Magister Public Health - MPH / Ethiopia‟s health extension programme (HEP), which aims to improve access to and extend the coverage of health services in the country, makes use of the „model families‟ approach as a strategy for diffusing desirable health practices in the community. The approach, which emphasises prevention and health promotion, assumes that through training and accreditation „model families‟ will be able to set an example and encourage communities to embrace healthy lifestyles. However, the programme‟s implementation is not progressing at the pace originally envisaged. In addition, factors influencing the implementation of the „model families‟ approach have not, to date, been explored adequately. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the factors hindering or enabling the implementation of the „model families‟ approach as a strategy for improving primary health care (PHC) services in Yelmana-Denssa District (YDD).

Thesis (MPH.) --University of Limpopo, 2019. / Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of adherence to Infection Prevention and Control (IP&C) practices and programs amongst healthcare workers (HCWs) in the neonatal ward at Charlotte Maxeke Central Hospital (CMCH). Methods: Quantitative research was conducted on 57 Clinicians directly providing care to the patients and 5 Health Care Workers indirectly providing care to the patients by means of supporting the environment and logistics where patients are being taken care. Data collection was done using structured questionnaires. Because the population was so small, all available HCWs, who were willing to participate in the study were selected to participate in the study. Furthermore, the SAS statistical software was used to describe and analyse data received from the data collection tools. Results: Two groups of respondents participated in the study which were (n=57) who in the neonatal ward at CMCH and Health Care Workers (n=5), most of the clinicians were having 1 – 4 years’ experience working in the neonatal unit at 54.6% followed by 5 – 9 years at 21.8%. Participants were in the age group ≤ 30 years at 39.3% followed by 31 – 40 years (32.1%) and least being at ≥ 51 years (5.4%). Clinicians included 46% of professional nurses, 28.6% Auxiliary Nursing Assistant, 16.1% student nurses and 8.9% medical doctors. The findings revealed that there are some areas where there’s inconsistent in using gloves when anticipating exposure to blood or body fluids, drying of hands after washing and removing jewellery during clinical care among clinicians particularly doctors, professional nurses and student nurses about IPC practices during clinical care. In Conclusion: There was inadequate compliance with IPC standards and there’s a need for regular trainings to improve the knowledge about IPCs and awareness of its importance among clinicians and health care workers in the neonatal unit. The IPC committee need to be revitalized by the hospital management to be able to undertake its mandate. Furthermore, the Hospital administration should provide copies of IPPC policy Guidelines in all wards/units and ensure effective implementation through vi constant supervision and adequate supplies and conduct regular audits to enhance compliance and implementation of IPPC policy. The study concluded that there was inadequate compliance with IPC and there’s a need for regular trainings to improve the knowledge about IPCs and awareness of its importance among clinicians and health care workers in the neonatal unit.

This study investigated the implementation of the roll back malaria (RBM) programme at household and at health post levels and examined factors that negatively impact on malaria prevention and control activities. Quantitative, descriptive, analytic crosssectional research, guided by the conceptual framework of the Health Belief Model, was conducted. Structured interviews were conducted with 857 women (for the household survey in phase 1) and 53 health extension workers (HEWs) in phase 2 of the study, in nine malaria endemic districts of Sidama Zone, southern Ethiopia. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20. The study’s findings indicate that 53.3% (n=457) of the household respondents and 24.5% (n=13) of the HEWs had low levels of overall malaria-related knowledge. Household respondents aged 25-34 years, (p<0.01); regularly received malaria-related information, (p<0.001) and the less poor women (p<0.001) had good levels of knowledge. Of the households, 38.9% (n=333) reported poor RBM practices. Wealth, knowledge, perceived threat of malaria and perceived benefits of implementing malaria preventive measures were positively associated with good RBM practices. Indoor residual spraying (63.6%; 422 out of 664), consistent use of insecticide treated bed nets (51.6%; 368 out of 713), and environmental sanitation (38.6%; 331 out of 857) were the most commonly implemented malaria prevention strategies in the study area. Out of the 252 reported malaria cases, 53.6% (n=135) occurred among children under five years of age who also comprised 50.0% (n=16) of 32 reported malaria-related deaths. The RBM practices were poorly implemented in the study area despite malaria prevention and control efforts. Slow progress in behavioural changes among household members, lack of transportation services for referring malaria patients, lack of support given to HEWs and lack of feedback and supervision from higher level health care facilities were identified as potential challenges facing RBM implementation in the study area. Future efforts need to focus on effective behavioural changes based on intervention studies and regular monitoring of the RBM programme. The workloads of the HEWs should also be reconsidered and lay health educators should be used more effectively. Health posts should always have sufficient anti-malaria drugs and other resource such as rapid diagnostic kits. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

