Darbo tikslas: įvertinti studentų darbo su kompiuteriu ergonomines sąlygas bei nusiskundimus sveikata. Darbo uždaviniai: nustatyti studentų naudojimosi kompiuteriu stažą, vidutinę darbo su kompiuteriu trukmę ir įvertinti kompiuterinę įrangą; nustatyti, kaip studentai vertina savo darbo su kompiuteriu vietą, išsiaiškinti dažniausias darbo vietos ergonomines problemas; įvertinti studentų sveikatos nusiskundimus dirbant kompiuteriu ir nustatyti ryšį tarp darbo vietos bei laiko praleisto prie kompiuterio ir juntamų sveikatos nusiskundimų; įvertinti studentų subjektyvią sveikatą. Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Tyrimas buvo atliktas 2011 metais Kauno mieste. Tiriamųjų grupę sudarė Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto, medicinos, odontologijos bei visuomenės sveikatos fakultetų studentai. Buvo išdalinta 300 anketų, o grąžinta 258 anketos. Tyrimo atsako dažnumas buvo 86 proc. Duomenys buvo kaupiami programoje Excel. Matematinė statistinė analizė atlikta naudojant programą SPSS 18.0, rezultatai laikyti statistiškai reikšmingais kai p<0,05. Tyrimo Rezultatai: Studentai vidutiniškai naudojasi kompiuteriu 10 metų: apie 11 metų vyrai ir apie 9 metus moterys. Per dieną tiek vyrai, tiek moterys vidutiniškai praleidžia po 3,32 valandas. Apie 82 proc. studentų dirbdami kompiuteriu daro pertraukas, tačiau dirbantys ne ilgiau nei 1 valandą per dieną, pertraukas daro retai. Studentai dažniausiai naudojasi ne senesniais nei 8 metai, 15 colių įstrižainės nešiojamaisiais kompiuteriais. Dažniausios... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of the study: to evaluate student‘s work with computer ergonomic conditions and health issues. Objectives of the research: to rate student’s computer experience, the average duration of working with the computers and evaluate computer software, determine how students assess their computer work place, to identify the most common workplace ergonomic issues and assess the health problems of students working with the computers and to establish a ratio between the workplace and time spent working with the computer and perceived health complaints. Material and methods. The study was performed in 2011 in Kaunas. The group consisted of the students of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. 300 questionnaires were distributed and 258 returned. The study response rate was 86 %. Data were collected in Microsoft Excel. Mathematical analysis was performed using the statistical program SPSS 18.0 for windows, the results were statistically significant at p <0.05. Results of the study. Average experience of computer use among students was 10 years: 11 years among men and 9 years among women. Both genders approximately work with computer 3.32 hours per day. About 82 % of the students make intervals during work with computer. Most students use not older than 8 years, 15 inch laptops. The most common computer work station ergonomic problems related with the work chair, reflections on the screen and desktop space and height. 91 % of the students thought that work with computer effects... [to full text]

Įvadas. Pastarųjų metų Lietuvos ir Europos tyrimai rodo, kad psichologinė įtampa ir distresas darbe sukelia vis daugiau sveikatos sutrikimų bei įtakoja ligų atsiradimą. Darbo tikslas. Nustatyti sąsajas tarp medicinos darbuotojų psichosocialinių darbo aplinkos veiksnių ir savo sveikatos vertinimo. Tyrimo metodika. Tyrime iš viso dalyvavo 278 sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų darbuotojai. Iš jų 121 gydytojas ir 157 bendrosios praktikos slaugytojos. Tyrimas atliktas anoniminės apklausos būdu 2011 metų vasario - birželio mėnesiais. Naudojome standartizuotą Lietuvoje adaptuotą švedų klausimyną pagal Karaseką – reikalavimai, kontrolė, socialinė parama. Duomenų analizei naudotos programos SPSS 14,0 ir MS Word. Rezultatai. Kauno miesto sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų bendrosios praktikos slaugytojos (55,4 proc.) statistiškai reikšmingai dažniau patyrė įtampą darbe nei gydytojai (35,5 proc.) (p<0,001). Nustatytas statistiškai reikšmingas ryšys tarp aukšto arterinio kraujo spaudimo ir savo sveikatos vertinimo. 46,3 proc. (p=0,01) gydytojų turėjo aukštą arterinį kraujospūdį ir savo sveikatą įvertino kaip blogą. 45,3 proc. (p<0,001) slaugytojų turėjo aukštą arterinį kraujospūdį ir savo sveikatą įvertino kaip blogą. Nustatyti statistiškai reikšmingi skirtumai tarp gydytojų patiriamo psichologinio distreso (p=0,03), silpnos vidinės darnos (p<0,001) bei blogo savo sveikatos vertinimo. 41,9 proc. (p=0,02) bendrosios praktikos slaugytojų, patiriančių aukštus reikalavimus darbe ir pasižyminčių silpna... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Introduction. In recent years Lithuanian and European studies have shown that the psychological strain and distress at work is causing more and more health problems and influence the emergence of diseases. Aim of study. To determine the associations between medical staff’s psychosocial work environment factors and their health perception. Methods. The study included a total of 278 health care workers, 121 medical doctors and 157 general practice nurses. The survey has been accomplished anonymously in 2011, between February and June. A standardized Swedish questionnaire by Karasek adapted to Lithuanians – demands, control, and social support – was used. For Data analysis SPSS 14.0 and MS Word was used. Results. The general practice nurses in Kaunas city (55.4%) statistically significantly more frequently experienced job strain as compared to medical doctors (35.5%) (p<0.001). We established a statistically significant association between high blood pressure and self-rated health assessment. 46.3% (p=0.01) of medical doctors with elevated blood pressure assessed their health as poor. 45.3% (p<0.001) of nurses with elevated blood pressure rated their health as poor. We established statistically significant differences between psychological distress (p=0.03), weak sense of coherence (p<0.001) and poor self-rated health among medical doctors. 41.9% (p=0.02) general practice nurses experiencing high demands at work and having weak sense of coherence 33.7% (p=0.01) rated their... [to full text]

