Pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva, com 53 trabalhadores de enfermagem de uma Unidade Hospitalar Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Tem como objetivo geral: analisar a percepção dos trabalhadores de enfermagem em uma Unidade Materno-Infantil sobre suas condições de trabalho, riscos ocupacionais e problemas de saúde, através dos objetivos específicos: (1) descrever as condições de trabalho da Unidade em estudo; (2) levantar os fatores relativos às condições de trabalho que possam expor os trabalhadores a riscos e ao adoecimento; (3) verificar se os trabalhadores consideram adequados às condições de trabalho à sua saúde. Para atender aos objetivos foram utilizados questionários aplicados com trabalhadores e gerência do Serviço. A coleta dos dados foi realizada entre maio e agosto de 2007. Os dados foram apurados através dos programas Windows e Excell, em banco de dados, com freqüência absoluta, relativa, e percentuais demonstrados em tabelas e gráficos. Evidenciou-se que os trabalhadores de enfermagem são, em sua maioria, do sexo feminino, de faixa etária jovem (20 a 39 anos), realizando dupla ou tripla jornada de trabalho, privando-se do convívio familiar e, de ter bons hábitos de saúde em função de tempo. Na sua percepção, o trabalho é penoso, o ambiente os expõe a fatores de risco e condições inadequadas que resultam em problemas de saúde e índices de absenteísmo elevado (35%). Foram sugeridas medidas com objetivo de minimizar e/ou eliminar os riscos existentes, melhoria das condições de trabalho, de modo a contribuir para a saúde destes trabalhadores de enfermagem. / Descriptive quantitative research with 53 nursing workers at a Federal Hospital Unit in Rio de Janeiro. Its main aim: to analyze the nursing workers perception of their working conditions, occupational hazards and health problems, through specific objectives: (1) to describe the working conditions of the analyzed Unit; (2) to assess the factors related to the working conditions that may expose the workers to risks and to their sickening; (3) to check if the workers consider the working conditions adequate to their health. In order to suit the objectives, questionnaires were applied to the workers and to the management of the service. The assessment of the data was fulfilled from May to August 207. The data were analyzed using the operational system Microsoft Windows and the software Microsoft Excel, in a data bank, with absolute, relative and perceptual frequency presented in charts and graphics. It became evident that the nursing workers are mostly women, of young age (from 20 to 39 years old), working double or triple working shifts, depriving themselves from family life, and from having good health habits due to lack of time. They feel work is troublesome, that the working place exposes them to risk factors and inadequate conditions that result in health problems and high absenteeism index (35%). Measures to minimize and/or eliminate the existing risks and to improve the working conditions were suggested in order to contribute to the health of these nursing workers.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:47:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1147045 bytes, checksum: 8edeb045cdd3175a2196b1ee452d581d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Evidence problems related to aging involves dimensions and socio-economic policies, among them, contrasts out social security and health policies with emphasis of the health of the elderly, although one dimension and another are deeply interconnected. Regarding the health of the elderly, it s important to understand the interrelationship between this health and the aging as it is represented and experienced by the elderly constituting the center of interest of this study. Therefore this study has the objectives to know the social representations on aging and health problems for the elderly and identify self-reported by the elderly. This is a study of mixed approach (quantitative and qualitative) conducted with 714 elderly residents in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. Data collection was conducted from an interview and tests of the Free Word Association with the inductive term: aging and health. Data obtained from interviews were statistically analyzed from a bivariate analysis of the data: information collected by Test Free Word Association was organized in a corpus and analyzed with the help of software Alceste: 10. The population studies is characterized in being mid-young , predominantly female, married, with a monthly income of a minimum wage, with the level of basic education and frequenter of the Health System and the elderly with incomes of minimum wage are functionally independent. The association of self-reported diseases with the Katz analysis by the chi-square test revealed that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was the variable of significance. Thus, it is showed that the onset of these diseases in the elderly may be related to socioeconomic, cultural and biological aspects. They represent aging and health with more negative contents which has notably influenced the adoption of health practices healthy. The results reinforce the need for special attention to the elderly population, based on the principles of the Health System, seeking comprehensive care. / Evidenciar problemas relacionados ao envelhecimento envolve dimensões politicas e socio-econômicas, dentre estas, destacam-se segurança social e políticas de saúde com ênfase à saúde da pessoa idosa, embora uma e outra dimensão estejam profundamente interligadas. No tocante a saúde da pessoa idosa é importante se entender a interrelação entre a referida saúde e o envelhecimento tal como ela é representada e vivenciada pelos idosos constituindo o centro de interesse deste estudo. Para tanto este estudo tem os objetivos de conhecer as representações sociais sobre envelhecimento e saúde para idosos e identificar problemas autorreferidos por idosos. