpose of this dissertation is to examine in three manuscripts the association between religiosity, sexuality, and marital connection. In manuscript one, I look at how doctrine of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints dovetails with principles of social science in ways that could potentially improve the sexual connection in these religious marriages. Specifically, I examine how Latter-day Saints can better sanctify their sexuality through autonomy and relatedness. As member couples dovetail healthy religious principles with social science principles, such as focusing on avoiding selfishness and developing a self in a larger moral context, they can experience improved marital connection. In study two, I research the spontaneous mentions of sexuality in interviews with highly religious families in the American Families of Faith dataset. These 198 highly religious families come from a rich variety of socioeconomic, racial/ethnic, and religious backgrounds. Couples and families mention four major themes that matter to them at the intersection of religion and sexuality--boundaries and rules of sex, purposes of sex, navigating culture and media, and concerns around children and sex, such as imparting values. I also offer clinicians who work with religious couples and families ways to help their clients better navigate the intersection between religion and sex. In study three, I use a nationally representative (CREATE) survey dataset to examine the effect of religion on marital connection (emotional and sexual), and whether commitment and empathy mediate that relationship. Commitment and empathy are both elements of Martin Buber's dialogic philosophy that should help individuals enjoy better connection. The association between religion and marital connection is analyzed over time (Waves II, III, and IV, which are approximately one year apart) and with dyadic data (1,818 households completed all three waves). Commitment and empathy do concurrently mediate the relationship between religion and marital connection, but the effects do not last over time, suggesting that these connective attributes need to be renewed often to have a positive effect on marital outcomes. Religion appears to have a positive impact on marital sexuality and marital connection. Popular thought might indicate that marriage often settles into comfortable complacency, but it is not doomed to. Like dynamic individuals, religious married individuals might find their relationship gets better with time and effort. Married religious individuals might also benefit from future research that examines specific religious doctrines or teachings that help married couples enjoy sanctified sex and increase marital connection.

Avena & Canela es un proyecto de producción de bocaditos saludables ricos y nutritivos para fiestas infantiles, empacados en envases ecoamigables y con información nutricional accesible para padres y niños. Buscamos colaborar en la disminución de los niveles de sobrepeso, obesidad infantil y promover hábitos saludables. Según el análisis del macro y microentorno, existe mayor preocupación por el cuidado nutricional infantil. A nivel del Estado, existen políticas informativas como la “Ley de la Alimentación Saludable para el niño, niña y adolescente”; y a nivel familiar, el incremento de opciones saludables para los niños, verificado en nuestro estudio de mercado. Nuestro negocio va dirigido a padres de familia, con niños hasta los 12 años, del sector socioeconómico A y B de las zonas 6, 7 y 8 de Lima metropolitana. Avena & Canela tiene como factores clave la calidad de insumos y servicio, puntualidad en la entrega y transparencia en la información de nuestros productos. Nuestra estrategia se basa en el alto valor percibido por nuestro cliente y la profesionalización de la elaboración de bocaditos saludables. Nuestras estrategias de venta se centran en el marketing digital y activaciones en colegios de los distritos objetivo. Será necesaria una inversión de S/.96 775, donde el 54% será solicitada a una entidad financiera y la diferencia será capital de los emprendedores. Los indicadores financieros analizados muestran la viabilidad y rentabilidad del negocio mediante un VAN de S/.308,242.15 soles en un periodo de 5 años, una TIR de 72%, concluyendo ser un proyecto rentable. / Avena & Canela is a project to produce healthy, nutritious snacks for children's parties, packed in eco-friendly packaging and with nutritional information accessible to parents and children. We are looking for reduce the levels of overweight, childhood obesity and promoting healthy habits. According to the analysis of the macro and microenvironment, there is greater concern about child nutritional care. At the State level, there are informational policies such as the “Law on Healthy Eating for children and adolescents”; and at the family level, the increase in healthy options for children, verified in our market study. Our business is aimed at parents, with children up to 12 years old, from the socioeconomic sector A and B of zones 6, 7 and 8 of metropolitan Lima. Avena & Canela's key factors are the quality of supplies and service, punctual delivery, and transparency in the information of our products. Our strategy is based on the high value perceived by our client and the professionalization of the preparation of healthy snacks. Our sales strategies are focused on digital marketing and activations in schools in the target districts. An investment of S/.96,775 will be necessary, where 54% will be requested from a financial institution and the difference will be the capital of the entrepreneurs. The financial indicators analyzed show the viability and profitability of the business through an NPV of S/.308,242.15 soles in a period of 5 years, an IRR of 72%, concluding that it is a profitable project. / Trabajo de investigación

