nÃo hà / O trabalho apresenta um modelo hidrolÃgico inÃdito para a bacia hidrogrÃfica do rio Granjeiro (BHG), com uma Ãrea de contribuiÃÃo de 18,54 kmÂ, altitude variando de 399 a 953 metros acima do nÃvel do mar, localizada no municÃpio do Crato, regiÃo sul do estado do CearÃ, regiÃo de grande relevÃncia econÃmica no estado, destacando-se o comÃrcio e o turismo. O modelo foi desenvolvido utilizando o software HEC-HMS do Centro de Engenharia HidrolÃgico (CEIWR-HEC), do corpo de engenheiros do exercito dos Estados Unidos da AmÃrica (USACE). A metodologia utilizada foi composta por trÃs partes. A primeira parte tratou de extrair os dados geogrÃficos, fÃsicos e hidrolÃgicos, utilizando modelos digitais de elevaÃÃo, imagens de satÃlites e mapas temÃticos de caracterizaÃÃo territorial do estado do CearÃ, por meio do software ArcGIS e sua extensÃo HEC-GeoHMS, para exportÃ-los para o HEC-HMS. A segunda parte se concentrou na construÃÃo dos hietogramas, utilizando a equaÃÃo de chuva do municÃpio do Crato e o mÃtodo dos blocos alternados. E por fim, na terceira etapa foi simulado o escoamento superficial, provocado por chuvas com vÃrios tempos de retornos, tanto para o cenÃrio atual, quanto para vÃrios cenÃrios fictÃcios da BHG, utilizando o mÃtodo desenvolvido pelo ServiÃo de ConservaÃÃo do Solo (SCS) do Departamento de Agricultura dos Estados Unidos (USDA), conhecido como o modelo SCS. Verificou-se que as Sub-bacias SB4, SB5 e SB9 contribuem com 46% do escoamento total no exutÃrio, alÃm de um crescimento de ocupaÃÃo da BHG em 15%, praticamente dobrarà a probabilidade de cheias no canal do rio Granjeiro, enquanto a diminuiÃÃo desta ocupaÃÃo em 15%, praticamente reduz a possibilidade de cheias no canal do rio Granjeiro pela metade. Contudo, à importante frisar, que o modelo hidrolÃgico apresentado à o primeiro modelo elaborado para a BHG, dando aos gestores municipais do Crato a possibilidade de estudar a construÃÃo de obras hidrÃulicas para contenÃÃo das cheias, alÃm de implementaÃÃo de polÃticas pÃblicas de ocupaÃÃo das Ãreas em contidas na BHG, com o objetivo de reduzir as enchentes ocorridas no canal do rio Granjeiro. / The paper proposes a novel model for hydrological river basin Granjeiro (BHG), with a contribution area of 18.54 kmÂ, altitude ranging 399-953 meters above sea level, located in the county of Crato, southern the state of Cearà of great economic importance in the state, especially trade and tourism. The model was developed using the software HEC-HMS Hydrologic Engineering Center (CEIWR-HEC), the engineer corps of the army of the United States (USACE). The methodology used was composed of three parts. The first part dealt with data extraction geographic, physical and hydrological using digital elevation models, satellite images and thematic maps of territorial characterization of the state of CearÃ, through the ArcGIS software and its extension HEC-GeoHMS to export them for HEC-HMS. The second part focused on building the hietogramas, using the equation of rain Crato and the method of alternating blocks. And finally, the third step was simulated runoff caused by rain several times with returns, both for the current scenario, as for several fictional scenarios BHG, using the method developed by the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Department of Agriculture (USDA), known as the SCS model. It was found that the sub-basins SB4, SB5 and SB9 contribute 46% of the total flow in river mouth, end an increase in occupancy of BHG 15%, nearly double the likelihood of flooding in the river channel Granjeiro, while this occupation decreased by 15 %, almost reduces the likelihood of flooding in the river channel Granjeiro by half. However, it is important to note that the hydrological model presented is the first model designed for BHG, giving municipal managers Crato the possibility to study the construction of hydraulic containment of floods, as well as implementation of policies of occupation of areas contained in BHG, with the goal of reducing the flooding that occurred in the river channel Granjeiro.

