The first part of the thesis deals with the constitution of the modern conception of history as an independent ontological region, which is characterized by its reflexivity, i.e. the same word history does mean both action and knowledge, information about it. From this perspective, attention is paid to the main stages of development of historiography. We start with constitution of the modern conception of history in the Enlightenment and its philosophical explanation in Kant (§ 2). Followed by an analysis of the historical method developed by Droysen, being shown how the methodological limitations of this approach were associated with understanding the historical reflexivity as identity, inherited from idealistic philosophy (§ 3). A rejection of the sociological approaches in historiography refers to fundamental differences in the conception of the relationship of knowledge and action in both types of disciplines (§ 4). Great attention is paid to the renaissance of historiography attaching to enforcement cultural-anthropological paradigm, in which it was seen as a solution of problems connected with historicism and social science approach (§ 5). The second part concentrates on the analysis of the basic philosophical assumptions of cultural anthropology. Exploration leads to the establishment of the...

This study endeavours to research the field of literary historiography in general and specifically biographic historiography. In South Africa this genre has a limited tradition. Apart from a few diffused contributions by specialists in technical and other publications, and the essays by Hennie Aucamp in Beeltenis verbode and J.C. Kannemeyer in Getuigskrifte and Ontsyferde stene, very little research has been done in South Africa in this field. Chapter one expounds the research methodology. It briefly states the definition of the problem, as well as the goal orientation and the delimitation of the field of study, actuality, hypotheses and structural development. Chapter two affords the theoretical foundation of literary and more specifically biographic historiography. The concept "biography" is defined. The modern biography and its characteristics and structure are scrutinized in terms of different theoretical criteria. Finally this chapter contem-plates some problems experienced by contemporary biographers. Chapter three is an overview which sets out the history of biographic historiography from the most ancient times, during the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, and the 16th to the 20th century. Biographic historiography in the USA is closely researched. Major achievements and the most important texts which influenced the genre are emphasized. The contributions of notable bio-graphers such as James Boswell and Lytton Strachey are highlighted. Chapter four is the core of this dissertation. Initially it contemplates biographic historiography in South Africa in general. Thereafter it researches literary biographies in depth. The earliest comprehensive literary biography in Afrikaans, Ds. S.J. du Toit in weg en werk by Totius, is discussed. Attention is drawn to Leon Rousseau's biography of Eugène N. Marais, which, in 1974, ushered in the true beginning of this tradition in Afrikaans. Subsequently the biographies of V.E. d'Assonville on Totius and S.J. du Toit are discussed. The major part of this chapter is devoted to the oeuvre of J.C. Kannemeyer, who probably made the most important contribution in this field with his comprehensive biographies on D.J. Opperman, C.J. Langenhoven, and C. Louis Leipoldt. Finally J.C. Steyn's monumental description of the life of N.P. van Wyk Louw, in two volumes, is discussed. The discussion and evaluation of these texts are set out narratively and comparatively. The said biographies are evaluated according to different biographic theories. Chapter five, a concise chapter, evaluates the hypotheses set out at the beginning of this research. Furthermore it is indicated that the field of biographic historiography in South Africa is still not properly exploited. Suggestions for further research are given. South Africa is a multi-ethnic country and contradictory political, cultural, socio-economic and language interests are not uncommon. Biographies could contribute to mutual understanding of these diversities, as manifested in J.C. Steyn's Van Wyk Louw: 'n Lewensverhaal. Perhaps at present research in this field is crucial. / Thesis (MA (Afrikaans))--University of Pretoria, 2003. / Afrikaans / unrestricted

The diploma thesis aims to map the transformation of the image of the Cossacks in the works of key Russian historians of the 19th century and early 20th century. Formulating the topic, the author assumes that the Cossacks played an extremely important role in shaping the concept of Russian history in the 19th century - the era of modern, scientific historical research in the Russian environment. Analysing the Cossack myth, author focuses on the remarkable fact that Russian 19th century and early 20th century historiography with Cossacks its specific leaders (leaders of the Cossack uprisings Kryshtof Kosynsky, Severyn Nalyvaiko, Hetmans Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Ivan Vyhovsky, Petro Doroshenko, Ivan Mazeppa) associates (sometimes quite contradictory) with historical processes and roles (defense of Orthodoxy, driving forces in the formation of the Russian state, an anarchist, dangerous element disrupting state order, personification of desire for free life or opposition to Tsarist autocracy). The greatest attention will be paid to the two hetmans of the Ukrainian Cossacks - Khmelnytsky and Mazeppa. At the end of the thesis, the author defines the models and long-term tendencies of shaping the image of the Cossacks and their historical role with regard to the existence of various historical schools and at...

