Yes / Tranquil environments can provide relief from stresses of everyday of life and can be considered restorative environments. This paper considers the effects of “greening” urban environments to enhance tranquillity and ultimately well-being and health benefits. A number of studies have been conducted at the Bradford Centre for Sustainable Environments at the University of Bradford which have examined the effects of natural features on ratings of tranquillity. These include quantifying the effects of the percentage of natural and contextual features and soundscape quality on rated tranquillity. Recently the resulting prediction equation TRAPT (Tranquillity Rating Prediction Tool) has been used to examine a number of scenarios including city parks and squares, country parks and moorland areas and validated using tranquillity ratings made by visitors to these green spaces and their reported levels of relaxation. In this paper TRAPT is used for predicting tranquillity in city squares of different sizes, to examine rated tranquillity behind natural (green) and manufactured noise barriers and to predict changes in urban streets of introducing avenues of trees, hedges and grass verges. Using such scenarios this paper demonstrates how the application of TRAPT can enable changes in tranquillity to be estimated. This can provide planners, environmentalists, civic leaders and concerned citizens with a further tool to guide improvements in the urban environment by “greening” measures and noise reduction of various kinds and to help counter threats such as over development, tree removal or traffic densification that might threaten existing benefits. / Bradford Centre for Sustainable Environments in the Faculty of Engineering and Informatics at the University of Bradford.

This report was about employer branding focusing on health promotion and a good psychosocial work environment at company A. The company and the company’s participants from the interviews are anonymous. The purpose in this report was to see how employees and HR managers at company A perceive the psychosocial work environment, the most important strategies for health promotion and the psychosocial work environment and lastly if there were any solutions to possible challenges? The material came from interviews by employees and HR in other words it was qualitative research. The material resulted in common themes of self-leadership, areas of development, organizational culture,benefits, and network of colleagues. In conclusion all employees thrive and are perceived to be in good health at company A due to good health benefits even if the tempo can be high sometimes. There were some areas that needed improvement such as: increased support from managers to employees, employees wanting to be more involved in decisions, access to further development, and the consequences of working too much from home and self-leadership resulting in decreasing social support, knowledge sharing and as well company culture.

The study explores South African respondents’ attitudes toward game meat and finds the differences between the attitudes of consumer and non-consumer respondents of game meat toward the following attributes of game meat: sensory characteristics; health benefits; game meat production ethics; animal welfare; safety for human consumption; availability; price; promotion; and preparation. This quantitative study determined the attitudes of 1096 consumers and 310 non-consumers of game meat with an online survey using questionnaires. Recruitment was done through social media and e-mail forwarding. The differences in attitudes between consumer and non-consumer respondents were determined using Fishbein’s attitude-toward-the-object model. Based on attitudes toward individual attributes, respondents classified some product attributes as important in their decision to consume, or not to consume, game meat. Respondents indicated that the availability, sensory characteristics, game meat production ethics and health benefits are considered to be important in their consumption of game meat. To market game meat purposefully, the industry should focus on these attributes. / Life and Consumer Sciences / MCS (Life and Consumer Sciences)