This study investigated the implementation of the roll back malaria (RBM) programme at household and at health post levels and examined factors that negatively impact on malaria prevention and control activities. Quantitative, descriptive, analytic crosssectional research, guided by the conceptual framework of the Health Belief Model, was conducted. Structured interviews were conducted with 857 women (for the household survey in phase 1) and 53 health extension workers (HEWs) in phase 2 of the study, in nine malaria endemic districts of Sidama Zone, southern Ethiopia. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20. The study’s findings indicate that 53.3% (n=457) of the household respondents and 24.5% (n=13) of the HEWs had low levels of overall malaria-related knowledge. Household respondents aged 25-34 years, (p<0.01); regularly received malaria-related information, (p<0.001) and the less poor women (p<0.001) had good levels of knowledge. Of the households, 38.9% (n=333) reported poor RBM practices. Wealth, knowledge, perceived threat of malaria and perceived benefits of implementing malaria preventive measures were positively associated with good RBM practices. Indoor residual spraying (63.6%; 422 out of 664), consistent use of insecticide treated bed nets (51.6%; 368 out of 713), and environmental sanitation (38.6%; 331 out of 857) were the most commonly implemented malaria prevention strategies in the study area. Out of the 252 reported malaria cases, 53.6% (n=135) occurred among children under five years of age who also comprised 50.0% (n=16) of 32 reported malaria-related deaths. The RBM practices were poorly implemented in the study area despite malaria prevention and control efforts. Slow progress in behavioural changes among household members, lack of transportation services for referring malaria patients, lack of support given to HEWs and lack of feedback and supervision from higher level health care facilities were identified as potential challenges facing RBM implementation in the study area. Future efforts need to focus on effective behavioural changes based on intervention studies and regular monitoring of the RBM programme. The workloads of the HEWs should also be reconsidered and lay health educators should be used more effectively. Health posts should always have sufficient anti-malaria drugs and other resource such as rapid diagnostic kits. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

Le patient acteur dans la prise en charge du cancer: attentes normatives et travail du malade. Dans un contexte d’humanisation des soins valorisant la figure de l’individu acteur de sa santé, la présente thèse interroge les positionnements des malades touchés par le cancer et des accompagnants dans la prise en charge et le vécu de cette pathologie (professionnels soignants et proches) sur ce « devenir acteur » de la maladie. Elle met en évidence le travail de gestion de la maladie réalisé par les individus touchés, en analysant notamment comment ils composent avec les dimensions incertaines de l’expérience du cancer. Elle montre également que les considérations éthiques de « droit à l’information », de patient « associé aux décisions » ou encore « au cœur de la prise en charge » et la politique de lutte contre le cancer axée sur une « éducation sanitaire » contribuent à faire émerger des attentes normatives qui pèsent sur les malades. Au travers de quatre temps de la maladie – la découverte et l’annonce du cancer, la période des traitements, le vécu de la rémission et les trajectoires de fin de vie -, elle interroge plus spécifiquement les écarts entre les rôles attendus ou prescrits et les rôles effectivement endossés, les stratégies de coopération, de négociation ou de résistance entre les acteurs et les éléments qui fondent les prises de décision des malades et leur engagement dans les actions qu’ils mènent pour faire face au cancer au quotidien. Le questionnement sous-jacent porte ainsi sur les actions et stratégies entreprises par les acteurs touchés pour tenter de maitriser une trajectoire de maladie marquée par l’incertitude et sur la manière dont ces dernières s’intègrent – ou non – dans les attentes portées sur « l’individu acteur de sa santé et de sa maladie ». / The patient actor in the management of cancer : normative expectations and patient workIn the context of a humanisation of care that enhances the figure of the individual as an actor in his or her health, this thesis questions the positioning of patients affected by cancer and their caregivers and close relatives in the care and experience of this pathology from the point of view of their "becoming actor". It highlights the disease management work done by the affected individuals, notably by analyzing how they deal with the uncertain dimensions of the experience of cancer. It also shows how the ethical considerations of the "right to information", the patient "associated with decisions" or even "at the heart of care" and the fight against cancer policy centered on "health education" contribute to bring to the foreground normative expectations that weigh on the sick. Through four stages of the disease - the discovery and announcement of cancer, the treatment period, the experience of remission and end-of-life trajectories - it more specifically examines the differences between the expected and prescribed roles and the roles effectively endorsed, the strategies of cooperation, negotiation or resistance between the actors and the elements that underpin the decision-making of the patients and their commitment to the actions they take to face cancer on a daily basis. The underlying questioning thus focuses on the actions and strategies undertaken by the actors affected in an attempt to control a trajectory of illness marked by uncertainty and how the latter integrate - or not the expectations of " the individual actor of his health and his disease ".

