Mathematics of the Islamic medieval world is still not sufficiently studied. As a result, a goldmine of Islamic medieval books and materials lie unexplored. One manuscript that certainly deserves attention is al-Bāhir fi’l-Jabr (The Shining Treatise on Algebra) of al-Samaw’al ibn Yahya al-Maghribi, a twelfth century mathematician. Al-Bāhir fi’l-Jabr is a manuscript written in Arabic and has never been translated except for a few excerpts in French. The purpose of this study was to explore the mathematical and pedagogical contribution of al-Samaw’al through an analysis of al-Samaw’al’s mathematical techniques and methods in al-Bāhir fi’l-Jabr. Moreover, the treatise provides a precise description of the “arithmetization of algebra”, and gives an accounting of the original ideas of another mathematician, al-Karaji, whose original documents have been lost. To develop a comprehensive picture of al-Samaw’al’s mathematical techniques and methods in al-Bāhir fi’l-Jabr (and his contribution to algebra in particular) this research has been based mainly on a careful analysis of al-Samaw’al’s manuscript in MSS Aya Sofia numbered 2718 (116ff), stored in the Suleymaniye library (Istanbul, Turkey). This study of al-Bāhir fi’l-Jabr focuses on an overview of how al-Samaw’al dealt with signed numbers, exponents and polynomial operations. Furthermore, this study describes the al-Samaw’al’s “method of the tables,” certain algorithms he employed, as well as his work on the binomial theorem, binomial coefficients, and the tabular arrangement known today as Pascal’s triangle. Most importantly, the study attempts to show the pedagogical approaches of al-Samaw’al.

UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA HISTORICKÉ VĚDY ABSTRAKT DISERTAČNÍ PRÁCE 2021 Jan KONŮPEK UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA HISTORICKÉ VĚDY ABSTRAKT DISERTAČNÍ PRÁCE JAN KONŮPEK DĚJINY STŘEDOVĚKÉHO OSÍDLENÍ V KONTEXTU ČESKÉ HISTORIOGRAFIE MINULOST A PERSPEKTIVA HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF CZECH HISTORY AND PERSPECTIVE Doubrava 2021 prof. PhDr. Zdeněk Beneš, CSc. Abstract: The dissertation thesis intends to affect changes within the studies of medieval settlement in context with Czech historiography. It focuses on the relationship between the character of historiographical discourse and applied methods of research. The subject of relational analysis is both linguistic branches of Bohemian historiography. Changes in the specific field discourse are observed against the background of changes in Bohemian historical culture. Thus, the ways of multiplication of historical knowledge and the connection to the socio-political, cultural and institutional context of the observed issues are also monitored. The work mainly takes into account the territory of the wider historical Cheb region, which is used as a model example of changes in historical questioning depending on changes in historical awareness and social context of the time. Special...

This dissertation examines the transmission of the past and how it is affected by context, source materials, and the individual with regards to opinion and inherent bias. The subject of this analysis is Jan Christiaan Smuts and how he has been portrayed over the last century. Various authors are analysed with W. K. Hancock forming a kind of watershed given the access to primary material. The dissertation includes a brief discussion of South African historiography as well as a brief biographical outline of Smuts's life. The main concern is however a literature analysis of selected material which will set out to illustrate how information is often "lost in transmission." / Dissertation (MHCS)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Historical and Heritage Studies / MHCS / Unrestricted

South Africa has had three periods of historiographical change. As South Africa has transitioned from colonialism, to apartheid, to democracy, historiography has been influenced by those in power. Post-1994 and with the onset of a democratic government, the Nation sought to create a new historiographical framework. However, as this attempt to build a National historiography developed questions could be raised as to whether this historiography was inclusive of a variety of sources? This dissertation looks at three areas regarding South African historiography. First, the current role of Churches in South Africa in fostering historiography. Second, the theological framework of "Ras, Volk en Nasie", the "Kairos Document", and the "Belhar Confession". Third, the depiction of South Africa by the Church of Scotland's National magazine "Life and Work" during 1975 – 1985. By looking at this time period, the thesis shows that as various strands of theology developed in South Africa, these changes had connotations within the Church of Scotland. Life and Work shows a distinct change in attitude towards the Dutch Reformed Church and the Black Consciousness movement. It argues that underrepresented stories about South Africa allow for a holistic historiography. Churches in South Africa have an opportunity to use their position within society to develop this holistic historiography and thus, historiography becomes a practical theological issue. / Dissertation (MTh)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Church History and Church Policy / MTh / Unrestricted

