Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1981.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1981.

Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 2005. / Not embargoed. Vita. Bibliography: 57-63.

Health related quality of life (HRQoL) refers to the impact of disease and treatment on disability and daily living. Living with a venous leg ulcer (VLU) has a negative impact on HRQoL. The aim of the present study was to investigate the aspects of HRQoL affected by VLUs in a local SA sample. A post hoc research design was utilised comparing 30 VLU patients and 30 non-VLU participants. Four hypotheses were investigated: (1) the experience of having a VLU on HRQoL, (2) the relation between gender and HRQoL of VLU patients, (3) the relation between age and HRQoL of VLU patients and (4) the interrelation between the underlying constructs of HRQoL of VLU patients. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on demographic variables and HRQoL using the SF-36 questionnaire. Interviews were conducted to obtain qualitative data to complete the investigation. Correlation analysis and t-tests confirmed that having a VLU negatively affected HRQoL and that interrelations existed among the constructs of HRQoL. There were no significant relations between gender, age and HRQoL of VLU patients. In line with the social constructivist approach, social support and restructuring a sense of meaning in life to increase HRQoL, are important goals in the management of VLUs. / Psychology / M.Sc. (Psychology)

O Ministério da Saúde preconiza que o cuidado pré-natal deva ser realizado de forma regular e completa, com o número mínimo de seis consultas. Considerando esse aspecto, a análise da distribuição de indicador de cobertura pré-natal, segundo áreas geográficas, é um instrumento valioso na pesquisa em saúde materno-infantil por contribuir para o entendimento dos processos envolvidos na determinação das condições de saúde da mulher e do recém-nascido. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a distribuição espacial da cobertura pré-natal em relação as características maternas em São Luís/MA. Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo ecológico realizada em São Luís/MA com uma amostra aleatória de 2.019 mulheres. A coleta de dados de nascimentos, ocorridos em 2012, foi no período de julho a outubro de 2013, na Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de São Luís, por meio do Sistema de Informação de Nascidos Vivos. Os endereços da amostra foram corrigidos com a utilização do Google Earth, versão 7.1.2.2041, e a busca das coordenadas latitude e longitude pelo site http://batchgeo.com/ para serem georreferenciadas pelo programa TerraView, versão 4.2.2. As coordenadas geográficas do município foram obtidas pela projeção lat/long e datum WGS-84 e foram convertidas para SIRGAS 2000/UTM. Foram obtidos padrões de densidade espaciais por meio de análise estatística espacial, segundo a técnica de alisamento de Kernel e elaboração dos mapas no ArcGis, versão 10.1. Os resultados demonstraram que a maioria das mães estava na fase adulta (85,29%), 96,53% tinham mais de 9 anos de estudo, 65,77% possuíam companheiro, 80,14% não tiveram filhos mortos, 51,42% eram primíparas, 97,67% com gravidez única, 56,76% realizaram parto cesáreo e 67,27% foram a termo. Quanto às consultas prénatais, 13,72% realizaram o número de consultas insuficientes, 38,24% foram regulares e 48,04%, suficientes. Observou-se uma associação estatisticamente significativa. Observou-se uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre idade materna (p<0,0000), anos de estudo (p<0,0000), paridade (p<0,0000), idade gestacional (p<0,0000) e tipo de parto com a cobertura pré-natal (p<0,0000), como também situação conjugal (p=0,0007) e nascidos mortos (p=0,0319). Quanto à condição da cobertura pré-natal por Distritos Sanitários, observou-se que as consultas pré-natais suficientes foram em maior porcentagem nos Distritos Cohab (56,9%), Vila Esperança (54,5%) e Bequimão (51,6%); as consultas pré-natais regulares foram mais expressivas nos Distritos Centro (51,3%) e Itaqui- Bacanga (42,4%); e as consultas insuficientes variaram entre 11,5% e 17,6% em todos os Distritos. Os resultados evidenciam uma forte concentração da cobertura pré-natal suficiente nos distritos Tirirical e Cohab, demostrando a necessidade de vigilância contínua nos outros distritos que apresentaram concentração da cobertura regular a insuficiente / The Ministry of Health recommends that prenatal care should be performed regularly and completely, with the minimum number of six visits. Considering this aspect, the analysis of the distribution of indicator prenatal coverage, according to geographical areas, is a valuable tool for research in maternal and child health by contributing to the understanding of the processes involved in determining the health of women and newborns. The objective of the study was to analyze the spatial distribution of antenatal coverage compared maternal characteristics in São Luís/MA. This is a