Violent Crime and Its Prevention Abstract This thesis deals with violent crime and its prevention. This topic is broad, therefore only few aspects are included into this work. I focused mostly on phenomenology of violent crime, worldwide comparation and prevention of crime. The violent crime is a traditional criminologic topic, but despite that, it is still very actual. My goal was to chart violent crime and its prevention. This work is divided into six chapters. In the first chapter, basic concepts are defined. The focus of a second chapter is on phenomenology, state, dynamics and extent of the violent crime in Czech Republic and in countries, that I have chosen. In the following chapter, the state of violent crime is compared in-between some chosen countries through index crime of homicide. Crime in United States and Great Britain is compared in more detail later in this chapter. In the same chapter, relapse and latent crime is also described. In the third chapter, perpetrator of violent crime, various kinds of typology, ratios between men and women in sense of numbers of offences and age composition of offenders are discussed. Victims, victimization, types of victims, forms of experiencing harm and impact of violent crime on the victim is the main topic of the fourth chapter. The fifth chapter deals with...

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-10-31T20:06:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Rogerio de Pinho Andrade.pdf: 1654192 bytes, checksum: 3e199efb9b53aa93ecdf1a3f53236b90 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-31T20:06:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Rogerio de Pinho Andrade.pdf: 1654192 bytes, checksum: 3e199efb9b53aa93ecdf1a3f53236b90 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-07 / This is a study about the exercise of tolerance against the speech of hate based on John Rawls‟ theory of justice. The paper aims to analyze the Federal Supreme Court decision in the Ellwanger Case under the comprehension of John Rawls‟ political philosophy. For this purpose, freedom of expression, tolerance and the speech of hatred are analyzed. Freedom of expression is discussed as a fundamental right distinguishing it from freedom of thought and information. We describe the idea of tolerance in modern society by identifying its philosophical foundation from the conceptions developed by the modern philosophers John Locke, Voltaire, John Stuart Mill, Noerberto Bobbio e John Rawls. The hate speech is conceptualized and contextualized. The conception of liberty and tolerance according to John Rawls is presented. We discuss freedom of expression, tolerance and hate speech under a legal perspective in both national and interamerican legal systems. Hate speech in Brazil is analyzed under the STF judgment of the Ellwanger case. / Estudo do exercício da tolerância frente ao discurso do ódio com fundamentos na teoria da justiça de John Rawls. O trabalho objetiva analisar a decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal no Caso Ellwanger sob a compreensão da filosofia política de John Rawls. Para tanto, analisa-se a liberdade de expressão, a tolerância e o discurso do ódio. Descreve-se a ideia de tolerância na sociedade moderna identificando sua fundamentação filosófica a partir das concepções desenvolvidas pelos filósofos modernos John Locke, Voltaire, John Stuart Mill, Norberto Bobbio e John Rawls. Descreve-se a ideia de tolerância na sociedade moderna identificando sua fundamentação filosófica. Conceitua-se e contextualiza-se o discurso do ódio. Apresenta-se a concepção de liberdade e tolerância em John Rawls. Debate-se a liberdade de expressão, a tolerância e o discurso do ódio na perspectiva jurídica no sistema nacional e interamericano de direito. Analisa-se o discurso do ódio no Brasil sob o julgado do STF do caso Ellwanger.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-12-06T11:01:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliano Cappi.pdf: 4589720 bytes, checksum: bdb2ed397326a6feabccff377ea6f51c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-06T11:01:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliano Cappi.pdf: 4589720 bytes, checksum: bdb2ed397326a6feabccff377ea6f51c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present research analyzes the relations between, on the one hand, the interaction dynamics that have consolidated in the social networks and, on the other, the of hate speech online increase within these environments. The objectives of the research are, firstly, to investigate the unfolding of the increasingly widespread use of social network environments in political debates through the lens of cultural diversity, and to investigate possible patterns of dissemination of hate speech in the new debate sphere that emerges in these environments. The violence manifest in social networks has presented contours of racial prejudice, misogyny, homophobia and totalitarianism, often