Orientadora: Fabiana Lopes da Cunha / Banca: Antonio Simplicio de Almeida Neto / Banca: Milton Carlos Costa / Banca: Ronaldo Cardoso Alves / Banca: Alexandre de Sá Avelar / Resumo: Esta tese apresenta a trajetória do polígrafo e historiador João Ribeiro (1860-1934) durante a Primeira República Brasileira (1889-1930). Analisando sua biografia e as principais obras pretende-se reavaliar a atuação desse importante homem de letras e suas contribuições à historiografia brasileira de então, bem como sua atuação no Ensino de História, em especial como autor de livros didáticos. Além disso, este estudo põe em foco os debates intelectuais acerca da identidade nacional brasileira em um período marcado pela prevalência de uma cultura cosmopolita nos países ocidentais destacando a contribuição de João Ribeiro para a área / Abstract: This thesis presents the trajectory of the polygraph and historian João Ribeiro (1860- 1934) during the First Brazilian Republic (1889-1930). Analyzing his biography and the main works, it is intended to reevaluate the performance of this important man of letters and his contributions to the Brazilian historiography of that time, as well as his performance in History Teaching, especially as author of textbooks. In addition, this study focuses on intellectual debates about Brazilian national identity in a period marked by the prevalence of a cosmopolitan culture in western countries highlighting the contribution of João Ribeiro to the area / Doutor

The Yuppie, the Young Urban Professional, is a social type closely linked to the popular historical conception of the 1980s. The type is characterized as a young person working in banking, media or finance with expensive tastes in consumption and an individualistic, vapid mindset. Considering the popular conception of the Yuppie as a sort of manifestation of all things 80s, this paper explores how the Yuppie was represented in Swedish newspapers in the period 1984 to 1991. Using Bourdieu’s concept of the classificatory struggle this study charts how the Yuppie was invoked in the social world of its day. Contrary to the mythic belief of the 1980s as the decade of the Yuppie, the social type is represented only as a culturally dominant type between 1985 and 1987 and becomes a historical concept by 1988. The Yuppie was channeled as opposed to the socially conscious Hippie-type of the 1970s and the traditional Swedish working class. Furthermore, the Yuppie was viewed by contemporary commentators as a sort of amalgamation of various social and economic trends that they meant characterized the 1980s, such as the growth and deregulation of the financial sector, rising prices of housing in central Stockholm, and the rise of new forms of labor starkly different from the traditional swedish industry. This contemporary ‘historization’ of the Yuppie attests to a view of history as a sort of pendulum of zeitgeists, where Yuppie replaces hippie, individualism replaces social conscience, seemingly of its own volition.

While Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde is not, strictly speaking, a translation, it is heavily indebted both to the medieval understanding of Trojan historiography and to Boccacio's handling of the romance of Troiolo and Criseida in his Filostrado. While Chaucer was a capable translator with respect and fondness for Boccaccio's text, he was also a confident innovator who was quite willing to modify, append, or totally change the text whenever the needs of his particular narrative warrant it. One such site of this deliberate alteration is in the handling of the character of Priam, King of Troy. While Chaucer includes every passage in which Boccaccio mentions Priam, he consistently modifies the phrasing or situation in order to downplay the king's political role, emphasizing instead his interpersonal or familial bonds. Furthermore, the material that Chaucer adds concerning Priam expands the changes made in translation, furthering a move away from the social and political and toward the personal and the individual. This example, one of many, indicates that Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde is a work constructed around history that tries to suppress the political and historical, attempting instead to interpret events and characters in terms of their most immediate, personal settings or, when pressed, by eternal truths such as Love or Fortune. Such a focus allows us to see the "depth" of the individual or the philosophical foundations of their faith while attempting to deny the political and ideological construction of this subjectivity and belief.

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