Risk factors for psychological insult following deployment to Operation Enduring Freedom or Operation Iraqi Freedom among veterans: A systematic review: The systematic review aimed to establish more clearly the risk factors for mental health problems in the veteran population. Five databases were searched. Included studies (n = 10) required that veterans served in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and/or Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and included risk factors of mental health problems among the veteran population. Data from included studies were extracted and critically appraised based on critical appraisal tools following a narrative approach to synthesise data. All of the studies reviewed identified risk factors, although due to their heterogeneous nature key findings varied considerably. However, it was consistently reported that combat exposure and deployment experiences were associated with emergence of post operational mental health problems. The current review provides preliminary evidence that there are a number of specific risk factors that may increase susceptibility to mental health problems subsequent to military deployment. It is suggested that interventions are needed in order to mitigate risk factors and bolster protective factors. A cross-sectional study investigating the impact of disease activity and disease related cognitions on adjustment in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The research journal aimed to investigate the degree to which psychological illness related cognitions will mediate the effect of disease activity on Quality of Life (QoL). In addition, to assess the impact of disease activity, and several psychological factors, in several adjustments outcomes in IBD to see whether the adjustment variables are significant predictors of multiple outcomes. Mediation was used followed by an exploratory cross-sectional correlational design. Three hundred and thirty eight participants were recruited through an IBD charity and invited to respond to a self-report questionnaire online. Measures targeted different aspects of the IBD profile to give an indication of adjustment associated with IBD diagnosis, psychological factors and Quality of Life (QoL). Mediation analysis found support for significant indirect effects on the relationship between disease activity and QoL through Gastrointestinal (GI) anxiety, perceived disability and illness representations. The subsidiary analysis indicated that pain catastrophising, disease activity, stigma, illness representations and GI anxiety were found to be significant predictors of adjustment in IBD. The results indicate that there is an important relationship with the adjustment factors, QoL, and psychological functioning. In addition, stress, depression, anxiety and QoL were found to be predicted by the adjustment factors. The current study has provided insight into psychological factors and adjustment indicators from a multi-faceted perspective, which will facilitate advancement of managing IBD from a biopsychosocial framework with a view to enable more effective disease management.