<p>The appeal of Allport&rsquo / s Contact Hypothesis lies in the simplicity of its core principle, which holds that contact between different groups may serve to reduce prejudices. Contact needs to meet key conditions, i.e. equal power, cooperation towards a common goal and institutional support. Support has been found for the Contact Hypothesis in its original form and for those contacts which fail to meet the specified conditions. This study sought to explore whether contact, in forms different to those traditionally defined by the Contact Hypothesis, i.e. exposure, had any bearing on group prejudice. The prejudice and its underlying negative attitudes of interest, were those informed by HIV and AIDS stigma. HIV and AIDS stigma, defined as a discrediting quality and informed by social processes, is of particular concern as it impedes prevention, treatment and care efforts in South Africa&rsquo / s response to the HIV and AIDS epidemic. The health care context is often an area where Persons Living with HIV (PLHIV) are confronted with HIV and AIDS stigma. The research aims were thus to explore the extent of HIV and AIDS stigma amongst health care workers, the forms of exposure to PLHIV and the relationship between exposure and HIV and AIDS stigma. A quantitative, survey design was employed to accomplish these aims and to test formulated hypotheses, which were based on current literature and the core principle of the Contact Hypothesis. The sample consisted of 202 health care workers in the Cape Town metropole. Data analyses revealed the existence of low to moderate levels of HIV and AIDS stigma and also found that most of the sample had exposure to PLHIV in either its individual forms or overall form. Bivariate correlations revealed negative relationships between forms of exposure, overall exposure and stigma.</p>

<p>The appeal of Allport&rsquo / s Contact Hypothesis lies in the simplicity of its core principle, which holds that contact between different groups may serve to reduce prejudices. Contact needs to meet key conditions, i.e. equal power, cooperation towards a common goal and institutional support. Support has been found for the Contact Hypothesis in its original form and for those contacts which fail to meet the specified conditions. This study sought to explore whether contact, in forms different to those traditionally defined by the Contact Hypothesis, i.e. exposure, had any bearing on group prejudice. The prejudice and its underlying negative attitudes of interest, were those informed by HIV and AIDS stigma. HIV and AIDS stigma, defined as a discrediting quality and informed by social processes, is of particular concern as it impedes prevention, treatment and care efforts in South Africa&rsquo / s response to the HIV and AIDS epidemic. The health care context is often an area where Persons Living with HIV (PLHIV) are confronted with HIV and AIDS stigma. The research aims were thus to explore the extent of HIV and AIDS stigma amongst health care workers, the forms of exposure to PLHIV and the relationship between exposure and HIV and AIDS stigma. A quantitative, survey design was employed to accomplish these aims and to test formulated hypotheses, which were based on current literature and the core principle of the Contact Hypothesis. The sample consisted of 202 health care workers in the Cape Town metropole. Data analyses revealed the existence of low to moderate levels of HIV and AIDS stigma and also found that most of the sample had exposure to PLHIV in either its individual forms or overall form. Bivariate correlations revealed negative relationships between forms of exposure, overall exposure and stigma.</p>

Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / The appeal of Allport's Contact Hypothesis lies in the simplicity of its core principle, which holds that contact between different groups may serve to reduce prejudices. Contact needs to meet key conditions, i.e. equal power, cooperation towards a common goal and institutional support. Support has been found for the Contact Hypothesis in its original form and for those contacts which fail to meet the specified conditions. This study sought to explore whether contact, in forms different to those traditionally defined by the Contact Hypothesis, i.e. exposure, had any bearing on group prejudice. The prejudice and its underlying negative attitudes of interest, were those informed by HIV and AIDS stigma. HIV and AIDS stigma, defined as a discrediting quality and informed by social processes, is of particular concern as it impedes prevention, treatment and care efforts in South Africa's response to the HIV and AIDS epidemic. The health care context is often an area where Persons Living with HIV (PLHIV) are confronted with HIV and AIDS stigma. The research aims were thus to explore the extent of HIV and AIDS stigma amongst health care workers, the forms of exposure to PLHIV and the relationship between exposure and HIV and AIDS stigma. A quantitative, survey design was employed to accomplish these aims and to test formulated hypotheses, which were based on current literature and the core principle of the Contact Hypothesis. The sample consisted of 202 health care workers in the Cape Town metropole. Data analyses revealed the existence of low to moderate levels of HIV and AIDS stigma and also found that most of the sample had exposure to PLHIV in either its individual forms or overall form. Bivariate correlations revealed negative relationships between forms of exposure, overall exposure and stigma. / South Africa