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem mista (quantitativa e qualitativa) realizado com 714 idosos residentes no município de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de uma entrevista e do Teste da Associação Livre de Palavras, com o termo indutor: envelhecimento e saúde. Os dados obtidos da entrevista foram analisados estatisticamente a partir de uma análise bivariada dos dados; as informações coletadas pelo Teste da Associação Livre de Palavras foram organizadas em um corpus e analisadas com o auxilio do software Alceste, versão: 10. A população estudada caracteriza-se em ser de idosos jovens, predominantemente feminina, casadas, com renda mensal de um salário mínimo, com nível de escolaridade básica e frequentadora do Sistema Único de Saúde e os idosos com renda de um salário mínimo são funcionalmente independentes. A associação das doenças autorreferidas com o índice de Katz através da análise do teste do Qui-quadrado, revelou que a doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) foi a variável de significância. Dessa forma, salienta-se que o aparecimento dessas doenças em idosos poderá estar relacionado às condições socioeconômicas, culturais e aos aspectos biológicos. Os mesmos representam envelhecimento e saúde com conteúdos mais negativos o que notadamente tem influenciado na adoção de práticas de saúde saudáveis. Os resultados reforçam a necessidade de uma atenção à população idosa, pautada nos princípios do Sistema de Saúde, visando a integralidade da assistência.

Pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva, com 53 trabalhadores de enfermagem de uma Unidade Hospitalar Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Tem como objetivo geral: analisar a percepção dos trabalhadores de enfermagem em uma Unidade Materno-Infantil sobre suas condições de trabalho, riscos ocupacionais e problemas de saúde, através dos objetivos específicos: (1) descrever as condições de trabalho da Unidade em estudo; (2) levantar os fatores relativos às condições de trabalho que possam expor os trabalhadores a riscos e ao adoecimento; (3) verificar se os trabalhadores consideram adequados às condições de trabalho à sua saúde. Para atender aos objetivos foram utilizados questionários aplicados com trabalhadores e gerência do Serviço. A coleta dos dados foi realizada entre maio e agosto de 2007. Os dados foram apurados através dos programas Windows e Excell, em banco de dados, com freqüência absoluta, relativa, e percentuais demonstrados em tabelas e gráficos. Evidenciou-se que os trabalhadores de enfermagem são, em sua maioria, do sexo feminino, de faixa etária jovem (20 a 39 anos), realizando dupla ou tripla jornada de trabalho, privando-se do convívio familiar e, de ter bons hábitos de saúde em função de tempo. Na sua percepção, o trabalho é penoso, o ambiente os expõe a fatores de risco e condições inadequadas que resultam em problemas de saúde e índices de absenteísmo elevado (35%). Foram sugeridas medidas com objetivo de minimizar e/ou eliminar os riscos existentes, melhoria das condições de trabalho, de modo a contribuir para a saúde destes trabalhadores de enfermagem. / Descriptive quantitative research with 53 nursing workers at a Federal Hospital Unit in Rio de Janeiro. Its main aim: to analyze the nursing workers perception of their working conditions, occupational hazards and health problems, through specific objectives: (1) to describe the working conditions of the analyzed Unit; (2) to assess the factors related to the working conditions that may expose the workers to risks and to their sickening; (3) to check if the workers consider the working conditions adequate to their health. In order to suit the objectives, questionnaires were applied to the workers and to the management of the service. The assessment of the data was fulfilled from May to August 207. The data were analyzed using the operational system Microsoft Windows and the software Microsoft Excel, in a data bank, with absolute, relative and perceptual frequency presented in charts and graphics. It became evident that the nursing workers are mostly women, of young age (from 20 to 39 years old), working double or triple working shifts, depriving themselves from family life, and from having good health habits due to lack of time. They feel work is troublesome, that the working place exposes them to risk factors and inadequate conditions that result in health problems and high absenteeism index (35%). Measures to minimize and/or eliminate the existing risks and to improve the working conditions were suggested in order to contribute to the health of these nursing workers.