Submitted by Isaac Francisco de Souza Dias (isaac.souzadias@ufpe.br) on 2015-10-22T17:32:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) VersãoBiblio_LarissaBatista_Diss_UFPE_PPGEC_GRH_2015.pdf: 3785832 bytes, checksum: 935efbfbfe308f7ca28092c3a1c2ca54 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-22T17:32:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) VersãoBiblio_LarissaBatista_Diss_UFPE_PPGEC_GRH_2015.pdf: 3785832 bytes, checksum: 935efbfbfe308f7ca28092c3a1c2ca54 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-06 / CAPES / Mudanças no meio ambiente causadas por ações antrópicas e dinâmicas naturais são evidentes com o aumento do número de eventos extremos, dentre os quais se destacam as inundações por sua abrangência, recorrência e potencial de destruição. A gestão de desastres e as consequentes políticas de mitigação de danos passam pela compreensão do comportamento e interações entre os componentes do risco chamados indicadores. Para tal, foi estabelecida e aplicada metodologia de classificação de indicadores de risco no município do Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Pernambuco, Brasil. Inserida na bacia do rio Pirapama, a cidade do Cabo constitui área em plena expansão com grande relevância econômica para o Estado. Esta pesquisa faz parte do convênio Ministério das Cidades / GEGEP – UFPE - Projeto “Elaboração de cartas geotécnicas de aptidão à urbanização frente aos desastres naturais nos Municípios de Camaragibe; Abreu e Lima; Cabo de Santo Agostinho; Jaboatão dos Guararapes, localizados na Região Metropolitana do Recife, Estado de Pernambuco”. Foram simulados eventos extremos com o uso dos modelos HEC-HMS e HEC-RAS. O modelo hidrológico (HEC-HMS) foi calibrado possibilitando aquisição de hidrogramas para áreas sem dados de vazão observados. O modelo hidrodinâmico (HEC-RAS) simulou eventos em regime permanente para os picos de vazão detectados nos anos de 2000 e 2010, e com auxílio da ferramenta de geoprocessamento, foi possível gerar mapas de profundidade, velocidade e exposição. Foi selecionada uma área na sede do município para estimativa dos danos resultantes das cheias. Foram utilizadas curvas cota-dano desenvolvidas para a cidade de Itajubá/MG. Foi observada a influência fundamental da profundidade para os cenários pós-enchentes, a contribuição determinante da exposição para a origem dos prejuízos e a atuação dos danos diretos para a quantificação da vulnerabilidade, uma vez que são elementos acessíveis. O dano por m2 chegou a R$ 80,29 e se refere apenas à área construída com uso residencial selecionada para a análise.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Recently, engineering researches which deal with urban drainage are proposing the use of computational tools in order to anticipate peak discharges of watersheds and the hydraulic behavior of drainage network system. The use of hydrological and hydraulic computer modeling ensures the minimization of errors in the engineering design process, as well as an increase in quality of the drainage planning work.Therefore, the actual study uses two well know drainage computer codes HEC-HMS and SWMM to design structures to decrease discharge peaks in a watershed situated in a critical area of Fortaleza with respect to floods.This watershed is located west of the city of Fortaleza and at drains the AlagadiÃo stream, which is also the name of the basin. Computer simulation were performed using return periods of 20, 50 e 100 year with and without the presence of dams using both HEC-HMS andSWMM.It was proposed three dams and they were simulated separately and altogether.Result of the simulation showed that the presence of only two dams, caused a significant decrease in flood peaks. According the HEC-HMS this reduction was 24%. According to SWMM, this reduction was 42%. This study is a contribution to the use of computer models in designing urban flood control structures. / Nos Ãltimos anos, pesquisas que envolvem o tema drenagem urbana vÃm introduzindo substancialmente a idÃia do uso de modelos computacionais que simulam os picos de cheias das bacias