El Perú cuenta con más del 70% de personas adultas que sufren de obesidad, esto a consecuencia de la falta de cuidado de su salud y de una dieta balanceada. El país cuenta con alimentos ricos en nutrientes y proteínas, de los cuales no aprovechamos ni conocemos. Uno de ellos, es la cúrcuma, identificado como un importante antinflamatorio, antioxidante, además, cuenta con propiedades anticancerígenas. Esto combinado con el potente efecto de la miel, hace que obtengamos un producto en beneficio para la salud. Es por eso, el presente trabajo de investigación se ha basado en proponer una opción adicional a las del mercado para complementar una dieta saludable. / Peru has more than 70% of adults suffering from obesity, this is a consequence of the lack of health care and a balanced diet. The country has foods rich in nutrients and proteins, which we do not take advantage of or know about. One of them, is turmeric, identified as an important anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, also has anti-cancer properties. This combined with the powerful effect of honey, makes us obtain a product in health benefit. That is why, the present research work has been based on proposing an additional option to those of the market to complement a healthy diet. / Trabajo de investigación

Las tendencias en la actualidad indican un aumento en el consumo de productos orgánicos debido a una mayor preocupación en las personas por cambiar su dieta y cuidar su salud. Aquello hace que las personas estén más dispuestas a buscar constantemente productos con un alto contenido nutricional y propiedades beneficiosas, así como a averiguar acerca de alternativas distintas a las tradicionales y estar dispuestos a desembolsar una mayor cantidad de dinero para adquirir dichos productos. A raíz de ello surge Crickie, dicho producto es una harina de grillo de alta calidad que es bastante útil para los deportistas o personas con un estilo de saludable que buscan consumir un insumo que tenga un alto contenido proteico, sostenible con el medioambiente y diferente a las alternativas tradicionales de suplementos en el mercado. En el trabajo que estamos realizando se procederá a desarrollar una investigación con el fin de ver la viabilidad y rentabilidad del proyecto con el fin de poder proceder a comercializar dicho producto. Asimismo, se aplicará y desarrollará los conocimientos aprendidos durante el transcurso de la carrera al tratar temas relacionados a distintas áreas como finanzas, marketing, negocios internacionales, logística, entre otros. / Actual tendencies indicate a raise in the consumption of organic products because of a mayor concern of the people for changing their diet and taking care of their health. This trend is making people be more disposed to constantly look forward for products with a high nutritional content and the best properties, as well finding about alternatives other than traditional ones and being willing to spend a greater amount of money to purchase such products. As a result of the above, Crickie arises. This product is a high-quality cricket flour that is quite useful for athletes or people with a healthy style who are looking to consume an input that has a high protein content, environmentally sustainable and different from traditional supplement alternatives in the market. In the work that we are carrying out, we will proceed to develop an investigation in order to see the viability and profitability of the project in order to be able to proceed to commercialize said product. Likewise, the knowledge learned during the course of the career will be applied and developed when dealing with topics related to different areas such as finance, marketing, international business, logistics, among others. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente proyecto presenta la idea de negocio llamada Nuggets 7 Heaven que se basa en la producción y comercialización de nuggets de 7 semillas (quinua, chía, avena, kiwicha, linaza, cañihua y maca negra) pre cocidos. Este producto se destaca por su innovación debido a que se trata de una nueva alternativa de alimento para aquellas personas que cuentan con un interés en la alimentación saludable. El público objetivo en el cual se enfoca dicho proyecto es hombres y mujeres de Lima metropolitana de 18 años a más que pertenecen a los sectores económicos A, B y C con un estilo de vida saludable debido a que encuentran pocas opciones de alimentos saludables pre cocidos y estarían dispuestos a pagar por el valor agregado que ofrece este producto. Estos nuggets tienen una sola presentación en caja de 8 unidades. El plan operacional explicará los procesos necesarios para llevar a cabo una producción eficaz desarrollando una relación dinámica con los proveedores y otros socios claves. El plan de marketing establecerá los lineamientos oportunos para establecer una relación con los clientes potenciales a través de estrategias de marketing tradicional y digital, estableciendo como canales de venta las redes sociales, página web y ferias. Finalmente, el análisis de la viabilidad del proyecto se desarrolla en el plan financiero el cual mostrará todos los ingresos y gastos proyectados. Esta idea de negocio plantea una inversión inicial de S/ 25 mil soles y reinversiones anuales posteriores de S/ 10 mil soles cada una. / This project presents the business idea called Nuggets 7 Heaven which is based on production and marketing of pre-cooked 7-seed nuggets (quinoa, chia, oats, kiwicha, flaxseed, cañihua and black maca). This product stands out for its innovation because it is a new food alternative for those who have an interest in healthy eating. The target audience for this project are men and women from metropolitan Lima aged 18 and over who belong to economic sectors A, B and C with a healthy lifestyle because they find few healthy precooked food options and they would be willing to pay for the added value that this product offers. These nuggets have a single presentation in a box of 8 units. The operational plan will explain the processes necessary to carry out efficient production by developing a dynamic relationship with suppliers and other key partners. The marketing plan will establish the appropriate guidelines to establish a relationship with potential customers through traditional and digital marketing strategies, establishing social networks, websites and fairs as sales channels. Finally, the analysis of the viability of the project is developed in the financial plan which will show all the projected income and expenses. This business idea involves an initial investment of S / 25 thousand soles and subsequent annual reinvestments of S / 10 thousand soles each. / Trabajo de investigación

Los cambios en el comportamiento del consumidor que se ha logrado percibir a través de los años ha causado que muchas de las empresas que compiten en el mercado, sin distinción de rubro, hayan optado por adaptarse a los nuevos cambios latentes. Estos cambios se generan en base a que los consumidores ya no buscan solamente adquirir productos o servicios, sino que esperan que estos les generen emociones, es así que nace el marketing experiencial, un nuevo tipo de marketing que, a diferencia del marketing tradicional, busca generar vínculos con el cliente y que así viva experiencias únicas de consumo. Como consecuencia se logra generar valor y trasmitir fidelidad y lealtad en el cliente de hoy en día, el cual es más exigente con las marcas. Por lo tanto, el siguiente trabajo investiga a la lealtad de consumo que los consumidores de 25 a 39 años de NSE A/B que residen en los distritos de la zona 6, 7 y 8 de Lima Metropolitana desarrollan, en base a la aplicación del marketing experiencial, en restaurantes saludables. Las variables que interactúan a partir del tema son: lealtad de consumo y marketing experiencial. Mediante la metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa aplicada en el curso se desea conocer cuan influyente puede ser la experiencia vivida dentro de este tipo de restaurantes para que un consumidor se vuelva leal. / Los cambios en el comportamiento del consumidor que se ha logrado percibir a través de los años ha causado que muchas de las empresas que compiten en el mercado, sin distinción de rubro, hayan optado por adaptarse a los nuevos cambios latentes. Estos cambios se generan en base a que los consumidores ya no buscan solamente adquirir productos o servicios, sino que esperan que estos les generen emociones, es así que nace el marketing experiencial, un nuevo tipo de marketing que, a diferencia del marketing tradicional, busca generar vínculos con el cliente y que así viva experiencias únicas de consumo. Como consecuencia se logra generar valor y trasmitir fidelidad y lealtad en el cliente de hoy en día, el cual es más exigente con las marcas. Por lo tanto, el siguiente trabajo investiga a la lealtad de consumo que los consumidores de 25 a 39 años de NSE A/B que residen en los distritos de la zona 6, 7 y 8 de Lima Metropolitana desarrollan, en base a la aplicación del marketing experiencial, en restaurantes saludables. Las variables que interactúan a partir del tema son: lealtad de consumo y marketing experiencial. Mediante la metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa aplicada en el curso se desea conocer cuan influyente puede ser la experiencia vivida dentro de este tipo de restaurantes para que un consumidor se vuelva leal. / Trabajo de investigación