Sammanfattning Sedan 1980 har produktionen av sågade trävaror ökat i Sverige och samtidigt har produktionen koncentrerats till färre sågverk. Detta examensarbete behandlar Norra Skogs anläggning i Sävar som planerar att utöka sin produktion inom en snar framtid med en vision om att hantera en inkommande timmervolym på 1 000 000 m3f per år. För att göra detta möjligt kommer Sävar såg att investera i en ny mätstation. Den nya mätstationen kommer att leda till ett högre timmerflöde till sorteringen och den nya mätstationen kräver även ny mark för sågverket vilket leder till längre transportvägar på timmerplanen. Syftet med avhandlingen är att avgöra om de nuvarande timmerhanteringsfordonen kommer att klara av att hantera den nya timmervolymen på den nya anläggningen. Detta kommer att uppnås genom att simulera logistiken för den nuvarande och framtida anläggningen genom att använda Simulink och nyttja optimering av fordonenstransportrutter med hjälp av A-star algoritmen. Baserat på de krav som gemensamt fastställts med företaget och de antaganden som gjorts i modellen kommer arbetet fram till följande slutsatser: 1. De nuvarande timmerhanteringsfordonen räcker till vid två skift med en inkommande timmervolym på 600 000 m3f per år.2. Nuvarande timmerhanteringsfordon räcker till under majoriteten av dygnet under tre skift med en inkommande timmervolym på 1 000 000 m3f per år. På grund av några få långa väntetider i lastbilskön kan det dock vara lämpligt att investera i ytterligare ett timmehanteringsfordon under vissa delar av dygnet. Nyckelord: sågverk, timmer, timmerplan, timmerhanterare, simulering, optimering, A-star algoritmen / Abstract Simulation & optimization of timber handler operationsCapacity analysis of timber handlers at Sävar sawmill   Since 1980 the sawn timber production in Sweden has increased and at the same time been concentrated to fewer sawmills. This thesis considers Norra Skog’s facility in Sävar which is planning to expand its production in the near future with a vision to meet an incoming timber volume of 1 000 000 m3f per year. To make that possible Sävar sawmill will invest in a new measuring station. The new measuring station will lead to a faster timber flow to the sorting boxes and the new measuring station also requires a bigger sawmill area which leads to longer transport paths at the timberyard. The aim of the thesis is to determine if the current timber handler vehicles will be able to handle the new timber volumes for the new facility. This will be achieved by simulating the logistics for the current and future facility using Simulink and includes the optimization of the vehicle paths using the A-star algorithm. Based on the requirements set jointly with the company, and the assumptions made in the model, the conclusions from the thesis are the following: 1. The current timber handler vehicles are enough during 2-shift operation with a timber volume of 600 000 m3f per year.2. The current timber handler vehicles are enough for the most part during 3-shiftoperation with an incoming timber volume of 1,000 000 m3f per year. Due to a few long waiting times in the truck queue, it may however be appropriate to invest in an additional timber handler at some parts of the day.   Keywords: sawmill, timber, timber yard, timber handler, simulation, optimization, A-star algorithm