hidrolÃgicas e o comportamento hidrÃulico da rede de drenagem da bacia. Com o uso da modelagem hidrÃulico-hidrolÃgica podem ser minimizados erros de dimensionamento de projeto, bem como otimizar o planejamento de obras de infra-estrutura com modelos mais detalhados e com menores incerteza, aumentando o nÃvel de confiabilidade da obra. Assim sendo, nesta pesquisa foram escolhidos dois softwares, jà bastante conceituados nos estudos de drenagem urbana, o HEC-HMS e o SWMM, para a anÃlise das suas aplicabilidades no estudo hidrÃulico-hidrolÃgico de amortecimento de cheias em uma das Ãreas crÃticas sujeitas a alagamento no municÃpio de Fortaleza. A Ãrea està localizada a oeste da cidade, e à delimitada pelas Ãreas de contribuiÃÃo do riacho AlagadiÃo, que dà nome a bacia do estudo. Intencionando a atenuaÃÃo dos picos de chuva da Ãrea, foram feitas simulaÃÃes com e sem o uso de reservatÃrios de detenÃÃo para os tempos de recorrÃncia de 20, 50 e 100 anos. Para tanto foram testados o uso de trÃs reservatÃrios em possÃveis pontos de acoplamento, onde foram feitas aplicaÃÃes sem o uso de reservatÃrios, com o uso dos trÃs reservatÃrios separadamente, em pares e em conjunto os trÃs. Dos resultados, observou-se que apenas dois dos reservatÃrios obtiveram uma diminuiÃÃo considerÃvel para a minimizaÃÃo dos problemas de inundaÃÃo da bacia do riacho AlagadiÃo, sendo obtida uma reduÃÃo do pico de cheias de atà 24%, segundo os resultados do HEC-HMS e 42% pelos dados do SWMM, utilizando os dois em conjunto. Por fim, confirma-se a credibilidade no uso das ferramentas computacionais HEC-HMS e SWMM em obras de infra-estrutura urbana, com nÃveis bastante relevantes de detalhamento da bacia. Este estudo à um passo inicial para o desenvolvimento de novos projetos de infra-estrutura como o uso de modelos computacionais hidrÃulico-hidrolÃgicos.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / The sediment yield causes a number of problems, and among them stands out silting of rivers and reservoirs, and contamination of surface water. Sediments result from the processes of erosion, transport, storage and compression. They depend on the physical characteristics of the watershed, as well as soil use and land cover. To study the sediment yield of a river is important to estimate the amount and origin of the sediments transported and deposited in a watershed. Therefore, it is possible to obtain knowledge about the unit of study, which leads to better planning and use of water resources. From liquid and solid discharge measurements in a river section, and conducting a sedimentometrical balance in Vacacaí Mirim reservoir, located at Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, the objective of this research is to characterize the sediment yield of a small watershed. The methodology was based on two stages: the first one was about the sedimentometrical characterization of the study area, and it was carried out between January and November of 2014, with the continuous monitoring of flow and sediments in fluviossedimentometrical station João Goulart, whose laboratory samples were also characterized and had their sediment concentration determined; the second stage was about the execution of sedimentometrical balance in the reservoir with the help of HEC-HMS 4.0 modeling program. Sediment entries, storage and output were checked in Vacacaí Mirim reservoir, which influences the study area. The results for the hydrossedimentometrical monitoring were satisfactory, getting a key curve with determination coefficient of 0.96; sedimentometrical curves ranged from 0.93 to 0.98; concentration ratio between suspended sediment and turbidity was 0.84, being considered acceptable; particle size characteristics were predominantly silt, for suspended material, and sand, for dragged material. Balance calibration for sedimentometrical hydrologic model gave a Nasch-Sutcliffe between 0.13 to 0.53 and 0.44 in validation; about reservoir sediments balance, it was noted and therefore considered that all sediment that enters the reservoir is retained and more sediment is produced downstream thereof mouth of