Background: Since athletes are often perceived as unbreakable, their mental health problems might be bypassed or denigrated by their coach, peers or even by the media. However, athletes are as, if not more, susceptible to mental health problems as anyone else. As the media continues to be the primary source of information, the way in which the media portrays mental health problems can affect how people perceive and regard them. In this research, I examined how Finnish elite athletes with mental health problems are portrayed in the Finnish news websites by qualitatively analyzing eight articles of four Finnish athletes, two former and two current. Furthermore, I compared the articles with one another in order to study the eventual differences between each article’s portrayal of the athletes’ mental health problems. Method: This analysis was conducted by applying a narrative discourse schema to the selected eight articles, which enabled me to examine both the structures of the articles as well as the underlying discourses and social context. Results: Nearly all of the articles are framed from the athlete’s point of view in terms of including more citations from the athlete than comments from the journalist. Furthermore, none of the articles regarded mental health problems among athletes in general, but rather portrayed each case as a single incident. Male athletes with a depressive disorder were complimented far more compared to female athletes. Moreover, female athletes eating disorder and anxiety were often associated with appearance and pressure regarding their sports career. Conclusion: The way in which athletes with mental health problems are portrayed in the Finnish news websites can be interpreted in two ways. Firstly, they can be perceived as hopeful recovery stories from the athletes perspective, as they portray how successful athletes can also develop mental health problems and still continue their career. Secondly, by not addressing the problem as a whole nor including any factual information in any of the articles indicates the journalists lack knowledge and/or apathy about the issue, and that it is a difficult subject to portray acceptably.

Bakgrund: Personer med psykisk ohälsa har ofta även en somatisk samsjuklighet. Forskning har visat att patienter med psykisk ohälsa ofta upplever sig orättvist behandlade och missförstådda när de söker somatisk vård. Ett bra bemötande är en förutsättning för skapandet av en vårdande relation vilket utgör grunden för en god omvårdnad. Bemötandet har även betydelse för patientens hälsa, följsamhet för behandling och upplevelse av vården. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa faktorer av betydelse för bemötandet av patienter med psykisk ohälsa inom somatisk vård ur sjuksköterskans perspektiv. Metod: En litteraturstudie som baserades på 15 vetenskapliga artiklar. Såväl kvantitativa som kvalitativa artiklar inkluderades. Sökningar gjordes i databaserna PubMed och Cinahl. Resultat: I resultatet framkom att faktorer som hade betydelse för bemötandet kunde delas in i tre teman: attityder, faktorer kopplade till patientmötet och faktorer kopplade till organisation. Såväl positiva som negativa attityder till patienter med psykisk ohälsa framkom. Faktorer som kunde kopplas till patientmötet var oro och rädsla, komplex kommunikation, samt otillräcklig kompetens. Faktorer som koppades till organisationen var miljö, tid och resurser, stöd samt prioritering av somatisk vård. Slutsats: Slutsatser som kan dras av studien är att det finns ett antal olika faktorer som kan ha betydelse för bemötandet, samt att det finns utrymme för förbättringar. Viktiga förbättringsområden som framkom är sjuksköterskors attityder och kompetens. Resultatet tyder även på att organisationen inom den somatiska vården inte är anpassad för vård och bemötande av patienter med psykisk ohälsa. / Background: People with mental health problems often have a somatic comorbidity. Research shows that patients with mental health problems often experience that they are treated unfairly and being misunderstood when seeking somatic care. Good encountering is a prerequisite for the creation of a caring relationship which forms the foundation for good care. Encountering also affect the patient's health, compliance, and experience of care. Aim: The aim was to illuminate factors of significance for the encountering of patients with mental health problems in somatic care from nurse’s perspective. Method: A literature review based on 15 articles with both quantitative and qualitative design. Searches were made in the databases PubMed and Cinahl. Result: Factors of significance for encountering could be divided into three themes: attitudes, factors related to the patient meeting and factors related to organization. Both positive and negative attitudes to patients with mental health emerged. Factors related to the patient meeting were anxiety and fear, complex communication, and insufficient skills. Factors related to organization were environment, time and resources, support and prioritization of somatic care. Conclusion: Conclusions that may be drawn from this study are that several different factors may be relevant to encountering, and that there is room for improvement. Important areas of improvement that emerged are nurse´s attitudes and competence. The result also indicates that the organization within somatic care is not adapted to the care and encountering of patients with mental health problems.

