Kollaborativa robotar är en ny typ av industrirobot som tillåter robot och personal att säkert arbeta sida vid sida. Denna typ av samarbete leder till att det kan skapas flexibla produktionsflöden som tar tillvara på både robotens och personalens styrkor. I en tid med produkter som får allt kortare livscykler och kunder som ställer högre krav på mer anpassningsbara produkter så kan kollaborativa robotar vara lösningen på dessa krav. Dessa användarvänliga och säkra robotar kan komma att få en allt större roll inom den moderna tillverkningsindustrin. Syftet med den här rapporten är att undersöka hur en implementering av en kollaborativ robot i en tillverkande industri lämpligtvis kan genomföras. Avsikten är att åstadkomma en lämplig analys som kan användas för framtida företag vilka står inför behovet av att integrera kollaborativa robotar i sin produktion. Det är även av intresse i den här rapporten att undersöka vilka effekter på produktivitet en implementering av en kollaborativ robot kan ha. Materialet som använts i rapporten kommer delvis från litteraturstudie men en stor del består av insamlade data från fallföretaget. Det består bland annat av en nulägesanalys av fallföretaget, tidsstudie av arbetsmoment och tidsstudie av en kollaborativ robot. Utifrån detta material har en metod med åtta steg för hur en implementering av en kollaborativ robot ska gå till framtagits. Det har också visats att genom att minska mängden manuellt arbete som behövs i produktionsflödet så kan en implementering av en kollaborativ robot få stor positiv påverkan på produktiviteten. På fallföretaget skulle en implementering av en kollaborativ robot på en av stationerna kunna förbättra arbetsproduktiviteten med 85%. / Collaborative robots are a new type of industrial robot that allows robot and production staff to safely work side by side. This type of collaboration leads to the creation of flexible production flows that utilize the strengths of both robots and people. In a time where products get ever shorter life cycles and customers who place higher demands on more customizable products is where collaborative robots can be the solution. These user-friendly and safe robots can play an increasingly important role in the manufacturing industry. The purpose of this report is to investigate how an implementation of a collaborative robot in a manufacturing industry can look like. The intention is to provide a suitable analysis that can be used for future companies that look to integrate collaborative robots into their production. It is also of interest in this report to investigate what effects on productivity a collaborative robot can have. The material used in the report comes partly from a literature study, but a large part consists of data collected from the case company. It consists of, among other things, a current situation analysis of the case company, time study of work steps and time study of a collaborative robot. Based on this material, an eight-step method for implementing a collaborative robot has been developed. It has also been shown that by reducing the amount of manual labor needed in the production flow, the implementation of a collaborative robot can have a great positive impact on productivity. At the case company, implementing a collaborative robot at one of the stations could improve work productivity by 85%.

Le développement d’une chimie propre et donc durable est un des challenges majeurs du 21ème siècle dans les pays industrialisés. Étant au cœur de nombreuses découvertes dans divers domaines scientifiques allant de la physique à la médecine, les sciences chimiques doivent jouer un rôle central pour résoudre un certain nombre de problèmes environnementaux auxquels nous devons faire face. Mon travail de thèse s’inscrit dans cette problématique par le développement de méthodologies de synthèse faisant intervenir plusieurs transformations dans le même réacteur. Nous avons notamment développé des séquences réactionnelles appelées HRC (pour Heck-Reduction-Cyclization, en anglais) prenant appui sur le caractère multi-tâche d’un catalyseur à base de palladium. Ces travaux nous ont permis de préparer une grande variété d’hétérocyles ou composés fonctionnalisés parmi lesquels nous pouvons citer les oxindoles, les indanones, ou encore les naphthoxindoles. Ces travaux ont donné lieu pour le moment à quatre publications dans des journaux à comité de lecture. / The development of clean chemistry and therefore sustainable is one of the major challenges of the 21st century in industrialized countries. Being in the heart of many discoveries in various scientific fields ranging from physics to medicine, the chemical sciences must play a central role in solving a number of environmental problems we face. My thesis work is part of this problem through the development of synthetic methodologies involving several transformations in the same reactor. We have developed the reaction sequences called HRC (for Heck-Reduction-cyclization) building on the multi-task of a palladium catalyst. This work allowed us to prepare a variety of functionalized heterocycles or compounds from which we can cite the oxindole, the indanones, or the naphthoxindoles. This work has resulted for the time four publications in peer-reviewed journals.

