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智慧型手機時代來臨後，華人手機品牌廠有如雨後春筍般的冒出。本篇論文以小米、華為、宏達電作為個案研究對象，研究目的在於了解三間個案企業是如何在競爭激烈的全球市場中生存下來。關於研究發現，詳述如下： 小米是一家軟體導向的企業，採用互聯網行銷的方式，將銷售對象集中在網路顧客群，避開了屬於一級戰場的實體通路。最初在網路上建立口碑，待產品推出後，運用高性價比的特點吸引顧客，接著採用「饑渴行銷」的策略，以限量的方式去刺激顧客的購買欲望。然而，小米不靠販賣硬體獲利，主要的收入來源在於內容服務、應用程式、遊戲。 華為是一家硬體導向的企業，以販賣電信設備為主要經營業務。2009年進入到智慧型手機業務後，以「機海戰術」為領導方針，在不同價格區間都可以看到華為品牌的手機款式。2013年，施展雙品牌策略，「華為」和「榮耀」分家，主打高階手機P系列、D系列、Mate系列為華為品牌；主打中低階及網路市場為榮耀品牌。此外，華為旗下子公司海思擁有晶片自製技術，垂直整合能力在未來將會是華為角逐通訊市場的最大優勢。 宏達電是一家硬體導向的企業，屬於早期投入到智慧型手機業務的華人品牌廠，在歐美國家中具有一定的知名度。2011年曾經高居全球前五大智慧型手機品牌，競爭優勢在於工業設計及軟硬體整合，不管是手機的立體音效、鏡頭、金屬機殼都有自己的風格。雖然，在2012年第四季退出全球前十大智慧型手機品牌廠，但卻是台灣少數能夠走出國際的品牌大廠之一。 三間個案公司的競爭策略及商業模式各不相同，但卻讓世界看到了華人不是只有代工，也有能力在品牌和市場行銷做出令人印象深刻的成績。

無 / Purpose – The fast growth and global success of China’s ICT industry suggests the presence of national competitive advantages. The purpose of this study is to examine these competitive advantages and draw conclusions about their influence on company performance using the case of Huawei. Design/methodology/approach – Using the Porter Diamond Theory of National Advantage the study analyses the development of China’s telecommunication equipment industry and existing competitive advantages. Using the case of Huawei, the author explores the impact of Porter’s determinants on the company’s growth and global success. Findings – The study finds that China’s telecom equipment industry leveraged basic factors such as a large pool of low-cost labor while gradually developing more sustainable advantages. The Chinese government played a major role in driving initial demand for telecom equipment and facilitating the development of China’s ICT sector by opening its market to foreign investment and promoting innovation. Although the national competitive advantages elaborated in this study certainly helped the industry to excel, Huawei’s global success is also tied to its early decision to focus on R&D instead of relying on foreign technology. The additional support Huawei received from Beijing, particularly after being selected as a national champion, helped it in numerous ways but might hinder Huawei’s growth due to an increased negative image, particularly in the United States. Research implications – This research adds to the body of literature on the creation of national competitive advantages and their influence on the development and success of domestic industries.

Cette thèse porte sur le rôle des capacités dynamiques dans le processus d’internationalisation des entreprises chinoises depuis l’entrée de la Chine dans l’Organisation mondiale du commerce en 2001 alors que ces entreprises ne disposaient pas d’avantages concurrentiels préalables clairs par rapport à leurs concurrents occidentaux. L’étude de trois multinationales chinoises – Haier Group, Huawei Technologies et TCL Corporation – est menée dans le cadre théorique des capacités dynamiques (Dynamic Capability View - DCV). Elle vise à identifier la nature et les fondations des capacités dynamiques développées par ces entreprises au cours de leur processus d’internationalisation. Ce processus est caractérisé par la combinaison d'un investissement très significatif en innovation technologique et d’une internationalisation accélérée contribuant conjointement à la création d’un avantage concurrentiel durable. Ces deux dimensions de la stratégie des entreprises bénéficient d'un fort soutien du gouvernement chinois. / This thesis focuses on the role of dynamic capabilities in the internationalization process of Chinese corporations since China’s entry into the World Trade Organization in 2001, even though these companies did not have a clear prior competitive advantage over their Western competitors. The study of three Chinese multinational enterprises – the Haier Group, Huawei Technologies and TCL Corporation – is conducted in the framework of the Dynamic-Capability View (DCV). It aims at identifying the nature and the foundations of the dynamic capabilities developed by these corporations during the internationalization process.This process is characterized by the combination of a significant investment in technological innovation and an accelerated internationalization, jointly contributing to creating and sustaining of competitive advantage. These two elements of the corporate strategies benefit from the strong support of the Chinese government.

