Early detection of illness is essential in preventing symptoms from escalating and infectious diseases from spreading. Electrochemical biosensors are a promis- ing tool in healthcare detection. Previously, the collaboration between the Arold and Inal labs has led to the design of organic electrochemical transistors (OECT) capable of rapidly detecting coronavirus in saliva by using nanobody constructs as biorecognition units. In this project, I aimed to prove the versatility of nanobody- functionalized OECT biosensors in detecting other relevant viruses, specifically, Zika and Dengue. Both viruses pose a risk to multiple populations around the world, including the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. I designed and produced nanobod- ies that are reported to bind to the NS1 glycoprotein, which is released by Zika and Dengue into the blood of the patient. Then, I confirmed the binding of the nanobodies to their associated targets. I also developed a robotic liquid handling script to automate the biosensing operations. Ultimately, this project aims to support the design of a multiplex OECT biosensor for blood-borne pathogens.

Many variations of conveyor, facility, and trailer designs are available to aid the human operator in manual materials handling (MMH). This thesis describes an investigation to determine which of four different designs used in trailer MMH place the least physical stress on the human operator when unloading materials. Each trailer MMH design was evaluated by the criteria of biomechanical loading, working posture, physiological measure, and subjective rating of exertion. These four methods were used to generate four dependent measures: L5/S1 Compression Force, OWAS Action Category, mean heart rate, and Borg CR-10 RPE. While no single assessment method provided a clear means for quantifying level differences in physical stress among MMH conditions, the methods employed furnished insight into which techniques and protocols might be useful in studying similar working situations. Based on relative sensitivity, ease of application, and administrative and equipment costs, the OWAS method was recommended as an assessment method useful for evaluating similar MMH work. The summary results of the four methods provided information to meet the experimental goals of this research and allowed conclusions to be drawn for the major areas of interest. Specifically, statistically significant differences were found between the Drop-frame - Floor Rollers condition and all other conditions in the SSPM - Placement analysis, between the Flat-floor - Power and the Drop-frame - Suspended Rollers conditions in the OWAS - Acquisition analysis, and between the Drop-frame - Suspended Rollers and the Drop-frame - Floor Rollers conditions in the OWAS - Placement analysis. / Master of Science

Yes / This paper presents a multi-degrees-of-freedom non-linear multibody dynamic model of a three-axle heavy commercial vehicle tractor unit, comprising a subchassis, front and rear leaf spring suspensions, steering system, and ten wheels/tyres, with a semi-trailer comprising two axles and eight wheels/tyres. The investigation is mainly concerned with the rollover stability of the articulated vehicle. The models incorporate all sources of compliance, stiffness, and damping, all with non-linear characteristics, and are constructed and simulated using automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems formulation. A constant radius turn test and a single lane change test (according to the ISO Standard) are simulated. The constant radius turn test shows the understeer behaviour of the vehicle, and the single lane change manoeuvre was conducted to show the transient behaviour of the vehicle. Non-stable roll and yaw behaviour of the vehicle is predicted at test speeds .90 km/h. Rollover stability of the vehicle is also investigated using a constant radius turn test with increasing speed. The articulated laden vehicle model predicted increased understeer behaviour, due to higher load acting on the wheels of the middle and rear axles of the tractor and the influence of the semi-trailer, as shown by the reduced yaw rate and the steering angle variation during the constant radius turn. The rollover test predicted a critical lateral acceleration value where complete rollover occurs. Unstable behaviour of the articulated vehicle is also predicted in the single lane change manoeuvre.

The purpose of the present experiments was to determine whether a change in skin conductance is a reliable component of the fear pattern in the mouse. In these experiments, the sight of E was employed as an aversive stimulus. SC and defecation increased and activity decreased when the stimulus was presented. The SC and defecation responses tended to adapt with repeated testing. Decreases in activity on Day 1 were replaced by increases on subsequent days. Early handling severely attenuated the SC, defecation and freezing responses that would be normally seen on the first day of testing. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur förskollärare främjar inflytandet för barn i åldern ett till tre år på förskolan. Eftersom inflytande i förskolan ofta sammankopplas med verbal förmåga blev det därmed intressant att undersöka hur de yngsta barnen får inflytande likväl som de äldre barnen. Studiens metod tar sin grund i ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt med en fenomenografisk inriktning. Utgångspunkten var semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex förskollärare som arbetar med yngre barn i åldrarna ett till tre år. Resultatet av studien visar att förskollärarna ser miljön i förskolan som en aspekt för att möjliggöra de yngre barnens inflytande. Vidare framkom det att förskollärarnas förhållningssätt och att vara närvarande är av avgörande betydelse för att främja barnens inflytande. Då samtliga förskollärare arbetar aktivt med SKA-arbete och projekterande arbetssätt framkommer det även i resultatet att dessa metoder vilar på att fånga upp barnens intresse, samt att det synliggör hur de yngre barnens inflytande manifesteras.

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<p> Constraint Handling Rules ( CHRs) are a high level language extension to introduce user-defined constraints into a host language. Application of CHRs to reformulate functional dependencies (FDs) in the Haskell type system gives us a more precise definition of this concept, and a better understanding of FD behavior. But to preserve the confluence and termination properties of CHRs generated from FDs, some restrictions on the syntax of FDs and type class definitions have been imposed which confines the expressiveness power of Haskell type system. </p> <p> In this thesis we use this problem as a motivation to find a solution for the confluence and non-termination problem in CHRs. We build a formal framework for CHRs and model their different aspects mathematically to study how non-confluence and non-termination happens. Based on this formalization we introduce prioritized CHRs as a solution for the confluence problem. To solve the non-termination problem, we propose a method to detect non-termination in the constraint solver. We define a repetition candidate as a special type of derivation and prove that a derivation having this property can cause non-terminating rule applications in the system. Finally we define a deduction tree structure for a set of rules that can be used to find all the possible repetition candidates for a set of constraint rules. </p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)