Much has been written about various aspects of the long presence of the Knights of the Order St John on the island of Malta. Nonetheless, throughout this literature there is one noticeable omission - a study of the commercial development of the harbour area during the first decades of the Order’s rule. Despite Malta’s small size, the presence of the Order of St John (1530 -1798) ensured an inflow of foreign resources which eventually permitted very dense human settlement and an international projection beyond the island’s shores which was largely disproportionate to what would normally have occurred in such a small and sterile island. The maritime nature of the Order and the heavy dependence on imports hastened the creation of an efficient maritime communication system. The development of all these economic activities resulted in a prime economic means of generating wealth and served as a pull factor to a large number of enterprising individuals, both local and foreign. Early modern Hospitaller Malta eventually saw the consolidation of an enterprising business class, which, out of sheer necessity, grew accustomed to operating well beyond its narrow confines. In turn, this contributed to the island becoming more open to connectivity with the outside world. Hence, the main aim of this thesis is to explore in detail various economic activities taking place in Malta during this particular period which spans from 1530 to 1565. The year 1565 has been chosen as a marker since during this year there was a break in the normal chain of events due to the turmoil created by the Great Siege. In order to reach this goal the practical functioning of commerce with its agreements and disputes, its currencies, its trading posts and its nodal points shall be analyzed. Furthermore, this thesis strives to show how notarial evidence, together with that derived from records of various tribunals set up on the island at the time, supplement each other and help to fill in gaps. While discussing different methodological approaches to the study of the Mediterranean, the first chapter of this study shall also assess Malta’s place within the wider Mediterranean historiographical framework. It shall also trace the development of Maltese historiography and its contribution to the study of legal, economic and social issues relating to the sixteenth century. Furthermore, this study shall place the various series of primary sources used for its compilation in their proper context, thus allowing the reader to evaluate better the significance of the information provided. The second chapter shall evaluate how the arrival of the Order provided for the setting up of new institutions and for the promulgation of new laws in order to consolidate its authority over the island despite repeated promises to respect and honour ancient rights and privileges. The following three chapters shall each be dedicated to a particular case study which will try to address specific topics that have been largely neglected in Maltese historiography. Thus, starting with an analysis of the grain trade, which was of the utmost importance for a sterile island with an ever-increasing population, it will be followed by another case study which seeks to evaluate the role of women, their legal persona and how this affected their contribution to the island’s economic activities. The final chapter will try to establish whether there were any commercial links between Malta, often described as the frontier and bulwark of Christianity, and its neighbouring Ottoman North African territories. If such trade existed, how did merchants, both Christian and Muslim, manage to overcome religious antagonism which should have inhibited the easy flow of trade? The objective of this study shall therefore be to shed much-needed light on economic activities taking place in and around the harbour area during a largely unexplored period in Maltese history. Moreover, it shall seek to provide a better understanding of Mediterranean commercial relations since the Maltese harbour was a point of intersection not only for people of different nationalities, but even for people of different faiths, such as Muslims, Jews and Christians of different denominations. All had one common goal which unified them, that is, trading and making profit out of it.

This thesis considers the geographical and chronological forms of ‘mirroring’ that offer a way of reading 'Annals' 1-6. It looks at how Tacitus’ depictions of non-Romans reflect back on Rome, and at the echoes of Rome’s past and future that can be discerned within his description of Tiberius’ principate. After an introduction that discusses key thematic and methodological questions, Chapter 1 shows that Tiberius’ accession and the Pannonian and German mutinies described in 'Annals' 1 echo Tacitus’ account in 'Histories' 1 of events of AD 69. Moreover, when the Romans attempt to conquer Germany, the Germans’ resistance to this and to other efforts to rule them shows up Roman responses to civil war and autocracy. Chapter 2 begins by examining potential similarities between Roman and both Parthian and Armenian history, and then focuses on Germanicus’ voyage in the east, recounted in 'Annals' 2. His actions associate him with many late republican and early imperial Roman figures, which suggests that there are continuities between those two eras. Chapter 3 extends this theme by discussing the echoes of Sallust and Caesar in the central books of the Tiberian hexad. Intertexts with Sallust’s 'Bellum Catilinae' especially hint that earlier civil conflicts are about to be replayed in some form, as the appearance of Sejanus, the ‘new Catiline’, confirms. Chapter 4 further considers Tacitus’ inferences about the overlap between republican and imperial history, and then examines anti-Roman revolts in 'Annals' 2, 3 and 4. Foreign rebels’ relative success in attempting to reclaim their freedom correlates with their distance from Rome, and this has clear implications for the status of Roman 'libertas' under Tiberius. Finally, the outbreak of ‘civil war within the principate’, and indeed within the imperial house, is analysed. Chapter 5 traces the continuation of this ‘civil war’, and proposes that the last book of the Tiberian hexad again looks directly to 69, as well as to the excesses of other Julio-Claudians. It also considers Tacitus’ account of Roman intervention in Parthia: this episode confirms imperial Rome’s propensity for autocracy and civil war. There follows a short conclusion in which some speculation is offered about how some of the themes discussed in this thesis with reference to the Tiberian hexad may have been represented in the lost central books of the 'Annals'.