This study is refered to the meanings attributed to PAD on oneâs eight workers side who joined the interdisciplinary team, active in the refered program established in Fortaleza, CearÃ. The research has theoric basis in the qualitative method and the semi-structured interview. The Dejours ideas, concerning about work psychodynamic, and its connection with the workers psychological pleasure and suffering, based the comprehension of its contents work psychodynamic, and it made real trough. The subjects were male and female, genders ages between 29 and 45 years old, and they joined PAD team for more than a year. The interviews were transcripled and analyzed, highlighting questions according to several dataâs, longing for understand them. His discoveries, that donât apply to generalizations, are abridged on final consideration, where it also highlighted that their results showed, that PAD means to these workers a strategy, of acting that works as inducer agent and life and health, producer in an interdisciplinary approach, that cause the rise of âlivesâ quality under its monitoration, providing the financial costs racionalization to CAFAZ, in a view of current health, hegemonic and centerhospital. The research participants, recognize the existence of situations, that cause pleasure and suffering in the work developed at PAD, and admit that is necessary, to be developed better politics of Human Resources in Organization, that can, intervene in suffering situation of PAD team, to aim at reduce it and potencialize the experiences of pleasure at work. / Este estudo tratou sobre os significados atribuÃdos ao Programa de Atendimento Domiciliar - PAD, da Caixa de AssistÃncia aos FazendÃrios Estaduais - CAFAZ, por parte de oito trabalhadores que integravam a equipe interdisciplinar atuante no citado programa instaurado em Fortaleza, no CearÃ. A pesquisa teve fundamentaÃÃo no mÃtodo qualitativo e na tÃcnica de entrevista semi-estruturada. As idÃias de Dejours, concernentes à psicodinÃmica do trabalho e sua relaÃÃo com o prazer e o sofrimento psÃquico dos trabalhadores, subsidiaram a anÃlise dos dados e fundamentaram a compreensÃo de seus conteÃdos. Os sujeitos foram dos gÃneros masculino e feminino, com idades entre 29 a 45 anos, e integravam a equipe do PAD hà mais de um ano. As entrevistas foram transcritas e analisadas, destacando-se questÃes recorrentes a anÃlise dos fatores de entrave e facilitaÃÃo no trabalho por eles indicados, ao conhecimento das atividades desenvolvidas por esses profissionais, segundo Ãs suas percepÃÃes, e a avaliaÃÃo dos conteÃdos emocionais instigados, por conta do atendimento domiciliar, em meio aos dados plurais, almejando-se decifrÃ-los. Suas descobertas, que nÃo se aplicam a generalizaÃÃes, foram resumidas nas consideraÃÃes finais, onde tambÃm se destacou, que o PAD como um agente idutor e produtor de vida e saÃde, dentro de um enfoque interdisciplinar e que produz a elevaÃÃo da qualidade das "vidas" sob sua monitoraÃÃo, proporcionando a racionalizaÃÃo dos custos financeiros para a CAFAZ. Os resultados do estudo mostraram que existem nexos entre os objetivos especÃficos e as descobertas da pesquisa, como tambÃm, que os membros do PAD consideram, que à preciso desenvolver melhores polÃticas de Recursos Humanos na OrganizaÃÃo, as quais possam minimizar o sofrimento psÃquico destes profissionais e potencializar suas vivÃncias de prazer no trabalho

(in English): My thesis refers to social work in hospitals through the eyes of helping professions in the territory of the Prague capital. The thesis is more specifically related to the health-social work which is considered a subdiscipline of social work. The aim of the thesis is to obtain the view of the employees of the assisting professions who work in hospitals on social work and, as such, work of health-social employees. The entire thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part introduces readers to the profession of social work, its ethics and values. This part presents the social worker, his qualifications and job description. Next, it deals with the quality of social work and shortly presents Quality Standards of social services and provides the insight into the historical background of social work. The second chapter deals with social work in the health sector, its legislative framework, health-social worker - his qualifications, job description and competences. The end part of the second chapter provides an inspiration from abroad respectively from the United States of America and Finland. Chapter three covers assisting professions, their definitions, divisions, characteristics and job descriptions of different professions. In the next chapter we can...