No description available.

No description available.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Os hormônios tireoidianos (HT) executam um papel lipolítico importante no Tecido Adiposo Branco (TAB), sendo este efeito mediado por meio do aumento da expressão de receptores beta adrenérgicos na membrana do adipócito, o que aumenta a sensibilidade deste tecido as catecolaminas. Sabe-se que os principais efetores da ação lipolítica nesse tecido são a lipase hormônio sensível (LHS) e a lipase dos triglicerídeos dos adipócitos (ATGL), as quais hidrolisam os triglicerídeos em ácidos graxos e glicerol. Além disso, outros componentes estão envolvidos na atividade lipolítica, como as perilipinas, proteínas estas que envolvem a gota de gordura, formando uma barreira contra a ação da LHS e ATGL, de modo que precisam ser fosforiladas para que a LHS e ATGL possam exercer seu efeito lipolítico. Considerando: (a) a importância do tecido adiposo na homeostase energética e como fonte de citocinas, as quais estão relacionadas com a sensibilidade tecidual à insulina; (b) que a função e o metabolismo do tecido adiposo variam com a sua distribuição regional, e (c) que as ações lipolíticas dos HT, importantes reguladores da homeostase energética, têm sido muito pouco exploradas, pretendemos investigar, em ratos, (i) se os HT interferem na expressão da LHS, ATGL, perilipina A e dos receptores beta3 adrenérgicos no tecido adiposo branco, e (ii) se essas ações diferem nos distintos depósitos de gordura, o que poderia ampliar o campo de conhecimento sobre os efeitos lipolíticos destes hormônios e a nossa compreensão sobre a contribuição deles nas complicações associadas à obesidade e suas co-morbidades. / Thyroid hormones (TH) play an important lipolytic role in white adipose tissue (WAT). This effect is mediated by increased expression of beta-adrenergic receptors on adipocytes membrane, which increases the sensitivity of that tissue to catecholamines. It is known that the main effectors of the lipolytic action in WAT enzymatic activity, especially: hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), which hydrolyze triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol. In addition, other components are involved in the lipolytic activity, such as perilipin. These proteins support the fat droplet, forming a protective barrier against HSL and ATGL action. Considering: (a) the importance of adipose tissue in energy homeostasis and as a source of cytokines which are related to insulin tissue sensitivity; (b) function and metabolism of adipose tissue vary with their regional distribution; and (c) lipolytic actions of HT, important regulators of energy homeostasis, have been little explored, we investigated in rats with hypothyroidism and submitted to T3 treatment: (i) TH effects on the expression of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL),perilipin A and beta-3 adrenergic receptors in WAT, and (ii) if this action are different on subcutaneous and visceral fat depot. This study has increased our understanding about the contribution of these hormones on WAT metabolism and metabolic disease as obesity.

Os hormônios tireoidianos (HT) executam um papel lipolítico importante no Tecido Adiposo Branco (TAB), sendo este efeito mediado por meio do aumento da expressão de receptores beta adrenérgicos na membrana do adipócito, o que aumenta a sensibilidade deste tecido as catecolaminas. Sabe-se que os principais efetores da ação lipolítica nesse tecido são a lipase hormônio sensível (LHS) e a lipase dos triglicerídeos dos adipócitos (ATGL), as quais hidrolisam os triglicerídeos em ácidos graxos e glicerol. Além disso, outros componentes estão envolvidos na atividade lipolítica, como as perilipinas, proteínas estas que envolvem a gota de gordura, formando uma barreira contra a ação da LHS e ATGL, de modo que precisam ser fosforiladas para que a LHS e ATGL possam exercer seu efeito lipolítico. Considerando: (a) a importância do tecido adiposo na homeostase energética e como fonte de citocinas, as quais estão relacionadas com a sensibilidade tecidual à insulina; (b) que a função e o metabolismo do tecido adiposo variam com a sua distribuição regional, e (c) que as ações lipolíticas dos HT, importantes reguladores da homeostase energética, têm sido muito pouco exploradas, pretendemos investigar, em ratos, (i) se os HT interferem na expressão da LHS, ATGL, perilipina A e dos receptores beta3 adrenérgicos no tecido adiposo branco, e (ii) se essas ações diferem nos distintos depósitos de gordura, o que poderia ampliar o campo de conhecimento sobre os efeitos lipolíticos destes hormônios e a nossa compreensão sobre a contribuição deles nas complicações associadas à obesidade e suas co-morbidades. / Thyroid hormones (TH) play an important lipolytic role in white adipose tissue (WAT). This effect is mediated by increased expression of beta-adrenergic receptors on adipocytes membrane, which increases the sensitivity of that tissue to catecholamines. It is known that the main effectors of the lipolytic action in WAT enzymatic activity, especially: hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), which hydrolyze triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol. In addition, other components are involved in the lipolytic activity, such as perilipin. These proteins support the fat droplet, forming a protective barrier against HSL and ATGL action. Considering: (a) the importance of adipose tissue in energy homeostasis and as a source of cytokines which are related to insulin tissue sensitivity; (b) function and metabolism of adipose tissue vary with their regional distribution; and (c) lipolytic actions of HT, important regulators of energy homeostasis, have been little explored, we investigated in rats with hypothyroidism and submitted to T3 treatment: (i) TH effects on the expression of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL),perilipin A and beta-3 adrenergic receptors in WAT, and (ii) if this action are different on subcutaneous and visceral fat depot. This study has increased our understanding about the contribution of these hormones on WAT metabolism and metabolic disease as obesity.