I och med att industri 4.0 är på frammarsch ställs höga krav på företag gällande bland annat kvalitet, flexibilitet samt snabba omställningstider. Examensarbetet skrivs för Högskolan i Skövde och Volvo GTO där fokus ligger på att identifiera möjliga människa-robot samarbeten i en manuell monteringslinje. Huvudmålet med examensarbetet är att ta fram en metod för att skapa en specifikation vid implementering av en virtuell människa-robot station. Hållbar utveckling har en central del i examensarbetet. Genom att reducera ergonomiskt belastande och stressrelaterade moment kan den sociala hållbarheten öka och i sin tur leda till mindre kassationer och kvalitetsavvikelser. Förutsättningarna som ligger till grund för arbetet analyseras och diskuteras där standardiserat arbetssätt är en central del. Fyra generella kollaborativa metoder beskrivs i arbetet samt färdigheter för en specifikt kollaborativ robot som fanns till förfogande under hela examensarbetet. Vid analyser av tidigare forskning belyses svårigheter gällande säkerheten vid implementeringen av en kollaborativ robot. En riskanalys av säkerheten rekommenderas att utföras när en layout och momentfördelningen mellan människa och robot är utformad. Genom att analysera och samla in data över befintliga stationer skall möjliga moment som en kollaborativ robot kan utföra identifieras. Analysen resulterade i att endast en station innehöll lämpliga moment, där av utfördes en momentanpassning på den stationen. Detta för att skapa en arbetssekvens där människa-robot samarbeten kan utföras. Fem moment identifierades för den kollaborativa roboten. Examensarbetet resulterade i två implementeringsförslag där skillnaden var stationens utformning. Skillnaden berörde en kåpans ursprungsplacering vilket kräver en förändring i den externa materialtillförseln. De nya arbetssekvenserna för de berörda varianterna reducerar människans arbetsbelastning då ergonomiskt belastande moment överförts till roboten. Den framtagna metoden för att skapa en specifikation är baserad på det genomförda examensarbetet där rekommendationer och metoder som är lämpliga att använda för ett liknande arbete är sammanställda. Vikten vid att skapa liknande grundförutsättningar för att tillämpa den framtagna metoden ligger i ett standardiserat arbetssätt. Som fortsatt arbete rekommenderas det att skapa en efterliknande station i en virtuell miljö där en riskanalys bör genomföras. Detta för att skapa en säker stationsmiljö. / As industry 4.0 is rising companies are obliged to work to increase their quality, flexibility and reduce their changeover time. The final year project is written for Högskolan I Skövde and Volvo GTO with focus to identify possible human-robot collaboration tasks in a manual assembly line. The main objective for the thesis is to developed a method for a specification for implementation of virtual collaboration station. A central point for the thesis is sustainable development. By reducing non ergonomically and stressful tasks, social sustainability can be increased which can lead to lead to less scrap and quality deviation. Presumptions for the thesis are analyzed and discussed where standardized work is a central and important part. Four general collaborations methods are mentioned. A specific collaborative robot where used and its proficiency analyzed during the work, a UR10e. Previous researched mentioned the safety issue related to implementation of a collaborative robot. A recommendation to properly ensure the safety is to perform a risk assessment when the work sequence and layout is generated. To identify potential tasks for the collaborative robot data related to the defined stations needs to be analyzed. The conclusion was that only one station included all the five identified potential tasks for the collaborative robot. This resulted in an adjustment of the work order for the selected station and thereby create a human robot collaboration. Two implementation suggestions where created and differed only in the location of a specific component. The new position for the component requires a reorganization of the material handling to the station. There are two categories of product variants and the new working sequences reduce the work load because tasks are performed by the robot. The generated method to create a specification is based on the work performed during the thesis. This method includes recommendation and methods which will facilitate similar projects. Standardize work is a key factor to create similar prerequisites. A recommendation for continual work is to create a virtual environment where a risk assessment can take place in order to generate a safe work environment.