Stepped care is designed to provide mental health treatment in the most effective and efficient way. It aims to provide patients with low intensity interventions in the first instance and only move onto high intensity treatments if outcome is not 'successful'. However, there is a paucity of research about how health professionals make decisions about treatment and the experiences of patients within this decision-making process. Using a multi-method approach, this study aimed to explore health professional and patient decision-making in stepped care for anxiety and depression. 24 health professional interviews from three stepped care sites were conducted, which included the completion of an active information search (AIS) think-aloud task. In addition, 14 patients were interviewed about their experiences of decision-making whilst being managed within stepped care model. Qualitative interview data was analysed using the principles of Framework analysis, while some of the data collected in the AIS think-aloud task lent itself to quantitative analysis.This study revealed that three core tensions exist when making decisions within the stepped care model. These are 1. The notion of standardisation of outcomes versus the individual needs of patients; 2. The public health orientation of stepped care versus the therapeutic orientation of health professionals and; 3. The rhetoric about patient choices versus the realities of shared decision-making in a resource-limited system.The complexity of decision-making within the stepped care model was highlighted. The success of stepped care relies on ensuring that there is an adequate workforce to deliver the intended interventions, where this is not present health professionals are faced with difficult decisions and it is clear that those most affected are the less-experienced frontline workers. Scarcity of resources impacts heavily upon the decisions that are made. This can have a substantial impact upon variability in treatment decisions and on the ability to allow for patient choice to be incorporated. Decisions that are made for a patient are influenced by the need to provide them with the treatment that they want (which may not be regarded as what they need within the stepped care model nor necessarily by the health professional) and the capacity of the service. The problem that exists with primary care mental health is that the current demands exceed capacity. Optimal patient care is, in part, traded off by the need to meet the demands of the service. Improving the flexibility of the service may be one solution to the problem and adopting a stratified/stepped care approach might help to resolve some of the tensions and help to relieve some of the capacity issues.

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Good vocal health is a vital concern for those people who use the voice in a professional capacity, such as teachers, singers, actors, clergymen, and lawyers. Research in the area of vocal health reveals the need to determine if specific exercises are beneficial to the voice and if exercises used to train the singing voice might be beneficial to alleviate pathological and/or dysfunctional voice disorders. The purpose of this study was to describe the response of a variety of pathological voices to a selected set of singing exercises. Subjects were selected from the private practice of cooperating physicians who felt that the vocal instruction and exercise program might be helpful to the teachers, students, professional "pop" singers, and housewife-singers who were diagnosed to have muscle tension dysphonia, nodules, recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, or iatrogenic dysphonia. Instrumentation for assessing conditions before, during, and after exercise included a brief case history, subject interviews, attending physicians' medical charts, flexible fiberoptic video nasolaryngoscopy, video cassette recorder and video tape segments, three physician/observers, and a specific diagnostic procedure which provided a method of assessing organic, functional, and perceptual variables. For the exercise program the researcher chose seven vocalises from the routine designed by Allan R. Lindquest, whose techniques combined those of the Italian school with those of Swedish studios which produced such singers as Flagstad and Bjoerling. The seven vocalises included a warm up "massage" and exercises for separation and blending of the registers, vowel clarity and modification, tone focus, vocal attack, and flexibility. Since all the subjects showed improvement after exercise in the vocal conditions observed in this study, these vocalises and technique may be helpful to alleviate pathological conditions and/or dysfunctional behavior in other subjects. The researcher further suggests that the voice profession investigate the efficiency of other techniques, exercises, and musical vocalises which might bring about positive changes in vocal conditions and behavior.