Les travaux décrits portent sur des matériaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques présentant des propriétés magnétiques, de formule générale Mx(OH)2x-ny(Xn-)y (avec M(II) = Co, Cu, Zn, X= phtalocyanines métallées tétrasulfonate, MPc). Deux objectifs distincts ont guidé cette thèse : coupler la conductivité de la MPc au magnétisme des plans, d'une part, et déterminer expérimentalement, d'autre part, les couplages entre plans de Co conduisant à la mise en ordre autour de 6 K. Des étapes préliminaires de synthèse originale ont été nécessaires concernant la LiPc tétrasulfonate et des HSL de Zn. Ni la synthèse de la LiPc tétrasulfonate, ni les essais de dopage des MPc n'ont été suffisamment concluant pour pouvoir bénéficier des conductivités des MPc dans l'hybride associé. Les mesures magnétiques réalisées par SQUID ont montré que les HSL à base de feuillets de Cu sont antiferromagnétique sans mise en ordre. Ceux dont les feuillets sont constitués de Co s'ordonnent ferrimagnétiquement autour de 6 K quelle que soit la nature de Pc insérée, prouvant qu'il n'y a pas d'échange magnétique entre les feuillets,et que seule l’ interaction dipolaire est responsable de la mise en ordre. La CuPc insérée a joué le rôle de sonde paramagnétique et a permis, grâce à des mesures par RPE en bande X et en bande Q, d'estimer la valeur du champ dipolaire à 30 mT. Ces études valident le modèle théorique proposé par M. Drillon et al. Des études ont été réalisées sur CoPc insérées. qui sont majoritairement muettes en RPE du fait de leur agrégation et ne constituent pas de bonnes sondes RPE. Les HSL MCoPc montrent un pouvoir de réduction de l'O2. / This PhD work focus on hybrid layered organic-inorganic materials, with general formulation Mx(OH)2x-ny(Xn-)y (M(II)=Co, Cu; X- = metal phthalocyanine sulfate MPcTs). Two leading ideas founded this PhD work: i) the investigation of the possible interplay between the magnetic properties of the LSH hosts and possible charge transport through phthalocyanine guests ii) the experimental evidence of the underlying mechanism for magnetic ordering in LSH. Synthesis of new molecules was required, as LiPcTs and Zn LSH. The yield of the synthesis of LiPcTs was not high to allow for subsequent insertion. The next route under investigation considered the anions and cations issued from the reduction and oxidation of CuPc and CoPc. Those revealed much too instable to be inserted into lamellar hosts. The investigations of the magnetic properties by SQUID magnetometry showed that all copper hydroxide-based compounds behave similarly, presenting an overall antiferromagnetic behaviour without magnetic ordering. The cobalt HSL compound presents a ferrimagnetic ordering around 6K, whatever the nature of the metal phthalocyanine. This points to the solely dipolar interactions between the inorganic layers. Using the inserted CuPc as a fine paramagnetic probe, X-band and Q-band EPR spectroscopy allowed to assess the amplitude of the dipolar field Bdipolar≈30mT. These measurements validate the theoretical model of M. Drillon and al on the role of dipolar interactions in layered ferromagnets. The formation of EPR silent aggregates of inserted CoPc discards it as a suitable probe for similar experiments. Preliminary results show that these hybrids catalyze the reduction of O2.

No description available.

The goal of this thesis is the utilization of computer vision methods, in a way that will lead to detection and identification of traffic signs in an image. The final application is to analyze video feed from a video camcorder placed in a vehicle. With focus placed on effective utilization of computer resources in order to achieve real time identification of signs in a video stream.

Improving color matching skills requires a specifically designed interface as much as well-calculated feedback on the underlying color model. This thesis relates to the production of a game for learning HSL and elaborates on learning patterns with regard to hue and game progression. A quantification of learning based on performance variation is proposed. In an effort to balance data quantity and relevance, several variables of pure analysis interest are defined. Results on learning inhomogeneities are presented through Hue Learning Curves with streamgraphs and detailed bar charts. The consequences of design choices and gameplay on performance and learning are discussed.

High Speed Lines (HSL) in rail passenger services are regarded as one of the most significant projects in many countries comparing to other projects in the transportation area. According to the EU (European Council Directive 96/48/EC,2004) , high-speed lines are either new-built lines for speeds of 250km/h or greater, or in some cases upgraded traditional lines. At the beginning of 2008, there were 10,000 km of new HSL lines in operation, and by taking into account the upgraded conventional lines, in total, there were 20,000 km line in the world. The network is growing fast because of the demand for short travelling time and comfort isincreasing rapidly. Since HSL projects require a lot of capital, it is getting more important for governments and companies to estimate and to calculate the total costs and benefits of building, maintaining, and operating of HSL so that they can decide better and more reliable in choosing between projects. There are many parameters which affect the total costs and benefits of an HSL. The most important parameter is dimensional speed which has a great influence on other parameters. For example, tunnels need larger cross section for higher speed which increases construction costs. More important, higher speed also influences the number of passengers attracted from other modes of transport. Due to a large number of speed-dependant parameters, it is not a simple task to estimate an optimal dimensional speed by calculating the costs and benefits of an HSL manually. It is also difficult to do analysis for different speeds, as speed changes many other relevant parameters. As a matter of fact, there is a need for a computational model to calculate the cost-benefit for different speeds. Based on the computational model, it is possible to define different scenarios and compare them to each other to see what the potentially optimal speed would be for a new HSL project. Besides the optimal speed, it is also possible to analyze and find effects of two other important parameters, fare and frequency, by cost-benefit analysis (CBA). The probability model used in the calculation is based on an elasticity model, and input parameters are subject to flexibility to calibrate the model appropriately. Optimal high-speed line (OHSL) tool is developed to make the model accessible for the users.