The objective of this research is the statistical study of space weather e ects on im- age detectors in Low Earth Orbit. The Hubble Space Telescope is used as a resource for acquiring proton a ected images for statistical analysis. For the purpose of the present work, the space weather environment will consist of cosmic as well as solar proton particles. The proton occurrences evident in images from the Hubble Charge Coupled Device (CCD) have been used to calculate the probability of proton events, which is related to the local space weather particle ux. The proton particles transfer energy to the CCD silicon, which ultimately results in measured signal that is not originating from photon illumination. The signal due to the proton interactions is rst separated from the noise contribution and subsequently used in the determi- nation of a pulse height probability distribution. Separation of the noise from the proton events also leads to the measurement of proton streak lengths and orientations along with the associated probability distributions. The directionality of the space weather environment in Low Earth Orbit is examined using the distribution of proton streak angles. Statistics found from the Hubble are also used as a starting point for simulations that create synthetic proton signal images. The distributions resulting from the Hubble CCD analysis give the probability of the: number of proton events, which is related to the ux of the space weather protons; energy of proton events, which allows estimates of damaging proton interactions; length of proton streaks on the CCD, which shows the relative probability of a long traversing proton event; angle of proton event, which indicates the directionality of the space weather environment.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, 2016. / Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2016-09-26T19:26:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_RaízaRanadeSouzaLima.pdf: 2506581 bytes, checksum: 0b7d5783f9f394b738c03013b1f08268 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana(raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2016-11-08T12:49:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_RaízaRanadeSouzaLima.pdf: 2506581 bytes, checksum: 0b7d5783f9f394b738c03013b1f08268 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-08T12:49:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_RaízaRanadeSouzaLima.pdf: 2506581 bytes, checksum: 0b7d5783f9f394b738c03013b1f08268 (MD5) / A readmissão hospitalar (RH) é considerada um indicador da qualidade da assistência hospitalar e, indiretamente, da atenção primária. Alguns fatores podem favorecer as RH, como baixa qualidade dos cuidados assistenciais, alta precoce, falta de adesão do usuário e de seus familiares ao tratamento, idade, ausência de orientações específicas e de acompanhamento pós-alta, assim como condições socioeconômicas e culturais. Portanto, para um cuidado resolutivo, é necessário conhecer o perfil das internações e das RH, otimizando o planejamento e a implementação de estratégias. Para o levantamento das referidas questões, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o perfil de readmissões de crianças atendidas na pediatria do Hospital Regional de Ceilândia (HRC) nos meses de março, abril e maio de 2015. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo, com abordagem mista explanatória sequencial. Os dados secundários foram coletados no sistema Trakcare; já os primários, por meio de entrevistas, com os enfermeiros da pediatria e com os responsáveis por crianças readmitidas, em situação de internação. A análise dos dados quantitativos foi realizada por frequência simples e absoluta, e a relação entre as variáveis, pelo teste do qui-quadrado. O conteúdo das entrevistas foi analisado pela técnica de Bardin. No período de março a maio de 2015, foram admitidas 660 crianças; destas, 249 foram readmitidas. A taxa de readmissão do período foi de 37,7%. As crianças do sexo masculino e na faixa etária de lactentes foram a maior parte das readmitidas. Quanto à classificação de risco, houve predomínio das cores verde e laranja. As causas mais evidentes para as readmissões foram as doenças dos sistemas respiratório (49,9%), digestivo/infecciosas (10,6%), sintomas febris (8,5%) e nervoso (6,8%). Dez enfermeiros da pediatria participaram da pesquisa. Do conteúdo das entrevistas depreendeu-se que a unidade não possui uma rotina institucionalizada para a orientação da alta à criança e à sua família. Constatou-se que a estratégia utilizada nas orientações de alta é a comunicação verbal e estão relacionadas, principalmente, aos cuidados com a terapêutica medicamentosa e a data do retorno para avaliação. Os treze familiares das crianças readmitidas associaram as frequentes readmissões à evolução da patologia e à presença de condições crônicas. Os participantes reafirmaram que as orientações da equipe de enfermagem no momento da alta eram pontuais aos cuidados com a terapêutica medicamentosa ou aos dispositivos invasivos como sondas e traqueostomias, não havendo o enfoque quanto às orientações sobre os cuidados gerais relacionados às condições crônicas de saúde e a importância do acompanhamento da criança pós-alta. Pode-se dizer que os fatores associados à readmissão de crianças estão relacionados à faixa etária dos lactentes, com problemas respiratórios associados a condições crônicas, além da falta de efetividade no acompanhamento pós-alta. Assim, é pertinente refletir sobre o papel da equipe de enfermagem no planejamento de intervenções capazes de proporcionar a adaptação da criança e de seus familiares ao longo da hospitalização, no momento da alta e no pós-alta. A combinação de estratégias de orientações verbais e escritas pode auxiliar na compreensão da trajetória de adoecimento e adaptação, evitando as RH. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The hospital readmission (HR) is regarded as an indicator of the quality of hospital care and, indirectly, of primary care. Some factors may foster HR, such as low quality of supportive care, early discharge, lack of treatment adherence on the part of users and their families, age, absence of specific guidance and post-discharge follow-up, as well as socioeconomic and cultural conditions. Therefore, in order to perform a resolute care, one needs to know the profile of admissions and of HR, thereby enhancing the planning and the implementation of strategies. In order to raise the aforementioned questions, this study had the purpose of analyzing the profile of readmissions of children treated in the pediatric sector of the Regional Hospital in Ceilândia (HRC) in March, April and May 2015. This is an exploratory and descriptive study, with a mixed sequential explanatory approach. Secondary data were collected in the TrakCare system; and the primary data were obtained through interviews with the nurses who work in the pediatric sector and with those responsible for the readmitted children, in situation of admission. The analysis of the quantitative data was held by means of simple and absolute frequency, and the relationship between the variables took place through the chi-square test. The content of the interviews was analyzed through the Bardin’s technique. In the period from March to May 2015, 660 children were admitted; of these, 249 were readmitted. The readmission rate of the period was 37.7%. Male children and in the age of infants were the largest part of the readmitted. Concerning the risk classification, there was a predominance of the green and orange colors. The most prominent causes for the readmissions were the respiratory system diseases (49.9%), digestive/infectious diseases (10.6%), febrile symptoms (8.5%) and nervous diseases (6.8%). This research had the participation of ten nurses from the pediatric sector. From the content of the interviews, it can be surmised that the unit does not have an institutionalized routine for the guidance of the discharge for children and their families. It was found that the strategy used in the guidance of discharge is the verbal communication, where the messages are mainly related to the care in relation to the drug therapy and the return date for assessment. The thirteen relatives of the readmitted children have associated the frequent readmissions to the evolution of the pathology and the presence of chronic conditions. Participants reaffirmed that the guidance of the nursing team at the moment of discharge were specific to the care in relation to the drug therapy or to invasive devices, such as probes and tracheostomies, without a focus on the guidance on the general care related to the chronic health conditions and the importance of following-up the child after the hospital discharge. One can say that the factors associated with the readmission of children are related to the age group of infants, with respiratory problems associated with chronic conditions, besides the lack of effectiveness in the post-discharge follow-up. Accordingly, it is relevant to reflect about the role of the nursing team in the planning of interventions capable of providing the adaptation of children and their families over the period of admission, at the moment of discharge and in the post-discharge. The combination of guidance of verbal and written strategies can help us to understand the trajectory of illness and adaptation, thereby avoiding HR. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ RESUMEN / La readmisión hospitalaria (RH) puede ser considerada como un indicador de la calidad de la atención hospitalaria e, indirectamente, de la atención primaria. Algunos factores pueden favorecer las RH, como baja calidad de los cuidados asistenciales, alta precoz, falta de adhesión al tratamiento por parte de los usuarios y sus familiares, edad, ausencia de orientaciones específicas y de seguimiento después del alta, así como las condiciones socioeconómicas y culturales. Por lo tanto, para una atención resolutiva, se hace necesario conocer el perfil de las internaciones y de las RH, optimizando el planeamiento y la implementación de estrategias. Para el levantamiento de dichas cuestiones, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar el perfil de las readmisiones de niños atendidos en la pediatría del Hospital Regional de Ceilândia (HRC) en marzo, abril y mayo de 2015. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio y descriptivo, con planteamiento mixto explicativo secuencial. Los datos secundarios fueron recogidos en el sistema TrakCare; y los primarios mediante entrevistas con los enfermeros de la pediatría y con los responsables de los niños readmitidos, en situación de internación. El análisis de los datos cuantitativos fue efectuado por medio de frecuencia simple y absoluta, y la relación entre las variables mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado. El contenido de las entrevistas fue analizado a través de la técnica de Bardin. En el transcurso del período comprendido entre marzo y mayo de 2015, 660 niños fueron admitidos; de estos, 249 fueron readmitidos. La tasa de readmisión fue del 37,7%. Los niños del sexo masculino y en la franja de edad de lactantes correspondieron a la mayor parte de las readmisiones. En cuanto a la clasificación de riesgo, hubo un predominio de los colores verde y naranja. Las causas más evidentes para las readmisiones fueron las enfermedades del sistema respiratorio (49,9%), enfermedades digestivas/infecciosas (10,6%), síntomas febriles (8,5%) y enfermedades nerviosas (6,8%). Diez enfermeros de la pediatría participaron en esta investigación. A partir del contenido de las entrevistas, se dedujo que la unidad no tiene una rutina institucionalizada para la orientación del alta al niño y su familia. Se constató que la estrategia utilizada en las orientaciones del alta es la comunicación verbal, principalmente relacionadas con los cuidados con la terapéutica de medicamentos y la fecha de regreso para evaluación. Los trece parientes de los niños readmitidos han asociado las frecuentes readmisiones a la evolución de la patología y a la presencia de condiciones crónicas. Los participantes reafirmaron que las orientaciones del equipo de enfermería en el momento del alta eran dirigidas a los cuidados con la terapéutica de medicamentos o a los dispositivos invasivos, tales como sondas y traqueotomías, sin un enfoque en cuanto a las orientaciones sobre los cuidados generales relacionados con las condiciones crónicas de salud y la importancia del seguimiento del niño después del alta. Se puede decir que los factores asociados a la readmisión de los niños están relacionados con la franja de edad de los lactantes, con problemas respiratorios asociados a las condiciones crónicas, además de la falta de efectividad en el seguimiento después del alta. Así, es pertinente reflexionar sobre el rol del equipo de enfermería en el planeamiento de intervenciones capaces de proporcionar la adaptación del niño y de sus familiares a lo largo de la hospitalización, en el momento del alta y después del alta. La combinación de estrategias de orientaciones verbales y escritas puede ayudar en la comprensión de la trayectoria de enfermedad y adaptación, eludiendo la RH.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação, Mestrado em Educação, 2014. / Submitted by Ana Cristina Barbosa da Silva (annabds@hotmail.com) on 2014-10-29T15:41:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_MariadasNevesSilva.pdf: 1496533 bytes, checksum: 5bb71b9895a8a7ffc76264742b39fa1c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana(raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2014-10-29T19:35:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_MariadasNevesSilva.pdf: 1496533 bytes, checksum: 5bb71b9895a8a7ffc76264742b39fa1c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-29T19:35:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_MariadasNevesSilva.pdf: 1496533 bytes, checksum: 5bb71b9895a8a7ffc76264742b39fa1c (MD5) / Este trabalho apresenta resultado de pesquisa de mestrado intitulado “As tecnologias como apoio à mediação pedagógica na classe hospitalar: desafios e possibilidades no ensino multisseriado”. O fio condutor das discussões está permeado por referenciais teóricos que abordam a educação inclusiva e tecnológica no contexto das transformações epistemológicas da contemporaneidade pautadas principalmente em ideias desenvolvidas por Ceccim e Fonseca (1999); Fonseca (1998, 2003); Matos e Muggiati (2001, 2006); Morin (1999a, 1999b, 2011); Moraes (1997); Souza e Silva (2012); Medrado (2012); Vygotsky (1988, 1991); Wallon (1968); Valente (1999); Masetto (2000); Raiça (2008); Franco (2005); Tripp (2005). O objetivo foi investigar o uso das novas tecnologias no apoio à mediação pedagógica na classe hospitalar do Hospital Regional de Ceilândia (HRC), pertencente à rede pública de saúde do Distrito Federal (DF). Como metodologia de pesquisa optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa do tipo pesquisa-ação organizada em quatro etapas: levantamento preliminar, planejamento da ação educativa, implementação do plano de ação e avaliação dos efeitos da ação educativa. Para levantamento das informações foram realizadas observações da ação pedagógica mediada pelas novas tecnologias, entrevistas com estudantes, acompanhantes e com a professora responsável pelo atendimento pedagógico no hospital. De acordo com análise das informações coletadas, o uso das