research of the ecological type carried out in São Luís/MA with a random sample of 2,019. The data collection of births occurred in 2012, was the period from July to October 2013, the Municipal Health Secretary of São Luís, throught the Live Birth Information System. The sample`s addresses were corrected with the use of Google Earth, version 7.1.2.2041, and the pursuit of latitude and longitude coordinates for http://batchgeo.com/ site to be georeferenced by terraView, version 4.2.2 program. The geographic coordinates of the city were obtained by projecting lat/long and datum WGS-84 and were converted to SIRGAS 2000/UTM. Patterns of spatial density using spatial statistical analysis were obtained using the technique of kernel smoothing and preparation of maps in ArcGIS, version 10.1. The results showed that most mothers were in adulthood (85,29%), 96,53% had more than 9 years of education, 65,77% had a partner, 80,14% had children dead, 51,42 % were primiparous, 97,67% with single pregnancy, 56,76% underwent cesarean delivery and 67,27% were full-term. As for antenatal visits, 13,72% had insufficient number of queries, 38,24% were regular and 48,04% were sufficient. There was a significant association of maternal age (p<0,0000), years of education (p<0,0000), parity (p<0,0000), gestational age (p<0,0000) and mode of delivery with prenatal coverage (p <0.0000), as well as marital status (p=0,0007) and stillbirths (p=0,0319). As the condition of prenatal coverage by health districts, it was observed that sufficient prenatal visits were done in the Districts Cohab with the highest percentage (56,9%), Vila Esperança (54,5%) and Bequimão (51,6 %); regular antenatal visits were more expressive in Center Districts (51,3%) and Itaqui-Bacanga (42,4%); and insufficient consultations ranged between 11,5% and 1,.6% in all Districts. The results show a strong concentration of sufficient prenatal coverage in Tirirical and Cohab districts, demonstrating the need for continued vigilance in other districts who presented concentration of regular coverage until insufficient

Orientador: Luciane Miranda Guerra / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T14:49:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nambu_MauricioMassayuki_M.pdf: 6110256 bytes, checksum: fb5c5c2f84a8fc982cb54524cde90aef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A proposição do presente estudo foi avaliar as Assistências Farmacêuticas Básicas municipais das cidades que compõem a Comissão Intergestores Regional de Saúde (CIR) de Ourinhos-São Paulo, através de indicadores de estrutura, processo e resultado, e propor, de forma compartilhada e participativa, ações na perspectiva de impactar mudanças positivas nos indicadores verificados e na prática dos serviços. Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo, baseado em indicadores do manual prático de acompanhamento de políticas nacionais de medicamentos da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), perfazendo neste estudo, um total de treze indicadores, caracterizados pela utilidade, descrição, padrão, fonte, metodologia de coleta, cálculo e limitações. Foram realizadas observações diretas em medicamentos, cadastros, relatórios e/ou documentos, entrevistas com os responsáveis pelas Assistências Farmacêuticas Municipais e visitas às unidades de saúde que dispensavam medicamentos para a atenção básica, perfazendo um número total censitário de doze municípios, 41 unidades de saúde e três Centrais de Abastecimento Farmacêutico, não anexas às unidades dispensadoras de medicamentos (farmácias). Em uma segunda etapa, foi realizada uma oficina temática direcionada a todos os municípios participantes do estudo. Verificou-se que 63,89% das unidades de saúde e 75% das centrais de abastecimento farmacêutico possuíam controle de estoque e 68,33% e 70%, cumpriam as boas práticas de armazenamento, respectivamente. Nas unidades de saúde foram encontrados, em média, 0,85 farmacêuticos por unidade; 14,79% de trabalhadores capacitados, 2,44% de listas de padronização afixadas nas farmácias, presença de 88,91% de medicamentos marcadores, 3,77% de medicamentos fora do prazo de validade, 1,99 medicamentos por prescrição, 63,98% de medicamentos prescritos, pertencentes à Atenção Básica, 80,21% de medicamentos prescritos pela denominação genérica, 74,94% de medicamentos prescritos e atendidos, sendo 73,57% na íntegra e 79,59% de medicamentos pertencentes ao Componente Básico da Assistência Farmacêutica dispensados. Na oficina temática, das doze cidades estudadas, sete responsáveis pelas Assistências Farmacêuticas municipais compareceram. Nesta, foram analisados os dados situacionais e elaboradas propostas para melhoria dos indicadores apurados, sendo as mesmas encaminhadas aos gestores e farmacêuticos responsáveis pelas respectivas Assistências Farmacêuticas dos doze municípios da CIR Ourinhos-São Paulo. Apesar dos índices não serem totalmente insatisfatórios, em sua maioria, os valores dos indicadores ficaram abaixo dos padrões estabelecidos pela literatura, demonstrando