Cette thèse porte sur le rôle des capacités dynamiques dans le processus d’internationalisation des entreprises chinoises depuis l’entrée de la Chine dans l’Organisation mondiale du commerce en 2001 alors que ces entreprises ne disposaient pas d’avantages concurrentiels préalables clairs par rapport à leurs concurrents occidentaux. L’étude de trois multinationales chinoises – Haier Group, Huawei Technologies et TCL Corporation – est menée dans le cadre théorique des capacités dynamiques (Dynamic Capability View - DCV). Elle vise à identifier la nature et les fondations des capacités dynamiques développées par ces entreprises au cours de leur processus d’internationalisation. Ce processus est caractérisé par la combinaison d'un investissement très significatif en innovation technologique et d’une internationalisation accélérée contribuant conjointement à la création d’un avantage concurrentiel durable. Ces deux dimensions de la stratégie des entreprises bénéficient d'un fort soutien du gouvernement chinois. / This thesis focuses on the role of dynamic capabilities in the internationalization process of Chinese corporations since China’s entry into the World Trade Organization in 2001, even though these companies did not have a clear prior competitive advantage over their Western competitors. The study of three Chinese multinational enterprises – the Haier Group, Huawei Technologies and TCL Corporation – is conducted in the framework of the Dynamic-Capability View (DCV). It aims at identifying the nature and the foundations of the dynamic capabilities developed by these corporations during the internationalization process.This process is characterized by the combination of a significant investment in technological innovation and an accelerated internationalization, jointly contributing to creating and sustaining of competitive advantage. These two elements of the corporate strategies benefit from the strong support of the Chinese government.

The arrest of Meng Wanzhou and the Huawei prosecution have revealed a mounting battle for high-tech supremacy between the United States and China. The ongoing technology war and the trade war are merely one dimension of a far-reaching and accelerating imperialist rivalry. The changing reality on the world stage has urged a reconsideration of the thesis of transnational capitalist class (TCC) and theory of globalization in general. By reviewing the historical debate between the globalist and critical realist schools, I argue that William Carroll’s theoretical frame of global capitalism grounded in corporate network research through emphasizing a dialectical process of the ‘making’ of the TCC is better equipped to explain the unfolding Sino-U.S. conflict. Following Carroll’s multilayered approach to corporate network research, I conduct a corporate network analysis to examine the directorate interlocks of 40 Chinese transnational corporations (TNCs) selected from the Fortune Global 500 list. My study has found that the transnational networks of Chinese TNCs have remained considerably sparse, contained within condensed national networks. The globalization of Chinese TNCs and Chinese corporate elite has been modest and has not undermined or replaced the national base. This is due to two crucial reasons: the statist character of Chinese capitalist class and the regionalized development of global capitalism and class formation. In concordance with Carroll’s network research of Western companies, my study of corporate China reaffirms the fragility of the TCC, its internal friction, and potential decomposition. It also provides a material ground for analyzing the Sino-U.S. inter-imperialist rivalry as a structural development out of global capitalism and its class relations. My thesis study, therefore, offers the first attempt to draw a direct linkage between corporate network formation and geopolitical conflict. / Graduate