novas tecnologias no apoio à mediação pedagógica na classe hospitalar pode favorecer a individualização do atendimento educativo em contexto multisseriado, facilitando a adequação curricular. As tecnologias destacaram-se como recursos de acessibilidade, minimizando ou mesmo superando as barreiras provocadas pela mobilidade reduzida ou pelo comprometimento da coordenação motora fina dos estudantes em hospitalização. Proporcionaram ainda uma aprendizagem lúdica, divertida e prazerosa resgatando o universo infanto-juvenil na pediatria, que deixou de ser apenas um lugar de procedimentos clínicos e cirúrgicos para ser também um espaço de inclusão tecnológica e digital, aquisição de conhecimentos, construções afetivas, socialização e da alegria de viver. No HRC evidenciou-se que um novo olhar está sendo construído sobre a noção do sujeito-educando no ambiente hospitalar, e que os profissionais que atendem às crianças enfermas estão condicionando a sua escuta e o seu olhar transdisciplinarmente em múltiplas direções, valorizando o pensamento complexo no atendimento ao homo complexus. __________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / This work presents the result of master research entitled " Technologies such as support forpedagogical mediation in the hospital class : challenges and opportunities in teachingmultisseriado ." The thread conductor of discussion is permeated by theoretical frameworksthat address inclusive education and technological in the context of epistemologicaltransformations of postmodernity guided by ideas developed by Ceccim and Fonseca ( 1999),Fonseca (1998 , 2003 ) ; Matos and Muggiati ( 2001, 2006 ), Morin ( 1999a , 1999b , 2011) ;Moraes (1997 ) ; Souza e Silva (2012 ) ; Medrado (2012 ), Vygotsky ( 1988, 1991 ) ; Wallon(1968 ) ; Valente (1999 ) ; Masetto (2000 ) ; Raica (2008 ), Franco ( 2005), Tripp (2005 ) .The objective was to investigate the use of new technologies in support of pedagogicalmediation in the hospital class of the Regional Hospital of Ceilândia ( HRC ) , belonging tothe public health system of the Federal District ( DF ) . Was chosen as a researchmethodology the action-research organized in four stages:preliminary survey , planning ofpedagogical action, implementation of the action plan and evaluation of the effects of theaction. For to gathering information were performed observation of pedagogical actionmediated by new technologies , interviews with students , family and with the teacherresponsible for pedagogic assistance in hospital class. According to analysis of informationcollected , the use of new technologies in support of pedagogical mediation in hospital classcan facilitate individualization educational service in multisseriado context, facilitating thecurriculum adaptation . The technologies stand out as accessibility features, minimizing oreven overcoming the barriers caused by reduced mobility or the impairment of fine motorskills of students in hospitalization . Assures a playful learning, fun and pleasurable learningrescuing the juvenile infant universe in pediatrics, it is no longer a place just for medical andsurgical procedures to be a space also of technological inclusion e digital , knowledgeacquisition, affective constructs , socialization and of joy living. In HRC it became evidentthat a new look is being built on the notion of the subject - student in the hospital , and theprofessionals who serve the sick children are conditioned on your listening and yourtransdisciplinary look in multiple directions , valuing complex thinking in service complexushomo.

This thesis seeks to understand how collective identity is formed in the comment section on Twitter. A comparison between the Nordic Resistance Movement (Nordiska Motståndsrörelsen) and Human Rights Campaign has been made with social antagonism as a starting point. The Nordic Resistance Movement is a Swedish organization with Nazi values and Human Rights Campaign is an American organization fighting for equal rights for LGBTQ-people. social antagonism states that collective identity is created when an antagonistic relationship exists. The thesis aims to answer the research question; how are collective identities, for the Nordic Resistance Movement and Human Rights Campaign, created in the comment section on Twitter? This question is answered using Social antagonism theory and Social Movement Theory as a theoretical framework. 1000 comments from each groups comment section has been collected and analysed with thematic content analysis. The study showed that collective identity is strengthened by the fact that there is an antagonistic relationship. We found that the collective identity of each group fought back whenever someone made a negative comment towards their beliefs. It also showed that the collective identity, of the followers and members in the comment section, doesn’t necessarily correlate with the identity of the organization. This study will help further the research on collective identity and how people are affected when joining a movement. It will hopefully inspire further research within social antagonism, collective identity and social movements.