MPH / Department of Public Health

Data Handover est une librairie de fonctions adaptée aux systèmes distribués à grande échelle. Dho offre des routines qui permettent d'acquérir des ressources en lecture ou en écriture de façon cohérente et transparente pour l'utilisateur. Nous avons modélisé le cycle de vie de Dho par un automate d'état fini puis, constaté expérimentalement, que notre approche produit un recouvrement entre le calcul de l'application et le contrôle de la donnée. Les expériences ont été menées en mode simulé en utilisant la libraire GRAS de SimGrid puis, en exploitant un environnement réel sur la plate-forme Grid'5000. Par la théorie des files d'attente, la stabilité du modèle a été démontrée dans un contexte centralisé. L'algorithme distribué d'exclusion mutuelle de Naimi et Tréhel a été enrichi pour offrir les fonctionnalités suivantes: (1) Permettre la connexion et la déconnexion des processus (ADEMLE), (2) admettre les locks partagés (AEMLEP) et enfin (3) associer les deux propriétés dans un algorithme récapitulatif (ADEMLEP). Les propriétés de sûreté et de vivacité ont été démontrées théoriquement. Le système peer-to-peer proposé combine nos algorithmes étendus et le modèle originel Dho. Les gestionnaires de verrou et de ressource opèrent et interagissent mutuellement dans une architecture à trois niveaux. Suite à l'étude expérimentale du système sous-jacent menée sur Grid'5000, et des résultats obtenus, nous avons démontré la performance et la stabilité du modèle Dho face à une multitude de paramètres / Data Handover is a library of functions adapted to large-scale distributed systems. It provides routines that allow acquiring resources in reading or writing in the ways that are coherent and transparent for users. We modelled the life cycle of Dho by a finite state automaton and through experiments; we have found that our approach produced an overlap between the calculation of the application and the control of the data. These experiments were conducted both in simulated mode and in real environment (Grid'5000). We exploited the GRAS library of the SimGrid toolkit. Several clients try to access the resource concurrently according the client-server paradigm. By the theory of queues, the stability of the model was demonstrated in a centralized environment. We improved, the distributed algorithm for mutual exclusion (of Naimi and Trehel), by introducing following features: (1) Allowing the mobility of processes (ADEMLE), (2) introducing shared locks (AEMLEP) and finally (3) merging both properties cited above into an algorithm summarising (ADEMLEP). We proved the properties, safety and liveliness, theoretically for all extended algorithms. The proposed peer-to-peer system combines our extended algorithms and original Data Handover model. Lock and resource managers operate and interact each other in an architecture based on three levels. Following the experimental study of the underlying system on Grid'5000, and the results obtained, we have proved the performance and stability of the model Dho over a multitude of parameters

No description available.

In this thesis, a task-based qualitative study was conducted at a volunteer defense organization, the Swedish Working Dog Club (Svenska Brukshundklubben). The organization contributes to total defense by training patrol dogs and their handlers for the Home Guard. The Swedish Armed Forces have established guidelines for training instructors in volunteer defense organizations, from which Svenska Brukshundklubben had a dispensation until 2025. Consequently, they now need to create a new training process for their patrol dog instructors. This study aims to develop proposals for a new, quality-assured training process for Svenska Brukshundklubben, and to provide suggestions for implementing and managing the change process. To achieve this, data was collected through documents, statistical data, interviews, and surveys with experienced people within the organization. Offensive quality development is the study's foundation. In identifying proposals, Lean management was used as the main theory with a deductive approach. For implementation proposals change management theories were utilized. Svenska Brukshundklubben should implement a more standardized flow in their training process and introduce clearer routines and working methods. Standardization can facilitate the organization and improve process quality. The new training process is presented as a flow divided into three blocks. The first part covers basic instructor courses, the second addresses the experience and education required in canine knowledge, and the third includes specialized patrol dog courses followed by practical training. Svenska Brukshundklubben should also take central responsibility for their patrol dog instructors, actively manage instructor assignments, follow up, and exercise transformational leadership in the change process. / I det här examensarbetet har en uppdragsbaserad kvalitativ studie genomförts vid en frivillig försvarsorganisation, Svenska Brukshundklubben. Organisationen bidrar till totalförsvaret genom att utbilda patrullhundar och hundförare till Hemvärnet. Försvarsmakten har fastställda anvisningar gällande hur instruktörer vid frivilliga försvarsorganisationer ska utbildas, vilket Svenska Brukshundklubben fram till 2025 haft avsteg från. De behöver därför nu skapa en ny utbildningsprocess för sina patrullhundsinstruktörer. Syftet med studien är tvådelat, dels att ta fram förslag till SBK på en ny och kvalitetssäker utbildningsprocess, dels ge förslag på hur implementeringen och ledningen av förändringsarbetet kan genomföras. För att uppnå syftet har data insamlats genom dokument, statistisk data, intervjuer och enkäter med Sakkunniga. Offensiv kvalitetsutveckling är grunden för studien och vid identifiering av förslag har Lean management och Likers 14 principer nyttjats som huvudteori med en deduktiv ansats. I arbetet med förslag till implementeringsarbetet har Kotters åttastegsmodell för förändring nyttjats ihop med teori om förändringsledning. Svenska Brukshundklubben bör nyttja ett mer standardiserat flöde i sin utbildningsprocess samt införa tydligare rutiner och arbetssätt. En standardisering kan underlätta för organisationen samt höja processens kvalitet. Den nya utbildningsprocessen presenteras som ett flöde indelat i tre block. Den första delen berör de grundläggande instruktörskurserna, det andra blocket erfarenheten och utbildningen som krävs inom hundkunskap och slutligen blocket med kurserna specialiserade inom patrullhund följt av praktik. Organisationen bör även ta ett mer centralt ansvar gällande sina patrullhundsinstruktörer, ta en aktiv roll i tilldelning av instruktörsuppdrag, uppföljning samt utöva ett transformativt ledarskap i förändringsarbetet.