余兆權. / 論文(碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院歷史學部,1995. / 參考文獻: leaves 91-97. / Yu Zhaoquan. / 論文提要 --- p.III / Chapter 笫一章 --- 緒綸 --- p.1-14 / Chapter 笫一´節´ؤؤ --- 研究緣起與目的 --- p.1-2 / Chapter 笫二´節´ؤؤ --- 研究範圍與方法 --- p.2-7 / Chapter 笫三´節´ؤؤ --- 商鞅及韓非其人其書簡介 --- p.8-14 / Chapter 笫二章 --- 從《商君書》看商鞅的歷史觀 --- p.15-32 / Chapter 第一´節´ؤؤ --- 歷史三世¨®Ơ與歷史演化觀 --- p.15-19 / Chapter 笫二´節´ؤؤ --- 歷史發展根源論與國家起源論 --- p.20-22 / Chapter 第三´節´ؤؤ --- 尊古而不法古的先王觀 --- p.22-27 / Chapter 笫四´節´ؤؤ --- 因時制宜的變古觀 --- p.27-29 / Chapter 笫五´節´ؤؤ --- 利用歷史為政治工具的歷史功用論 --- p.29-31 / Chapter 笫六´節´ؤؤ --- 小結 --- p.31-32 / Chapter 笫三章 --- 從《韓非子》看韓非的歷史觀 --- p.33-58 / Chapter 笫一´節´ؤؤ --- 歷史分期¨®Ơ與歷史演化觀 --- p.33:36 / Chapter 笫二´節´ؤؤ --- 歷史發展的社會、經濟根源論 --- p.37-40 / Chapter 笫三´節´ؤؤ --- 尊古而不法古的先王觀 --- p.40-45 / Chapter 笫四´節´ؤؤ --- 因時制宜的變古觀 --- p.45-48 / Chapter 笫五´節´ؤؤ --- 反天命而重人事的聖王史觀 --- p.49-52 / Chapter 笫六´節´ؤؤ --- 制用的史學思想 --- p.53-56 / Chapter 第七´節´ؤؤ --- 小結 --- p.57-58 / Chapter 笫四章 --- 先秦法家歷史觀的特色及其研議 --- p.59-71 / Chapter 笫一´節´ؤؤ --- 先秦法家歷史觀的特色 --- p.59-63 / Chapter 第二´節´ؤؤ --- 先秦法家歷史觀研議 --- p.63-71 / Chapter 笫五章 --- 結 論 --- p.72-74 / 各章註釋 --- p.75-90 / 参考書目 --- p.91-97