Background: For several decades companies have had their focus on automation and to make the processes more effective. Today's companies are thinking about how to streamline and automate processes with upcoming new technology. A new way to automate processes is to use automation in combination with employees, this can be done with the help of HRC. At the moment HRC is something that Scania CV AB would like to have in order to be able to automate and improve its working methods. Scania CV AB want to investigate how HRC can be used most effectively as a step in their automation and digitization roadmap. Research questions: 1. What are the advantages, limitations and requirements for human robot collaboration to be able to be implemented in line feeding in the automotive industry's assembly process? 2. In which activity at Scania CV AB Oskarshamn truck cab assembly factory in line feeding could human robot collaboration be implemented and why? 3. What can an implementation process look like for human robot collaboration in the selected activity at Scania Oskarshamn's truck cab assembly factory? Purpose: The purpose of the work has been to discuss the advantages limitations and requirements of implementing human robot collaboration in line feeding in the automotive industry. Furthermore, a decision basis has been produced in the work to implement human robot collaboration as a step in that Scania CV AB wants to automate and improve its working methods. With the help of the decision basis, a suitable activity has emerged. An implementation model has been created for the selected activity at Scania CV AB Oskarshamn.  Implementation: This work is a case study at Scania CV AB in Oskarshamn. The authors have used goal-directed selection and snowball selection where semi-structured and unstructured interviews have been conducted. The work has used the deductive approach and used the qualitative research as method Conclusion: In this case study, three research questions have been analyzed. The first research question is aimed at the entire automotive industry, while the other two are aimed at Scania CV AB, however, all three research questions can provide value to stakeholders both internally at Scania CV AB and externally. The first research question has discussed the advantages, limitations and requirements for implementing HRC. Furthermore, in connection with the work’s second research question, a decision basis has been produced for the classification of suitable articles to be handled by HRC. Finally, the third research question has led to the development of an implementation model for activity for the selected article. Contributions/value: This work has contributed to both theoretical and contributions in the form of the authors having developed an implementation model that can be used by both Scania CV AB and other companies in the automotive industry. It also contributes by giving stakeholders a broader perspective, including benefits, limitations and requirements that should be borne in mind when implementing HRC.

The assembly process in Volvo Construction Equipment, in Braås, is fully hand-operated. The aim of this Master thesis project is to develop and evaluate different concepts of how the automation level could be increased. This study aims to find reliable technology/automation solutions that could be used in one or more operations in the assembly process and identify the benefits for Volvo Construction Equipment. The work will end up in concepts and recommendations on what areas of the assembly process would be most beneficial to automate first. Conversations, observations, and interviews took place in the assembly department to help in the selection of the station in which automation can be most easily introduced. Automated procedures at this station will have advantages since they will include robots. The robot can take over some of the assembly procedures, while the worker can be occupied with others. From an ergonomic perspective, these procedures will be improved; thus, the efficiency and the quality will be better, and this will be achieved because the human will focus on procedures where creativity and human hands are needed, and the robot will take over the most un-ergonomic and difficult operations.