surpassing the limits of cyberspace. The analysis of the debates that took place on Twitter through the posts around the conviction of former President Luis Inacio Lula da Silva showed that the phenomenon of the filter bubbles was identified and followed the patterns already identified in international research. The analysis of the postings suggests that the construction of mutual identifications between groups of users ends up authorizing the systematic discourse of disrespect for dignity from characteristics that identify Lula as a whore, as a drunkard, a hobo and a thief. The theoretical framework uses the notion of communicational environment proposed by Baitello to support the assumption that the construction of identity and therefore the notion of alterity is increasingly related to the environment developed by the Internet applications present in our daily life. If the environment is a construction associated with subjectivity, an atmosphere generated by the availability of subjects - people and things - by their intentionality of establishing bonds, then the environments of interaction of cyberspace contribute to the structuring of the bonds so important for the construction of identity. We also used in the research the concept of filter bubbles in the terms of the work of Eli Pariser. The author proposes that the new digital Internet browsing environments are bubbles of familiarity, structured by systems of collection, analysis, classification and distribution of information using algorithms, in which users are inserted. Pariser disputes the widely accepted belief that the Internet environment is conducive to the contact with the diversity of expressions. The research was able to extend this approach by proposing that the bubbles are often manifested by ideological approximation. Finally, Eugenio Trivinho’s concept of cybercultural dromocracy is based on the violent condition in which recognition of alterity in modern society takes place. The methodological framework that guided the research is centered in the social networks analysis (SNA), based on the works of Raquel Recuero / A presente pesquisa analisa as relações entre, de um lado, as dinâmicas de interação que se consolidaram nas redes sociais digitais e, de outro, o avanço do discurso de ódio nesses ambientes. Os objetivos da pesquisa são, em primeiro lugar investigar os desdobamentos do uso cada vez mais disseminado dos ambiente das redes sociais digitais nos debates políticos pela lente da diversidade cultural e investigar possíveis padrões de disseminação do discurso de ódio na nova esfera de debates que emerge nesses ambientes. A violência que se manifesta nas redes sociais digitais tem apresentado contornos de preconceito racial, misoginia, homofobia e totalitarismo, muitas vezes ultrapassando os limites do ciberespaço. A analise dos debates que tiveram lugar no Twitter através das postagem em torno da condenação do ex-presidente Luis Inácio Lula da Silva mostraram que o fenômemo da formação de bolhas ideológicas que se manifesta e tem acompanhado os padrões já identificados em pesquisas internacionais. A análise das postagens sugerem que a construção de identificações mútuas entre grupos de usuários acaba por autorizar o discurso sistemático de desrespeito a dignidade a partir de características que identificam Lula como uma puta, como bêbado, vagabundo e ladrão. O referencial teórico emprega a noção de ambiente comunicacional proposta por Baitello para fundamentar o pressuposto de que a construção da identidade e portanto da noção de alteridade está relacionada cada vez mais intimamente com o ambiente disponibilizado pelas aplicações Internet presentes no nosso dia a dia. Se o ambiente é uma construção associada a subjetividade, uma atmosfera gerada pela disponibilidade dos sujeitos – pessoas e coisas – por sua intencionalidade de estabelecer vínculos, então os ambientes de interação do ciberespaço tem contribuição na estruturação dos vínculos tão importantes para a construção da identidade. Igualmente foi utilizado na pesquisa o conceito de filtros invisíveis da Internet nos termos do trabalho de Eli Pariser. O autor propõe que os novos ambientes digitais de navegação na Internet são bolhas de familiaridade, estruturadas por sistemas de coleta, análise, classificação e distribuição de informações com o uso de algoritmos, nas quais os usuários se encontram inseridos. Pariser contesta a crença amplamente aceita de que o ambiente da Internet propicia o contato com a diversidade de expressões. A pesquisa pôde ampliar a essa abordagem ao propor que as bolhas se manifestam muitas vezes por aproximação ideológica. Por fim, o conceito de dromocracia cibercultural de Eugênio Trivinho fundamenta a condição violenta na qual se processa o reconhecimento da alteridade na sociedade moderna. O referencial metodológico que orientou a investigação está centrado na análise de redes sociais (ARS), a partir dos trabalhos de Raquel Recuero