The English Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme is a government-funded initiative that aims to provide timely and equitable access to evidence-based psychotherapeutic interventions, within a primary care setting. Despite the many achievements of the programme, there are several issues regarding research to clinical gaps, as well as a high rate of variation between sites concerning outcomes and attrition. This thesis explores the implementation process of the IAPT delivery model to understand which factors are influential in the successful uptake and integration of evidence-based psychotherapeutic interventions. The aims of this thesis are:  To explore, identify and analyse the implementation process involved in establishing and delivering an IAPT service.  To uncover the factors that either facilitate or impede its development to provide a more in-depth and detailed account of the implementation and operation of services.  To develop an understanding regarding the applicability of evidence-based practice and the IAPT delivery model in a clinical setting, for the provision of psychological therapies. I conducted a series of semi-structured interviews with practitioners delivering and implementing services, across seven sites, and clients, across three sites. The design and analysis followed an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, focusing on personal meaning and sense-making processes. The objective of the interview was to understand the implementation process regarding the IAPT delivery model, exploring how this influences personal experiences and client engagement. Additionally, participant narrative was set in context using open-access data collected and published by the programme. The analysis generated three master themes for practitioners delivering and implementing services including: ‘A Call to Action’ describing how participants regarded this process as a genuine opportunity to make a real impact in mental healthcare; ‘Contextual Influences on Service Operation’ which explores the activities in becoming a locally determined, adaptable and relevant service; and a ‘Focus on Relationships’ outlining the relational and collaborative work involved during implementation. For the client group, three master themes were generated including: ‘A Personal Journey: From Discovery to Advocacy’ illustrating the changing experiences involved during service access and engagement; ‘Perception of Self’ which portrays how individuals made sense of their engagement by judging what it meant to them; 5 and ‘Outside Factors’ which explores the role of others and the physical journey made in getting to services. The analysis suggested that both groups made sense of their experiences in complex and varied ways. Heavily influencing the implementation of the IAPT delivery model is the over-arching need to boost throughput and quantity, possibly at a cost of quality. Additionally, it is argued that the use of routine outcome monitoring in services is useful for reflecting on the implementation process and engaging clients. The key to successful implementation appears to be about achieving integration, requiring a whole-systems based approach that considers the mediating pathways into and out of services. In light of the findings and literature, the thesis proposes several recommendations for future practice and further research.

Gregorová, A., Relation between worker´s performance and psychosomatic difficulties, České Budějovice 2015, Thesis, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. Faculty of Theology. Department of Practical Theology, Supervisor PsLic. Jan Vyhnálek The thesis in focuses to psychosomatic symptoms of two choosen respondents it´s research. I choose two respondents, who work in social sector and who suffer by psychosomatic symptoms for a long time. It was a qualitative research. I performed two case works. I used content analysis as a research method. I created theoretical chapters in a reference to the theme and also to provide theoretical basis for symptoms mentioned in my case works to the reader. First target of my thesis was to describe psychosomatic symptoms and health problems of my respondents. The second target was to describe causes of psychosomatic symptoms how respondents see it according to them selves. The third and last target was to find out, if respondents think, that the main source of their psychosomatic symptoms was their privat and family life, or if it was the social work´s performance.

Ce travail de recherche porte sur l’intervention en prévention de la santé psychique au travail. Il s’intéresse plus particulièrement aux difficultés liées au passage entre la connaissance et l’action : c’est après le diagnostic, lorsqu’il s’agit de transformer concrètement et durablement les situations de travail et l’organisation, que les plus grandes difficultés surviennent. Pour répondre à cette ambition, un important travail théorique est réalisé afin d’identifier dans la littérature puis d’analyser, des modèles d’intervention remarquables pour leur articulation entre un cadre théorique solide autour de la dynamique santé-travail (connaissance) et un cadre méthodologique d’intervention (action). Au-travers d’une revue narrative, nous proposons ainsi trois dimensions en mesure de théoriser le passage entre la connaissance et l’action, passage que nous appréhendons comme un processus social en tant que tel et non comme conséquence méthodologique. Ces trois dimensions, que sont l’objet d’intervention, le niveau d’implication et enfin le processus cognitif de prévention implanté auprès des acteurs sont ainsi au coeur de l’ensemble de notre travail. Forts de ce travail théorique et épistémologique, notre cadre méthodologique vise l’élaboration scientifique de ce processus en cherchant à en établir l’intelligibilité et à débuter le travail de prévisibilité afin que d’autres, plus tard, parviennent au niveau de la reproductibilité. Pour ce faire, trois études ancrées dans la pratique, au sein des services de santé au travail et donc au coeur du terrain, sont présentées. Elles étudient particulièrement les effets de différentes articulations entre objet d’intervention, niveau d’implication et processus cognitif de prévention. L’ensemble de cette démarche s’inscrivant dans le cadre de la recherche fondamentale de terrain, nous aboutissons à la proposition et l’expérimentation d’un nouveau modèle d’intervention permettant de dépasser les limites observées dans la littérature. Cette nouvelle approche se distingue certes par cette articulation spécifique mais également par une méthodologie innovante, inscrivant l’intervention au sein d’un processus d’innovation organisationnelle. Fondée sur l’implantation d’une zone proximale de développement, elle permet aux acteurs de développer des activités transitionnelles, les accompagnant ainsi dans les épreuves auxquelles tout dispositif de prévention expose. Finalement, ce travail nous amène, en plus d’ouvrir vers de nouvelles orientations scientifiques et pratiques, à questionner la posture de l’intervenant agissant en prévention de la santé psychique au travail et plus encore, à une interrogation sur le cadre fondant la pratique des psychologues du travail. / This research work deals with the intervention in prevention of occupational psychological health problems. It highlights the difficulties between knowing and doing: the biggest difficulties occur after diagnosis, when work situations and the organisation have to be substantially and permanently transformed. To reach this goal, a great deal of theoretical work has been carried out in order to identify in literature and analyse significant models of intervention for their coordination between a sound theoretical framework around the dynamics of occupational health (knowing) and a methodological framework of intervention (doing). We propose thus, through a literature review, three dimensions able to theorize the transition from knowledge to action, a transition which is understood as a social process as such and not as a methodological consequence. Those 3 dimensions, namely the object of the intervention, the level of involvement and the cognitive prevention process implemented with the actors, are at the heart of our work. Thanks to this theoretical and epistemological work, the designed methodological framework aims at developing scientifically this process, seeking its comprehensibility and the beginning of a work of predictability, and enabling reproducibility by other actors in the future. To that end, we present 3 studies, each firmly rooted in practice, within occupational health departments, and thus in the field. They study the effects of different linkages between the object of intervention, the level of involvement and the cognitive prevention process. The whole process fits into fundamental applied research and results in the proposal and the testing of a new model of prevention, which enables to go beyond the limits observed in literature. This new approach is characterised by this specific coordination and also by an innovative methodology that puts the intervention within a process of organisational innovation. Based on the implementation of a proximal zone of development, it allows the actors to develop transitional activities and is helpful in the difficulties they face in any prevention system. Eventually, this work opens new practical and scientific orientations, questions the stance of the occupational health professionals as well as the framework of practice of occupational psychologists.