a necessidade de adequações na infraestrutura e da realização de capacitações para as Assistências Farmacêuticas municipais, visando maior qualidade de atenção aos usuários do sistema de saúde / Abstract: The proposition of this study was to evaluate the Municipal Basic Pharmaceutical Assistance of towns compounding the Intermanagerial Regional Health Commission (IRC) of Ourinhos-Sao Paulo, through indicators of structure, process and result, and propose, in a shared and participatory manner, actions to cause positive changes in the verified indicators and practice of services. It is a cross-sectional descriptive study, based on the attendance of Practical Manual Indicators of National Medicine Policies of the World Health Organization (WHO), totalizing thirteen indicators, characterized by utility, description, standard, source, collection methodology, calculation and limitations. Direct observations were made on medications, records, reports and/or documents, interviews with those responsible for Municipal Pharmaceutical Assistance, and visits to health facilities dispensing drugs for primary care, with total census number of twelve municipalities, forty one health units and three pharmaceutical supply centers, not attached to the units dispensing medications (pharmacies). In a second stage, a thematic workshop was directed to all municipalities participating in the study. It was found that 63.89% of health units and 75% of the pharmaceutical supply centers had stock control, 68.33% and 70% of them respectively, met the good storage practices. In the health units were found, on average, 0.85 pharmacists per unit; 14.79% skilled workers, 2.44% of standardization lists posted in pharmacies, the presence of 88.91% tracer drugs, 3.77% of drugs with expiry date, 1.99 medicine per prescription, 63,98% of prescribed drugs belonging to primary care, 80.21% of drugs prescribed by the generic denomination, 74.94% of the drugs prescribed and received, being 73.57% in full and 79.59% of drugs belonging to the dispensed Basic Pharmaceutical Component Assistance. In thematic workshop of the twelve cities studied, seven responsible for Municipal Pharmaceutical Assistance attended. It was analyzed the data situation and proposals for improvement were prepared for the checked indicators. The proposals were forwarded to managers and pharmacists responsible for their respective Pharmaceutical Assistance of the twelve municipalities of IRC Ourinhos-Sao Paulo. Despite the indices not being totally unsatisfactory, mostly the indicator values were below the standards established by the literature, demonstrating the need for adjustments in infrastructure and conducting training for the Municipal Pharmaceutical Assistance, improving the quality of care to the health system users / Mestrado / Odontologia em Saude Coletiva / Mestre em Odontologia em Saúde Coletiva

Orientador: Heleno Rodrigues Corrêa Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T23:35:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Miquilin_IsabelladeOliveiraCampos_D.pdf: 3441205 bytes, checksum: 7ee4d37959e9a09f5bf14453c81ebc28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O universo do trabalho na sociedade capitalista encerra crianças e adolescentes marginalmente inseridos no mercado de trabalho e que enfrentam situações laborais que impõem riscos à saúde. Ponto de estagnação ao desenvolvimento social e humano, a persistência do trabalho infantil (TI) reflete desigualdades sociais e fere princípios fundamentais dos direitos da pessoa humana. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever gradientes de desigualdades no trabalho de crianças e adolescentes e construir indicadores de saúde de crianças e adolescentes em condições de trabalho. Os objetivos específicos foram: investigar desigualdades socioeconômicas e de saúde entre crianças e adolescentes trabalhadores (trabalhavam ou estavam em busca de emprego) e não trabalhadores (Artigo1); analisar desigualdades socioeconômicas e de saúde segundo violência referida sofrida por crianças e adolescentes (Artigo 2); descrever o perfil dos acidentes de trabalho (ATs) notificados entre menores de 18 anos e propor indicadores para análise dos riscos do TI no País (Artigo 3). Para análise do primeiro objetivo, foram selecionadas do banco de dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD/2008) pessoas de 5 a 17 anos de ambos os sexos (n=91.377). Realizada análise descritiva das características do trabalho principal (n=9.104) bem como das variáveis socioeconômicas e de saúde entre trabalhadores (n=11.002) e não trabalhadores (n=80.375). Estimadas razões de prevalência (RP) ajustadas das características de saúde utilizando regressão de Poisson, sendo `não trabalhadores¿ categoria de referência. Para análise das desigualdades segundo violência referida foram selecionadas da PNAD/2008 meninos e meninas de 5 a 17 anos. Estimadas prevalências de violência sofrida nos 12 últimos meses segundo variáveis socioeconômicas, morbidade referida e ocupação, além de