Syftet med studien är att studera och analysera socialpedagogiska handlingar såsom det kommer till uttryck hos socialpedagoger verksamma i skolans kontext, samt undersöka vilka möjligheter och begränsningar som påverkar, och koppla detta till arbetet med sociala relationer och gemenskap. I studien intervjuades tre examinerade socialpedagoger och en rektor som arbetar inom skolan. Även en skuggning av en socialpedagog har genomförts. Materialet har analyserats med fokus på de teoretiska begreppen socialpedagogisk handling, sociala relationer samt gemenskap, och bearbetningen av det empiriska materialet har skett med hjälp av meningskoncentrering. Resultatet visar att de intervjuade socialpedagogerna inte har någon arbetsbeskrivning, men att arbetet de genomför lever upp till den intervjuade rektorns förväntningar. Vidare visar studien att socialpedagogerna arbetar utifrån sina kompetenser med behoven som finns i skolan. Fokus ligger på ett "helhetstänk" kring eleven, sociala relationer och gemenskap där lösningar kan ligga utanför de traditionella ramarna. Möjligheter eller begränsningar för detta individcentrerade arbete är grundade i frågor kring organisation och samverkan. Studiens slutsats är att det inte går att särskilja elevens hem-, fritid- och skolmiljö. Många elever har otrygga hemförhållanden och socioekonomiska problem, och deltar inte i aktiviteter utanför skolan. Skolan är den enda arenan där barn enligt lag måste infinna sig, och det är där möten med socialpedagoger kan göra skillnad. I en skola kan socialpedagogers kompetens komplettera lärare och elevhälsoteam och möta elevers ökade behov av stöd. Studiens diskussion belyser vikten av socialpedagoger i skolans kontext, och förvånas över hur få som faktiskt är anställda i det studerade geografiska området.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WSMDs) are an important health concern in the workplace.  Accurately quantifying the level of physical exposures (i.e., kinematics and kinetics) is essential for risk assessments, developing and/or testing interventions, and improving estimates of exposure-response relationships.  Such exposures ideally should be quantified in situ, while workers interact with the actual work environment to complete their tasks.  However, in practice, relatively crude and/or time-consuming methods are often used, including self-reports, observational methods, and simple instrumentation, since directly assessing physical exposures is challenging in the workplace, and typically resource prohibitive. Inertial motion capture (IMC) and in-shoe pressure measurement (IPM) systems are emerging wearable technologies, and they can, respectively, facilitate monitoring of body kinematics and external forces on the body in the workplace.  Thus, this research examined the potential of such technologies in exposure assessments, and evaluated them in comparison to mature laboratory systems (i.e., optical motion capture system and force platform) or direct observation.  Performance of an IMC system was evaluated during several manual material handling (MMH) tasks, in terms of estimated body kinematics and kinetics at selected body parts.  A practical issue, regarding calibrating the IPM system in the field, was addressed by defining an ad hoc global coordinate system using a force platform.  Several regression models were developed for estimating center-of-pressure location and ground reaction forces.  Given that outputs from the IMC and the IPM systems are numerically fine-grained, but generally lack contextual information about a given job, task classification approaches were explored to automatically identify task types and their time proportions in a job. Overall, the outcomes from these studies demonstrated the potential of the IMC and the IPM systems for measuring physical exposures in the workplace.  However, estimation of physical exposures using these systems requires further improvements in some cases.  This research provided groundwork for future rapid and direct assessments of physical exposures in the workplace, and which needs to be expanded and validated in future efforts. / Ph. D.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Air handling unit systems are the series of mechanical systems that regulate and circulate the air through the ducts inside the buildings. In a commercial setting, air handling units accounted for more than 50% of the total energy cost of the building in 2013. To make the system more energy efficient and reduce amount of CO₂ gases and energy waste, it is very important for building energy management systems to have an accurate model to help predict and optimize the energy usage and eliminate the energy waste. In this work, two models are described to focus on the energy usage for heating/cooling coils as well as fans for the air handling unit. Enthalpy based effectiveness and Dry Wet coil methods were identified and compared for the system performance. Two different types of control systems were modeled for this research, and the results are shown based on occupancy reflected by the collected CO₂ data. Discrete On/O and fuzzy logic controller techniques were simulated using Simulink MATLAB software and compared based on energy reduction and system performance. Air handling unit located in the basement of one campus building is used for the test case of this study. The data for model inputs is collected wirelessly from the building using fully function device (FFD) and pan coordinator to send/receive the data wirelessly. The air handling unit modeling also is done using Engineering Equation Solver EES Software for the coils and AHU subsystems. Current building management system Metasys software was used to get additional data as model inputs. Moving Average technique was utilized to make the model results more readable and less noisy. Simulation results show that in humid regions where there is more than 45% of relative humidity, the dry wet coil method is the effective way to provide more accurate details of the heat transfer and energy usage of the air handling unit comparing to the other method enthalpy-based effectiveness. Also, fuzzy logic controller results show that 62% of the current return fan energy can be reduced weekly using this method without sacrificing the occupant comfort level comparing to the ON/OFF method. Air quality can be optimized inside the building using fuzzy logic controller. At the same time, system performance can be increased by taking the appropriate steps to prevent the loss of static pressure in the ducts. The implementation of the method developed in this study will improve the energy efficiency of the AHU.