the river it reaches the watershed. / A produção de sedimentos ocasiona uma série de problemas, entre eles destacam-se assoreamento dos rios e reservatórios e contaminação das águas superficiais. Os sedimentos são resultado dos processos de erosão, transporte, depósito e compactação. Dependem das características físicas da bacia hidrográfica e do uso e ocupação do solo. Estudar a produção de sedimentos em um rio é importante para estimar a quantidade e a origem dos sedimentos transportados e depositados em uma bacia hidrográfica, podendo assim, obter conhecimento da unidade de estudo e realizar um melhor planejamento e aproveitamento dos recursos hídricos. O objetivo desta pesquisa é de caracterizar a produção de sedimentos de uma pequena bacia hidrográfica, a partir de medições de descarga líquida e sólida na seção do rio e realizar um balanço sedimentométrico no reservatório do Vacacaí Mirim no município de Santa Maria. A metodologia se baseou em duas etapas: primeira etapa foi à realização da caracterização sedimentométrica da área de estudo com o monitoramento contínuo das vazões e sedimentos na estação fluviossedimentométrica João Goulart no período de janeiro a novembro de 2014 e na determinação da concentração de sedimentos e caracterização das amostras em laboratório; a segunda etapa foi à realização do balanço sedimentométrico no reservatório com o auxílio do programa de modelagem HEC-HMS 4.0 onde foram verificados as entradas, armazenamento e saída de sedimentos no reservatório Vacacaí Mirim que influencia a área de estudo. Os resultados obtidos para o monitoramento hidrossedimentométrico foram satisfatórios, obtendo uma curva-chave com coeficiente de determinação de 0,96; as curvas sedimentométricas variando de 0,93 a 0,98; a relação da concentração de sedimentos em suspensão e a turbidez foi de 0,84 sendo consideradas aceitáveis; as características granulométricas do material em suspensão foi predominante o silte e para o material em arraste foi à areia. Para o balanço sedimentométrico a calibração hidrológica do modelo obteve-se um Nasch-Sutcliffe entre 0,13 a 0,53 e na validação de 0,44; as considerações observadas no balanço de sedimentos no reservatório foram que todo o sedimento que entra fica retido no reservatório e é produzido mais sedimentos a jusante do mesmo que chega até o exutório da bacia.

This thesis evaluates the effectiveness of several flood mitigation strategies for reducing peak discharges in the Upper Cedar River Watershed located in northeast Iowa. Triggered by record flooding in June 2008, the Iowa Watersheds Project was formed to evaluate and construct projects for flood reduction. The Upper Cedar was selected as a pilot watershed and a hydrologic assessment was performed to better understand its flood hydrology. Evaluation of different flood mitigation strategies was performed with HEC-HMS, a lumped parameter surface water model. The hydrologic model development is described and the model applications are analyzed. The HMS model was used in several ways to better understand the flood hydrology of the Upper Cedar River Watershed. First, the runoff potential of the basin was assessed to identify the primary runoff generation mechanisms. Areas with agricultural land use and moderately to poorly draining soils had the highest runoff potential. Following, the model was used to evaluate the impact of several flood mitigation strategies - increased infiltration through land use changes, increased infiltration through soil improvements, and added storage in the watershed to hold runoff temporarily and reduce downstream flood peaks - for different flood frequency events (the 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year, 24-hour design rain storms) and the June 2008 flood. Although each scenario is hypothetical and simplified, they do provide benchmarks for the types of reductions physically possible and the effectiveness of strategies relative to one another. In order to reduce the impacts of flooding in the Upper Cedar, a combination of projects that enhance infiltration and/or store excess runoff will be necessary.