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:31:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almir Felix Batista de Oliveira.pdf: 6626932 bytes, checksum: e59557103f2f9cbc915d1e081a160916 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-11 / This doctorate study aims to examine (investigate, characterize and understand) the relationships entertained in Brazil between most recent historiography (academic and academic history) and didactic historiography, in other words, the writing for elementary's school students and teachers consumption (History textbook), with regard to the concept cultural heritage. From the analysis of four collections of the first phase of Basic Education that were approved in the assessments made by the National Textbook Program (PNLD) 2004, 2007, 2010 and 2013, we sought to understand how this concept appears in those textbooks. We seek to identify the ways that the didactic historiography appropriates the thesis about cultural heritage developed in recent years and produced, sometimes by historians with the changes in historical science, or by other professionals (architects, anthropologists, geographers, etc.) that have addressed this theme. For further, we also seek to understand how the teaching of history (identity trainer) using textbooks of history (didactic historiography) and with the measurement history teacher can ensure learning that takes into account the recognition the other and of cultural diversity / O presente trabalho de doutoramento tem por objetivo examinar (investigar, caracterizar e compreender) as relações entretidas no Brasil entre a historiografia de ponta (historiografia acadêmica e universitária) e a historiografia didática, ou seja, a escrita destinada ao consumo dos alunos e professores do ensino fundamental (llivro ddidático de História), no que diz respeito ao conceito ppatrimônio ccultural. A partir da análise de quatro coleções para a primeira fase do Ensino Fundamental aprovadas nas avaliações realizadas pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) 2004, 2007, 2010 e 2013, buscamos compreender como esse conceito aparece no livro didático. Buscamos identificar as formas pelas quais a historiografia didática se apropria das teses sobre o patrimônio cultural desenvolvidas nos últimos anos e produzidas, ora pelos historiadores concomitantes com as mudanças na ciência histórica, ora por outros profissionais (arquitetos, antropólogos, geógrafos, entre outros) que se debruçam sobre essa temática. Para, além disso, buscamos também compreender, como o ensino de história (formador de identidade) utilizando-se dos livros didáticos de história (historiografia didática) e contando com a medição do professor de história possa garantir um aprendizado que leve em consideração o reconhecimento do outro e da diversidade cultural

When we speak of historical events, we do so with a certain amount of perceived knowledge; that is, we come to believe we know specific, individual 'truths' about the event. Since historical works are never unembellished lists of documented facts, the knowledge of how we conceive of factual events, how we document events we did not witness, is important in understanding the resulting storytelling process, not just in fictional literary constructs such as novels, short stories, poetry or film, but in the formulation of history itself. For written history must be seen, at least in part, as a constructed or representational reality and this construction generally takes place organically, that is, there are no architects of such histories. Instead, they come together as a result of public acceptance of the individual elements of the narrative. Over time, historical data and anecdotal narrative solidify into a cohesive whole made up of both hard fact and individual response to those facts, a blended whole that can be termed the master narrative of the historical event and which serves as the basis on which we construct the fictional narratives of literature and film.

This thesis has two main objectives. First, it accomplishes a detailed critical reading of Michel Foucault’s writings on the archaeology of knowledge, focusing on the emergence of political economy. Second, it explores some possibilities opened up by his work for a rethinking of the historiography and methodology of economics. The first results from the fact that there have been very few assessments of his archaeology of economics, not only in economics itself, but also in the fields of philosophy and history of thought in general. Although it may be possible to find some applications in economics of notions and concepts introduced by him, this has mostly been done without a detailed critical analysis of his writings. Thus, it is considered here that it is first necessary to go back to his writings and to develop a very careful reading of them in order to be able to explore them in a second stage. As for the second, the main argument is that his archaeology has important contributions that are still missing by economists. The study is developed in two parts. The first part is dedicated to a meticulous reading of the The Archaeology of Knowledge and The Order of Things, ending up with an assessment. Part II develops an analysis of his contributions in three areas of research in economics: methodology of economics, historiography of economic thought, and studies on Adam Smith’s context. This analysis is considered itself an important contribution of this thesis. Chapter 3 situates Foucault’s perspective and system among other current interests in economic methodology, comprising basically three parts. First, it identifies one common fundamental question underlying some of these interests, that is, whether there is an underlying configuration in knowledge that permits us to think what we think in economics in a certain moment in time and space. It is argued that Foucault’s archaeology makes important contributions to this strand. Second, it compares his approach to the current interest in rhetorical studies in economics. Third, it gives special attention to the historiography of economic thought through the investigation of the interplay between the notion of the ‘episteme’ and the Kuhnian concept of ‘paradigm’. Chapter 4 explores and assesses his archaeology of political economy in The Order of Things and briefly indicates some of the important ideas provided by him in his lectures at the Collège de France in 1978-79, which give some hints for the possibility of investigating the current epistemic context underlying economics. The last chapter concentrates on Smith’s writings on language and rhetoric, the methodological conception underlying his writings, and the notion of invisible hand, according to Foucault’s system. This latter essentially shows the potentiality for his system to improve the level of consciousness of our past and emphasizes that it opens up a series of possibilities of further and interesting inquiries. The thesis concludes with an appraisal of Foucault’s contribution and additional issues for further enquiry.

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