The thesis desribes handling specifications heavy with brake drums. Shows the improper movements of workers who manipulate the loads, which are frequent a source of accident. Shows the and describes possible ways of construction solutions handling truck. In conclusion the work is in progress one solution including drawings and check calculation.

Background Antineoplastic drugs constitute an important cornerstone in treating malignant cancer diseases. The nurses administering these drugs risk developing short- and long-term side effects from exposure if not properly protected by personal protective equipment. The National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health produces guidelines and recommendations for healthcare personnel handling antineoplastic drugs in order to minimise exposure. Aim The aim of this study was to observe and describe registered nurses’ compliance to National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health guidelines and recommendations concerning the use of personal protective equipment during drug administration at a public hospital in Guangzhou, China. Method Data was collected at three different departments using structured direct observations, totalling 211 administrations encompassing day and evening shifts. Results Total compliance to National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health guidelines and recommendations was 0 percent as a result of non-existent gown use. The overall compliance for the use of double gloves was 76,3 percent. The Department of Medical Oncology had the highest department-specific compliance rate for double gloves at 80,7 percent, whereas the evening shift at Chemotherapy Outpatient Department boasted the highest shift-specific compliance rate for the same item at 83,3 percent. Conclusion Interventions are needed concerning the use of personal protective equipment, in particular the use of gowns. Obtained hospital-specific guidelines did not include the procedure of drug administration, warranting the implementation of hospital-specific standard operating procedure guidelines encompassing this aspect.

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Med utgångspunkt i kollegiala samtal bland kemilärarna på en gymnasieskola och de reflektioner som förekom i samtalen, var syftet med denna studie att stärka kemilärarnas kollegiala lärande. Forskningsfrågan är: Vilka former av reflektion förekommer i kemilärares kollegiala samtal? Studien inspireras av teorier om praxisgemenskaper och reflektion i sådana. Aktionerna bestod av kollegiala observationer av undervisning och kollegiala samtal om observationerna. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys av de kollegiala samtalen synliggör följande former av reflektion: Vardagsprat, Kemifakta, Reflektioner över handling och Värderingar. De olika formerna har olika djup när det kommer till reflektionsnivå (Handal & Lauvås, 2000; Schön, 1984) vilken även varierade inom samtliga samtal. Vardagsprat som representerar en ytlig reflektionsnivå förekommer i alla samtalen, medan värdering som representerar en djup reflektionsnivå var i minoritet. Den fördjupade reflektionen ökade dock efterhand. Studiens resultat ligger i linje med tidigare forskning som pekar på utmaningar i kollegialt lärande. Trots utmaningar genererade de kollegiala samtalen förbättrade undervisningshandlingar. Slutsatsen är att aktionerna har stärkt det kollegiala lärandet, men att det kollegiala lärandet behöver fördjupas ytterligare. Som ämnesansvarig behöver jag därmed hitta vägar för att utmana våra samtal för att komma ännu djupare i våra reflektioner. / Deepened reflection in peer conversations for professional learning? Based on chemistry teachers' peer conversations at an upper secondary school, and reflection within these conversations, the purpose of the present study was to strengthen the teachers' professional learning. The research question is: Which types of reflections are present in the chemistry teachers' peer conversations for learning? The study is based on theories about communities of praxis and reflection. The actions consisted of peer observations and peer conversations based on these observations. A qualitative content analysis indicates the following types of reflection: Small talk, Chemistry facts, Reflections on actions and Values. The depth of reflection differed between the forms (Handal & Lauvås, 2000; Schön, 1984) and within the conversations. Small talk, representinga superficial level of reflection, were represented in all talks, and values representing a deeperlevel, were in minority. However, in depth reflections increased over time. The results confirm previous research pointing out challenges in professional learning communities. Despite the challenges, the peer conversations resulted in improved teaching. The conclusion is that the professional learning was strengthened, but still needs to be developed further. As a teacher leader, I need to consider how I can continue to challenge our conversations for reaching deeper in our reflections.

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An efficient handling process of aggregates and excavated soil and rock will be of increasing importance in expanding urban regions. The construction of residences, infrastructure and commercial areas generate significant amounts of soil and rock that can be re-used more efficiently as construction material, minimizing transportation and environmental impact. A key element is the implementation of central intermediate storage sites for re-use purposes and cooperation between several construction projects in a region. The evaluation of storage capacities and optimal site locations is in turn dependent on comprehensive knowledge about what quantities of aggregates and excavated soil and rock that will be generated and utilized in the region. The calculation model presented in this thesis provides a way of estimating the amount of excavated soil and rock generated during the construction of new residential areas at an initial stage of the planning process. The excavated volume is expressed as a function of the number of residents and the number of floors in the buildings of the planned area, allowing for an early estimation that may effectively influence the logistical planning of the mass handling process. The simplified calculation model applied to a case study of the existing residential area Annedal in Stockholm produces an estimated amount of 577 500 ton excavated soil and rock, approximately 3.8 % lower than the reference value of 600 000 ton. Regional storage sites are advantageous as different construction projects generate and utilize different types of soil, rock and aggregates, resulting in a higher possible re-use share than in individual projects. When regarding the energy usage in transportation, it is shown that intermediate storage sites located within 10 km of the construction site may allow for more than 15 % energy reduction if re-using 25 % of the excavated amount of soil and rock. A distance of 5 km may yield more than 20 % reduction of transportation energy for the same share of re-use.