RP de violência ajustadas. A análise descritiva dos ATs ocorridos entre menores de 18 anos (n=896) foi realizada a partir dos registros de acidente de trabalho grave do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN/2008). Foram elaborados indicadores de prevalência relatada de TI e incidência de AT a partir da PNAD/2008 e do SINAN/2008, incluindo ficha de qualificação dos indicadores. A prevalência estimada de TI foi de 12%. Comparados aos não trabalhadores, crianças e adolescentes que trabalhavam ou buscavam emprego tiveram maior proporção de meninos; adolescentes de 14 a 17 anos; pretos e pardos; menor frequência escolar e piores condições de moradia. O TI esteve associado, principalmente, a pior saúde autorreferida (RP=1,18 p-valor<0,05) e depressão (RP=1,37 p-valor<0,05). A prevalência estimada de violência foi de 13,5/1.000 habitantes, sendo depressão (RP=4,11 p-valor<0,05), pior saúde autorreferida (RP=1,63 p-valor<0,05) e TI (RP=1,41 p-valor<0,05) as principais variáveis associadas. Quanto às vítimas de AT na infância destacam-se os meninos; maiores de 13 anos; atendentes de lanchonete e trabalhadores do setor de comércio. Os indicadores de saúde avaliaram a magnitude e riscos do TI, apontando limites e possibilidades das bases de dados utilizadas. O trabalho infantil é um desafio a ser enfrentado pelo Estado e sociedade que devem reconhecer os fatores de ordem social e econômica que predispõem sua ocorrência. Espera-se que os indicadores contribuam para análise da dimensão socioeconômica e de saúde do TI auxiliando a Vigilância em Saúde do Trabalhador do País / Abstract: The labor universe in capitalist society contains children and adolescents marginally inserted in the job market and facing work situations that impose risk to their health. The persistence of child labor is a stagnation point to the social and human development. It reflects social inequalities and violates the human rights. The aims of this study were to describe inequalities gradients in the work of children and adolescents and build health indicators of children and adolescents in working conditions. The specific aims were: to investigate socioeconomic and health inequalities between children and adolescents workers (or looking for a job) and non-workers (Article1); to analyze health, work and socioeconomic inequalities according to the reported violence suffered by children and adolescents (Article 2); to describe the profile of occupational accidents (OA) that were notified among children under 18 years of age and propose indicators for analysis of child labor risks (Article 3). To the first objective, children and adolescents aged 5-17 years in both sexes (n=91,377) were selected from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD/ 2008). Descriptive analysis of job characteristics were performed (n=9.104), and a descriptive analysis of socioeconomic, housing conditions and morbidity characteristics among workers (n=11.002) and non-workers (n=80, 375) was done as well. Adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) of health characteristics were estimated using Poisson regression, and `non-workers' were the reference category. Children and adolescents aged 5-17 years were selected from PNAD/2008 for the analysis of inequalities according to violence referred. Prevalence of reported violence suffered in the last 12 months were estimated according to socioeconomic variables, reported morbidity and work, as well adjusted PR of violence. The descriptive analysis of OA occurred among children aged less than 18 years old (n = 896) was performed using the serious work accident records from the Reportable Diseases Information System (SINAN/2008). Indicators of prevalence of child labor and incidence of OA were developed from the PNAD/2008 and SINAN/2008, including the indicators qualifying record. The estimated prevalence of child labor was 12%. Compared with non-workers, children and adolescents workers (or looking for a job) had higher proportion of boys; girls and boys aged 14-17 years; black and brown; lower school attendance and worse housing conditions. The child labor was associated mainly to worse self-reported health (PR = 1.18 p <0.05) and depression (PR=1.37 p <0.05). The estimated prevalence of violence was 13.5/1,000 inhabitants, and depression (PR=4.11 p <0.05), worse self-reported health (PR = 1.63 p <0.05) and working children (PR=1.41 p <0.05) were the main variables associated. The victims of OA in childhood were mainly boys; aged 13 years and over; fast food attendants and sales workers. The health indicators proposed assessed the magnitude and OA risk, pointing to limits and possibilities of the databases. Child labor is a challenge to the State and society that should recognize the social and economic factors that predispose its occurrence. The suggested indicators may contribute to the analysis of the socioeconomic and health dimensions of child labor, to support an Occupational Health Surveillance System in the Country / Doutorado / Epidemiologia / Doutora em Saúde Coletiva