MPH / Department of Public Health / See the attached abstract below

De fossila transportrarna har idag en stor negativ påverkan på klimatet genom sina utsläpp av växthusgaser. Växthusgaserna bidrar till den globala uppvärmningen. Sveriges transportsystem är starkt beroende av fossila bränslen. Ett fordon påverkar klimatet under hela dess livscykel. Materialutvinningen, tillverkningen, underhållet, skrotningen och återvinningen har även de en negativ påverkan på klimatet och så även när gator, vägar, parkeringsplatser, flygplatser, byggs och underhålls. Transporterna har även en negativ påverkan på människans hälsa och dess miljö genom utsläpp av luftföroreningar, intrång och buller. För att minska transporternas miljöpåverkan bör vi eftersträva ett mer transporteffektivare samhälle där tillgängligheten kan öka på andra sätt än med bil, lastbil och flyg. Ett effektivt transportmedel som både är miljövänligt, billigt och dessutom hälsosamt är cykeln. Kalmar kommun och Linneuniversitetet har tillsammans genomfört ett samverkansprojekt under 2019 till och med 2021 för att främja hållbara resval. Projektet utformades som ett cykelbibliotek där invånare i Kalmar kommun kunde prova på hur det var att använda en el-lådcykel genom att hyra en i 18 dagar för 500 kronor. Syftet med den här rapporten var att sammanställa och utvärdera projektet cykelbiblioteket samt att undersöka om projektet resulterat i att deltagarna själva har valt att investera i en egen el-lådcykel efteråt och på så vis bidragit till förändrade resvanor. Examensarbetet bestod av en digital enkätundersökning. Frågorna handlade om användande målgrupp, användandet av el-lådcykeln, om deltagaren valt att investera i en egen el-lådcykel, avgörande orsaker till investering i egen el-lådcykel, avgörande orsaker till att man valt att inte investera, resvanor, åsikter om cykelbiblioteket. Resultatet visade att projektet bidrog till förändrade resvanor hos de som valt att investera i en egen cykel. Projektet resulterade i att 3 personer valde att investera i en egen el-lådcykel. Anledningarna till att de valde att göra en investering var viljan att minska sin klimatpåverkan, viljan att få in mer motion i vardagen och för att underlätta transporter i vardagen. Den köpta cykeln ersatte resor med bil dagligen eller flera gånger i veckan. Det var totalt 14 kvinnor och 9 var män som valde att svara på enkäten. Det var främst kvinnor med en relativt hög inkomst i åldern mellan 30–39 år som valde att hyra. De tre som valde att investera i en egen el-lådcykel hade även de en hög inkomst. Resultatet visade även att 59 procent av de svarande bodde i villa. Slutsatsen är att det tar tid att förändra en vana och att projektet bör fortsätta. Över tid kommer troligen fler att välja att investera och om inte annat bidrar cykelbiblioteket ändå till förändrade resvanor även om de bara hyr. Cykelbiblioteket är ett bra alternativ till de som annars kanske inte har råd att göra en egen investering. För att locka fler målgrupper borde de ekonomiska fördelarna lyftas mer i marknadsföring där de jämförs med konventionella fordon. / Fossil fuel transport today has a major negative impact on the climate through its emissions of greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases contribute to global warming. Sweden's transport system is heavily dependent on fossil fuels. A vehicle affects the climate throughout its life cycle. Material extraction, manufacturing, maintenance, scrapping and recycling also have a negative impact on the climate and so also when streets, roads, parking lots, airports, are built and maintained. Transport also has a negative impact on human health and its environment through emissions of air pollution, intrusion and noise. To reduce the environmental impact of transport, we should strive for a more transport-efficient society where accessibility can increase in other ways than by car, truck and air. An efficient means of transport that is both environmentally friendly, cheap and healthy is the bicycle. Kalmar Municipality and Linnaeus University have jointly carried out a collaborative project during 2019 until 2021 to promote sustainable travel choices. The project was designed as a bicycle library where residents of Kalmar municipality could try out what it was like to use an electric box bike by renting one for 18 days for SEK 500. The purpose of this report was to compile and evaluate the bicycle library project and to investigate whether the project has resulted in the participants themselves choosing to invest in their own e-box bike afterwards and thus contributed to changed travel habits. The degree project consisted of a digital survey. The questions were about the use target group, the use of the electric box bike, whether the participant chose to invest in their own electric box bike, decisive reasons for investing in their own electric box bike, decisive reasons for choosing not to invest, travel habits, opinions about the bicycle library. The results showed that the project contributed to changed travel habits among those who chose to invest in their own bike. The project resulted in 3 people choosing to invest in their own electric box bike. The reasons why they chose to make an investment were the desire to reduce their climate transport in everyday life. The purchased bike replaced trips by car daily or several times a week. There was a total of 14 women and 9 men who chose to answer the survey. It was mainly women with a relatively high income aged between 30-39 who chose to rent. The three who chose to invest in their own electric box bike also have a high income. The results also showed that 59 percent of the respondents lived in a villa. The conclusion is that it takes time to change a habit and that the project should continue. Over time, more people will probably choose to invest and if nothing else, the bike library still contributes to changing travel habits even if they only rent. The bicycle library is a good alternative to those who otherwise may not be able to afford to make their own investment. In order to attract more target groups, the economic benefits should be highlighted more in marketing where they are compared with conventional vehicles.