<p>A new kind of lipid/polymer composite particle, consisting of a biodegradable polymer matrix with well-defined lipid domains, has been created. The lipid used is the water-swelling lipid monoolein (MO), which forms a reversed bicontinuous cubic diamond structure in aqueous solutions. The polymer is poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG), which degrades into water-soluble monomers through hydrolysis. This new particle might be a good alternative for encapsulation of active substances intended to be released over a longer period of time, i.e. sustained/retained/controlled release.</p><p>To prepare such particles can be difficult. Suitable phase behaviour and a solvent with the right properties are needed. For this reason, the phase behaviours of several different lipid/polymer/solvent/water systems have been explored. From the phase behaviour of a suitable system (i.e. MO/PLG/ethyl acetate/water), a route for formation of lipid/polymer composite particles has been deduced. Particles have been formed and distinct, water-swelling, lipid domains have been confirmed by characterization by means of confocal laser scanning probe microscopy (CLSM). </p><p>The sample preparation process has been automated and a method based on using a robotic liquid handler has been developed. Phase diagrams have been determined by examination of macroscopic behaviours and the microstructures of the phases have been studied by small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (L₃, V₂, L_α, L), nuclear magnetic resonance self-diffusion (L, L₃), viscosimetry (L) and rheology (L). Several different theoretical models have been applied for interpretation of the results. For example, the swelling of the reversed bicontinuous cubic phases and the sponge phase have been modelled by applying the theory of infinite periodical minimal surfaces, the sponge phase has been shown to be bicontinuous according to the theory of interconnected rods and the phase behaviour of the polymer has been described by the Flory-Huggins theory. The main focus of this work (4/5) concerns phase studies in multicomponent systems from a physical-chemical point of view.</p>

A new kind of lipid/polymer composite particle, consisting of a biodegradable polymer matrix with well-defined lipid domains, has been created. The lipid used is the water-swelling lipid monoolein (MO), which forms a reversed bicontinuous cubic diamond structure in aqueous solutions. The polymer is poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG), which degrades into water-soluble monomers through hydrolysis. This new particle might be a good alternative for encapsulation of active substances intended to be released over a longer period of time, i.e. sustained/retained/controlled release. To prepare such particles can be difficult. Suitable phase behaviour and a solvent with the right properties are needed. For this reason, the phase behaviours of several different lipid/polymer/solvent/water systems have been explored. From the phase behaviour of a suitable system (i.e. MO/PLG/ethyl acetate/water), a route for formation of lipid/polymer composite particles has been deduced. Particles have been formed and distinct, water-swelling, lipid domains have been confirmed by characterization by means of confocal laser scanning probe microscopy (CLSM). The sample preparation process has been automated and a method based on using a robotic liquid handler has been developed. Phase diagrams have been determined by examination of macroscopic behaviours and the microstructures of the phases have been studied by small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (L3, V2, Lα, L), nuclear magnetic resonance self-diffusion (L, L3), viscosimetry (L) and rheology (L). Several different theoretical models have been applied for interpretation of the results. For example, the swelling of the reversed bicontinuous cubic phases and the sponge phase have been modelled by applying the theory of infinite periodical minimal surfaces, the sponge phase has been shown to be bicontinuous according to the theory of interconnected rods and the phase behaviour of the polymer has been described by the Flory-Huggins theory. The main focus of this work (4/5) concerns phase studies in multicomponent systems from a physical-chemical point of view.