The goal of hydrologic models is to accurately predict a future event of a given magnitude. Historic data are often used to calibrate models to increase their ability to forecast accurately. The GSSHA model is a distributed model that uses physical parameters and physics based computations to compute water flow from cell to cell based on a 2 dimensional grid. The goal of calibration is to obtain good estimates for the actual parameters of the watershed. These parameters should then transfer to other storm events of different magnitudes more easily than an empirical model. In conducting this research three watersheds were selected in different parts of the United States and the required data were collected to develop and run single event hydrologic models. The WMS software was used to preprocess digital spatial data for model creation before calibrating them with the GSSHA model. A calibrated HEC-HMS model was also developed for each watershed for comparative purposes. Establishing GSSHA's usability in routine hydrologic modeling is the primary objective of this research. This has been accomplished by developing guidelines for GSSHA calibrations, assisted by WMS, testing model accuracy in the calibration and verification phases, and comparing results with HEC-HMS, a model widely accepted for routine hydrologic modeling. As a result of this research, the WMS interface has become well equipped to set up and run GSSHA model calibrations. The focus has been on single event, or routine hydrologic model simulations, but continuous simulation calibrations, an important strength of GSSHA, can also be developed. Each of the model simulations in the study calibrated well in terms of matching peak and volume. However, the verification for two out of the three watersheds used in the study was less than ideal. The results of this research indicate that the physical factors, which GSSHA should represent well, are particularly sensitive for single event storms. The use of calibration of single events is therefore difficult in some cases and may not be recommended. Further research could be done to establish guidelines for situations (e.g. watershed conditions, storm type, etc.) where single event calibration is plausible.

No description available.

No description available.

The Wadi Dhuliel catchment/ North east Jordan, as any other arid area has distinctive hydrological features with limited water resources. The hydrological regime is characterized by high variability of temporal and spatial rainfall distributions, flash floods, absence of base flow, and high rates of evapotranspiration. The aim of this Ph.D. thesis was to apply lumped and distributed models to simulate stream flow in the Wadi Dhuliel arid catchment. Intensive research was done to estimate the spatial and temporal rainfall distributions using remote sensing. Because most rainfall-runoff models were undertaken for other climatic zones, an attempt was made to study limitations and challenges and improve rainfall-runoff modeling in arid areas in general and for the Wadi Dhuliel in particular. The thesis is divided into three hierarchically ordered research topics. In the first part and research paper, the metric conceptual IHACRES model was applied to daily and storm events time scales, including data from 19 runoff events during the period 1986-1992. The IHACRES model was extended for snowfall in order to cope with such extreme events. The performance of the IHACRES model on daily data was rather poor while the performance on the storm events scale shows a good agreement between observed and simulated streamflow. The modeled outputs were expected to be sensitive when the observed flood was relatively small. The optimum parameter values were influenced by the length of a time series used for calibration and event specific changes. In the second research paper, the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP_MVK+) dataset was used to evaluate the precipitation rates over the Wadi Dhuliel arid catchment for the period from January 2003 to March 2008. Due to the scarcity of the ground rain gauge network, the detailed structure of the rainfall distribution was inadequate, so an independent from interpolation techniques was used. Three meteorological stations and six rain gauges were used to adjust and compare with GSMaP_MVK+ estimates. Comparisons between GSMaP_MVK+ measurements and ground rain gauge records show distinct regions of correlation, as well as areas where GSMaP_MVK+ systematically over- and underestimated ground rain gauge records. A multiple linear regression (MLR) model was used to derive the relationship between rainfall and GSMaP_MVK+ in conjunction with temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. The MLR equations were defined for the three meteorological stations. The ‘best’ fit of the MLR model for each station was chosen and used to interpolate a multiscale temporal and spatial distribution. Results show that the rainfall distribution over the Wadi Dhuliel is characterized by clear west-east and north-south gradients. Estimates from the monthly MLR model were more reliable than estimates obtained using daily data. The adjusted GSMaP_MVK+ dataset performed well in capturing the spatial patterns of the rainfall at monthly and annual time scales, while daily estimation showed some weakness for light and moderate storms. In the third research paper, the HEC-HMS and IHACRES rainfall runoff models were applied to simulate a single streamflow event in the Wadi Dhuliel catchment that occurred in 30-31.01.2008. Both models are considered suitable for arid conditions. The HEC-HMS model application was done in conjunction with the HEC-GeoHMS extension in ArcView 3.3. Streamflow estimation was performed on hourly data. The aim of this study was to develop a new framework of rainfall-runoff model applications in arid catchment by integrating a re-adjusted satellite derived rainfall dataset (GSMaP_MVK+) to determine the location of the rainfall storm. Each model has its own input data sets. HEC-HMS input data include soil type, land use/land cover map, and slope map. IHACRES input data sets include hourly rainfall and temperature. The model was calibrated and validated using observed stream flow data collected from Al-Za’atari discharge station. IHACRES shows some weaknesses, while the flow comparison between the calibrated streamflow results agrees well with the observed streamflow data of the HEC-HMS model. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (Ef) for both models was 0.51, and 0.88 respectively. The application of HEC-HMS model in this study is considered to be satisfactory.