A close collaboration between humans and robots is one approach to achieve flexible production flows and a high degree of automation at the same time. In human-robot collaboration, both entities work alongside each other in a fenceless, shared environment. These workstations combine human flexibility, tactile sense and intelligence with robotic speed, endurance, and accuracy. This leads to improved ergonomic working conditions for the operator, better quality and higher efficiency. However, the widespread adoption of human-robot collaboration is limited by the current safety legislation. Robots are powerful machines and without spatial separation to the operator the risks drastically increase. The technical specification ISO/TS 15066 serves as a guideline for collaborative operations and supplements the international standard ISO 10218 for industrial robots. Because ISO/TS 15066 represents the first draft for a coming standard, companies have to gain knowledge in applying ISO/TS 15066. Currently, the guideline prohibits a collision with the head in transient contact. In this thesis work, a safety system is designed which is in compliance with ISO/TS 15066 and where certified safety technologies are used. Four theoretical safety system designs with a laser scanner as a presence sensing device and a collaborative robot, the KUKA lbr iiwa, are proposed. The system either stops the robot motion, reduces the robot’s speed and then triggers a stop or only activates a stop after a collision between the robot and the human occurred. In system 3 the size of the stop zone is decreased by combining the speed and separation monitoring principle with the power- and force-limiting safeguarding mode. The safety zones are static and are calculated according to the protective separation distance in ISO/TS 15066. A risk assessment is performed to reduce all risks to an acceptable level and lead to the final safety system design after three iterations. As a proof of concept the final safety system design is implemented for a demonstrator in a laboratory environment at Scania. With a feasibility study, the implementation differences between theory and praxis for the four proposed designs are identified and a feasible safety system behavior is developed. The robot reaction is realized through the safety configuration of the robot. There three ESM states are defined to use the internal safety functions of the robot and to integrate the laser scanner signal. The laser scanner is connected as a digital input to the discrete safety interface of the robot controller. To sum up, this thesis work describes the safety system design with all implementation details. / Ett nära samarbete mellan människor och robotar är ett sätt att uppnå flexibla produktionsflöden och en hög grad av automatisering samtidigt. I människa-robotsamarbeten arbetar båda enheterna tillsammans med varandra i en gemensam miljö utan skyddsstaket. Dessa arbetsstationer kombinerar mänsklig flexibilitet, taktil känsla och intelligens med robothastighet, uthållighet och noggrannhet. Detta leder till förbättrade ergonomiska arbetsförhållanden för operatören, bättre kvalitet och högre effektivitet. Det breda antagandet av människarobotsamarbeten är emellertid begränsat av den nuvarande säkerhetslagstiftningen. Robotar är kraftfulla maskiner och utan rymdseparation till operatören riskerna drastiskt ökar. Den tekniska specifikationen ISO / TS 15066 fungerar som riktlinje för samverkan och kompletterar den internationella standarden ISO 10218 för industrirobotar. Eftersom ISO / TS 15066 representerar det första utkastet för en kommande standard, måste företagen få kunskap om att tillämpa ISO / TS 15066. För närvarande förbjuder riktlinjen en kollision med huvudet i övergående kontakt. I detta avhandlingar är ett säkerhetssystem utformat som överensstämmer med ISO / TS 15066 och där certifierad säkerhetsteknik används. Fyra teoretiska säkerhetssystemdesigner med en laserskanner som närvarosensor och en samarbetsrobot, KUKA lbr iiwa, föreslås. Systemet stoppar antingen robotrörelsen, reducerar robotens hastighet och triggar sedan ett stopp eller aktiverar bara ett stopp efter en kollision mellan roboten och människan inträffade. I system 3 minskas storleken på stoppzonen genom att kombinera hastighets- och separationsövervakningsprincipen med det kraft- och kraftbegränsande skyddsläget. Säkerhetszoner är statiska och beräknas enligt skyddsavståndet i ISO / TS 15066. En riskbedömning görs för att minska alla risker till en acceptabel nivå och leda till den slutliga säkerhetssystemdesignen efter tre iterationer. Som ett bevis på konceptet är den slutliga säkerhetssystemdesignen implementerad för en demonstrant i en laboratoriemiljö hos Scania. Genom en genomförbarhetsstudie identifieras implementeringsskillnaderna mellan teori och praxis för de fyra föreslagna mönster och ett genomförbart säkerhetssystem beteende utvecklas. Robotreaktionen realiseras genom robotens säkerhetskonfiguration. Där definieras tre ESM-tillstånd för att använda robotens interna säkerhetsfunktioner och för att integrera laserscannersignalen. Laserskannern är ansluten som en digital ingång till robotkontrollens diskreta säkerhetsgränssnitt. Sammanfattningsvis beskriver detta avhandlingar säkerhetssystemdesignen med alla implementeringsdetaljer.