<p>  </p> <p>The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes has increased worldwide over the last decades. Sugar-sweetened beverages are especially problematic in the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Although the proportion of Americans consuming SSB regularly has been steadily declining, added sugar intake still remains above recommendations by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and World Health Organization. However, alternatives to SSB exist on the market. For many years, the primary alternatives to SSB were low-calorie sweetened beverages, with sweetness replacers such as aspartame or sucralose. In recent years, options that are less sweet or unsweetened (instead of alternatively sweetened) have become increasingly available. These less-sweet beverages are available in similar packaging and at similar cost as SSB. Thus, these less-sweet beverages may be ideal options to reduce added sugar in the diet. However, few studies have tested switching consumers from SSB to less-sweet beverages (rather than low-calorie sweetened beverages or plain water), and thus the acceptability and implications of this dietary change are minimally documented. In this work, we tested less sweet soda-like beverages and unsweetened sparkling waters for potential to replace SSB. First, we showed that small reductions in sweetness in cola-flavored sodas are noticeable to individuals, meaning that any switch from SSB to less-sweet options will likely need to be overt to the consumer. Next, we conducted a 12-week intervention with adolescents, which showed that replacing SSBs with unsweetened sparkling waters leads to increased liking of less-sweet sodas and shifts in the ideal level of sweetness towards lower sugar concentrations. Building on these results, our final study shows that even just 2 weeks is enough time to induce these changes in acceptance of less sweetness in sodas, if a consumer prefers the higher concentrations of sugar at the beginning of the intervention (a “sweet liker”). Future studies are needed to evaluate how replacing SSB with less sweet options, leading to shifts in sweetness preference, might influence overall diet and risks for diet-related chronic diseases.</p>

This thesis focuses on the topic: ?The Physical activity of persons with a focus on physician?. In the theoretical part of my thesis, I focus eg. on area history of kinesiology, motor skills and development, factors influencing physical activity or diseases caused by physical inactivity. The practical part of this work is to monitor physical activity among physicians from different sectors.To determine the level of physical activity was chosen IPAQ long for 100 doctors who participated in the monitoring. I selected 30 doctors, who for a week had individually set pedometer and write down your daily physical activity.

Bibliography: leaves 268-317 / The challenge of accessing affordable healthcare services in the developing countries prompted the promotion of community-based health insurance (CBHI) as an effective alternative. CBHI has been implemented in many countries of the South over the last three decades for the purpose of improving access and attaining universal health coverage. However, the sudden stoppage of a CBHI programme in rural Nigeria raised a lot of concerns about the suitability of the health financing scheme. Thus, this thesis examines the stoppage of the CBHI programme in rural Kwara, Nigeria. Premised on the health policy triangle as a conceptual framework, mixed methods approach was adopted for data collection. This involved 12 focus group discussions, 22 in-depth interviews, 32 key informant interviews and 1,583 questionaires. The study participants were community members, community leaders, healthcare providers, policymakers, international partner, health maintenance organisation officials and a researcher. Findings revealed that transnational actors relied on various resources (e.g. fund and ‘expertise’) and formed alliances with local actors to drive the introduction of the programme. As such, the design and implementation of the policy were dominated by international actors. Despite the sustainability challenges faced by the programme, the study found that it benefitted some of the enrolled community members. Though, even at the subsidised amount, enrolment premium was still a challenge for many. The main reasons for the stoppage of the programme are a paucity of fund and poor management. The stoppage of the programme, however, signified a point of reversal in the relative achievements recorded by the CBHI scheme because community members have deserted the healthcare facilities due to high costs of care. In view of these, the thesis notes that short-term policies often lead to temporary outcomes and suggests the need to repurpose the role of the state by introducing a long-term comprehensive healthcare policy – based on the reality of the nation – to provide equitable healthcare services for the citizenry irrespective of their capacity to pay. / Sociology / D. Phil. (Sociology)

No / Aims and objectives To (1) investigate the organisation, provision and practice of oral care in typical UK stroke units; (2) explore stroke survivors', carers' and healthcare professionals' experiences and perceptions about the barriers and facilitators to receiving and undertaking oral care in stroke units. Cerebrovascular disease and oral health are major global health concerns. Little is known about the provision, challenges and practice of oral care in the stroke unit setting, and there are currently no evidence-based practice guidelines. Design Cross-sectional survey of 11 stroke units across Greater Manchester and descriptive qualitative study using focus groups and semi-structured interviews. Methods A self-report questionnaire was used to survey 11 stroke units in Greater Manchester. Data were then collected through two focus groups (n = 10) with healthcare professionals and five semi-structured interviews with stroke survivors and carers. Focus group and interview data were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using framework approach. Results Eleven stroke units in Greater Manchester responded to the survey. Stroke survivors and carers identified a lack of oral care practice and enablement by healthcare professionals. Healthcare professionals identified a lack of formal training to conduct oral care for stroke patients, inconsistency in the delivery of oral care and no set protocols or use of formal oral assessment tools. Conclusion Oral care post-stroke could be improved by increasing healthcare professionals' awareness, understanding and knowledge of the potential health benefits of oral care post-stroke. Further research is required to develop and evaluate the provision of oral care in stroke care to inform evidence-based education and practice.