The Wadi Dhuliel catchment/ North east Jordan, as any other arid area has distinctive hydrological features with limited water resources. The hydrological regime is characterized by high variability of temporal and spatial rainfall distributions, flash floods, absence of base flow, and high rates of evapotranspiration. The aim of this Ph.D. thesis was to apply lumped and distributed models to simulate stream flow in the Wadi Dhuliel arid catchment. Intensive research was done to estimate the spatial and temporal rainfall distributions using remote sensing. Because most rainfall-runoff models were undertaken for other climatic zones, an attempt was made to study limitations and challenges and improve rainfall-runoff modeling in arid areas in general and for the Wadi Dhuliel in particular. The thesis is divided into three hierarchically ordered research topics. In the first part and research paper, the metric conceptual IHACRES model was applied to daily and storm events time scales, including data from 19 runoff events during the period 1986-1992. The IHACRES model was extended for snowfall in order to cope with such extreme events. The performance of the IHACRES model on daily data was rather poor while the performance on the storm events scale shows a good agreement between observed and simulated streamflow. The modeled outputs were expected to be sensitive when the observed flood was relatively small. The optimum parameter values were influenced by the length of a time series used for calibration and event specific changes. In the second research paper, the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP_MVK+) dataset was used to evaluate the precipitation rates over the Wadi Dhuliel arid catchment for the period from January 2003 to March 2008. Due to the scarcity of the ground rain gauge network, the detailed structure of the rainfall distribution was inadequate, so an independent from interpolation techniques was used. Three meteorological stations and six rain gauges were used to adjust and compare with GSMaP_MVK+ estimates. Comparisons between GSMaP_MVK+ measurements and ground rain gauge records show distinct regions of correlation, as well as areas where GSMaP_MVK+ systematically over- and underestimated ground rain gauge records. A multiple linear regression (MLR) model was used to derive the relationship between rainfall and GSMaP_MVK+ in conjunction with temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. The MLR equations were defined for the three meteorological stations. The ‘best’ fit of the MLR model for each station was chosen and used to interpolate a multiscale temporal and spatial distribution. Results show that the rainfall distribution over the Wadi Dhuliel is characterized by clear west-east and north-south gradients. Estimates from the monthly MLR model were more reliable than estimates obtained using daily data. The adjusted GSMaP_MVK+ dataset performed well in capturing the spatial patterns of the rainfall at monthly and annual time scales, while daily estimation showed some weakness for light and moderate storms. In the third research paper, the HEC-HMS and IHACRES rainfall runoff models were applied to simulate a single streamflow event in the Wadi Dhuliel catchment that occurred in 30-31.01.2008. Both models are considered suitable for arid conditions. The HEC-HMS model application was done in conjunction with the HEC-GeoHMS extension in ArcView 3.3. Streamflow estimation was performed on hourly data. The aim of this study was to develop a new framework of rainfall-runoff model applications in arid catchment by integrating a re-adjusted satellite derived rainfall dataset (GSMaP_MVK+) to determine the location of the rainfall storm. Each model has its own input data sets. HEC-HMS input data include soil type, land use/land cover map, and slope map. IHACRES input data sets include hourly rainfall and temperature. The model was calibrated and validated using observed stream flow data collected from Al-Za’atari discharge station. IHACRES shows some weaknesses, while the flow comparison between the calibrated streamflow results agrees well with the observed streamflow data of the HEC-HMS model. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (Ef) for both models was 0.51, and 0.88 respectively. The application of HEC-HMS model in this study is considered to be satisfactory.