Little is known about the healthcare experiences of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) young adults (ages 18-24) and even less is known about LGB college students (ages 18-24). Helping LGB college students effectively access appropriate, sensitive healthcare has the potential to reduce negative long-term health consequences. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the healthcare experiences of LGB college students (ages 18-24) in the local college community using community-based participatory research (CBPR). Three online synchronous focus groups and one online individual interview were conducted with 19 LGB college students between January and February 2011. The focus groups were segmented into lesbian (n= 7), gay (n= 7), and female bisexual (n = 4) groups. One male bisexual was interviewed individually. The mean age of the sample was 20.7 years (SD = 1.2, range = 19-24). The sample was predominately White non-Hispanic (85%). Qualitative content analysis was used to describe the healthcare experiences of lesbian, gay, and bisexual college students in the local community. One overarching theme (not all the same), one main theme (comfort during the clinical encounter), three sub themes (personalizing the clinical encounter, deciding to disclose and social stigma, and seeking support of self-identified sexual orientation) and one preliminary sub theme (perceived confidentiality) emerged from the analysis. One major action emerged from the analysis and supported the development of the social network site (on Facebook) entitled: College Alliance Towards Community Health (CATCH). The mission of CATCH is to provide LGB college students in the local community with a comfortable forum to learn about various healthcare concerns of lesbian, gay, and bisexual college students. Additional implications for nursing practice and implications for further research in the LGB college community are addressed.

No / Most research on partners' experiences of living with a person with MND is questionnaire-based with no qualitative study focusing on the period between diagnosis and end-of-life care. This study aimed to provide an in-depth qualitative exploration of the experience of living with, and caring for, a partner with MND. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight individuals, and transcripts analysed from an interpretative phenomenological perspective. Two main themes were derived. 'Impact on life' included having concern for partner's safety, having social restrictions, being continually tired, struggling with anger and frustration, loss of intimacy and uncertainty around the future; while 'Adjusting to the situation' included trying to be strong, retaining a sense of normality, appreciation of specialist services, adopting a problem-solving approach, living day to day and ability to remain positive. In conclusion, experiences of stress and loss are illustrated in this sample of partners of those with MND, and it is suggested both these aspects should be integrated into understanding of carers' experiences. Carers appear to inhibit their grief in order to appear strong. Greater understanding of the consequences of this would help in providing appropriate emotional support.

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the Amblyopia and Strabismus Questionnaire (A&SQ) is a suitable instrument for the assessment of vision-related quality-of life (VR-QoL) in individuals with strabismus and/or amblyopia. METHODS: The A&SQ was completed by 102 individuals, all of whom had amblyopia, strabismus, or both. Rasch analysis was used to evaluate the usefulness of individual questionnaire items (i.e., questions); the response-scale performance; how well the items targeted VR-QoL; whether individual items showed response bias, depending on factors such as whether strabismus was present; and dimensionality. RESULTS: Items relating to concerns about the appearance of the eyes were applicable only to those with strabismus, and many items showed large ceiling effects. The response scale showed disordered responses and underused response options, which improved after the number of response options was reduced from five to three. This change improved the discriminative ability of the questionnaire (person separation index increased from 1.98 to 2.11). Significant bias was found between strabismic and nonstrabismic respondents. Separate Rasch analyses conducted for subjects with and without strabismus indicated that all A&SQ items seemed appropriate for individuals with strabismus (Rasch infit values between 0.60 and 1.40), but several items fitted the model poorly in amblyopes without strabismus. The AS&Q was not found to be unidimensional. CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the limitations of the A&SQ instrument in the assessment of VR-QoL in subjects with strabismus and especially in those with amblyopia alone. The results suggest that separate instruments are needed to quantify VR-QoL in amblyopes with and without strabismus.