Violent right-wing groups have emerged in the German youth scene since reunification in 1990. By the early 1990's, many groups of people have had to face racist violence and harassment as a threatening part of everyday life. With the social, political, economic, demographical and ideological changes which have taken place across Europe, especially since the fall of the Communist systems in Eastern Europe, it becomes essential to consider their impact on individuals. A psychosocial approach to the subject of right-wing youth violence in Germany is adopted and will reveal that the concepts of identity formation have undergone changes not unlike the progressive changes of social structures after the second World War. Key sources for this thesis are works by Alfred Adler, Theodor W. Adorno, Bruno Bettelheim, Erik Erikson, Sigmund Freud, Erich Fromm, Stuart Hall, Dick Hebdige, Kenneth Kenniston, David Riesman and others. This approach will support the argument that youth violence is a side effect of developmental capitalism, the root causes of which emanate not from cultural contexts but rather from a variety of factors which lie within social structures. Subcultures absorb individuals who cannot function amid the dynamic social changes of capitalist development. Youth anger and anxiety is expressed as racist violence as young people seek someone to blame for their isolation from mainstream society. An analysis such as this one inevitably leads to larger issues regarding Germany's historical past, right-wing extremism in Europe and the International Nazi Cooperation network, which to some extent has also triggered and supported racist and right-wing youth violence. / Graduation date: 1997

This thesis consists of an argument analysis of three columns published in the Indian newspaper The Indian Express in the aftermath of the gangrape and murder of a young woman in Delhi in December 2012, and the following debate about glorification of rape in Indian popular culture. One of the columnists is arguing in favour of including gender as a category in the Indian law on hate speech, thereby banning an artist called Honey Singh and his lyrics about rape. The two other columnists are arguing against new restrictions on free speech in India. The analysis of the columns shows that there are several relevant arguments for and against including gender in the Indian hate speech legislation. The argumentation against a new law is similar to argumentation found in Western liberal theory, and the argumentation in favour of a new law is similar to argumentation found in Western radical feminist and critical race theory. However, both strands of philosophy are contested by postcolonial theorists, arguing that no Western theory is applicable in a non-Western context, such as India. Indian postcolonial feminists argue in favour of a third approach to sexist speech in India; a counter-speech approach. Counter-speech theorists agree with liberals about the importance of freedom of speech, and with feminists about the harm in hate speech. According to counter-speech theory, hate speech shall thus not be outlawed, but the state shall try to counter the harmful effects of hate speech, for example by strengthening groups targeted by hate speech so that they can speak back to hatemongers. The conclusion of this thesis is that a counter-speech approach is the most sustainable regarding freedom of speech and gender in India. Such an approach does not only appeal to Indian postcolonial theorists, it is also a middle way in-between a liberal and a radical feminist approach. In the conclusion, the relevance of hate speech legislation as a whole is also questioned. Laws such as in India, that protect only racial and religious groups from being targeted by hate speech while categories such as gender, sexual orientation and disability are not included, can be deemed discriminatory. An abolishment of hate speech prohibitions and an adoption of a counter-speech approach to all forms of hate speech is discussed.

My thesis argues that a shift has taken place in white supremacist rhetoric post September 11, 2001. I focus on the pre-9/11 rhetoric of Jared Taylor, the post 9/11 rhetoric of Patrick Buchanan, and identify the attacks of September 11th as a catalytic event in the history of white supremacist rhetoric. Through careful rhetorical analysis, I identify the 9/11 shift as a shift in placement vis-à-vis the political mainstream.

The purpose of this study was to empirically evaluate hypothesized risk factors for the perpetration of antigay aggression. Specifically, the independent and interactive effects of endorsement of hegemonic male role norms and peer group relational factors (i.e., closeness) were examined as individual and situational risk factors for antigay aggression, within the framework of the General Aggression Model (GAM). Dyads of friends were recruited for participation in the study. Participants completed questionnaires that included measures of hegemonic masculinity and friendship closeness. The dyads of friends then viewed a video depicting male-male intimacy and competed in the TAP together against a fictitious gay opponent. Results showed that endorsement of the toughness norm was associated with both higher average shock intensity and proportion of highest shock selected. However, neither measure of relationship closeness served as a significant moderator of this relation.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2002. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 261 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 220-249).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2009. / Title from title screen (site viewed January 5, 2010). PDF text: x, 249 p. ; 2 Mb. UMI publication number: AAT 3360162. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm and microfiche formats.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2009. / Adviser: Joan Morris. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-54).