Title: Sport, health and physical self-concept of grammar school students Objectives: Main goal of this thesis was to analyze the relation to one's own body in youth at the age of 17. The research should analyze physical activities, physical self-concept and the health of grammar school students. These results were compared to data from 20 years ago. Methods: All the data presented in the empirical part of this thesis were obtained through a questionnaire survey among second year high school students. In total, 300 students, including 193 girls and 107 boys, took part in the survey. A standardized questionnaire was used and was taken from international research Sport, Health and Physical Concepts in Central and Eastern Europe (Mrázek, Fialová, Bychovskaja, 1998). The acquired data were recorded in writing, graphically processed and subsequently evaluated. Furthermore, the collected data were compared with the data presented in two diploma theses 20 years ago (Mešejdová, 1998), (Pavlíková, 199). Results: According to the data obtained, teenagers are aware of the influence sport and overall healthy lifestyle have on their health. Girls are more motivated by the desire to look good, while boys want to increase physical fitness. The boys better assess their body and their person as a whole. Girls, on...

Bakgrund: Patienter med psykisk ohälsa är vanligt förekommande inom den somatiska vården. Tidigare forskning har visat att dessa patienter upplever att sjuksköterskors bemötande och kunskap kring psykisk ohälsa är bristfällig, vilket leder till diskriminering och en olämplig omvårdnad. Syfte: Att identifiera hinder för sjuksköterskors omvårdnad till patienter med psykisk ohälsa inom somatisk vård. Metod: Allmän litteraturöversikt där sju kvalitativa och fem kvantitativa studier ligger som grund för resultatet.   Resultat: Två huvudkategorier framkom med faktorer som hindrar sjuksköterskors omvårdnad till patienter med psykisk ohälsa inom somatisk vård. En huvudkategori är Personliga egenskaper som hinder, där sjuksköterskors begränsade kunskap och negativa attityd ingår. Den andra huvudkategorin är Bristande förutsättningar som hinder, som innefattar brister i vårdmiljö, resurser och organisatoriska förutsättningar. Slutsats: Genom att sjuksköterskor får mer utbildning om psykisk ohälsa och förbättrade förutsättningar skulle diskriminering och negativa attityder mot patienter med psykisk ohälsa kunna reduceras. Med ökad kunskap, positiv attityd, och goda förutsättningar i form av en lämplig vårdmiljö, tillräckliga resurser och tydliga rutiner skulle sjuksköterskors omvårdnad till patienter med psykisk ohälsa kunna förändras till det bättre.

The home is supposed to provide support and safety for children but can also be the place where children suffer abuse and other adverse treatment by their parents. Violence against children in homes has been banned in Sweden for more than 30 years but it is still a considerable problem in the society and a threat to public health. The overall aim of this thesis was to create comprehensive knowledge of the phenomenon Child Physical Abuse (CPA) in Sweden after the ban on corporal punishment. The focus has been on examining the characteristics of cases reported to the police as well as self-reported CPA, prevalence of CPA and finally associations between CPA and health-problems/risk-taking behaviors among adolescents. Two samples are used in this thesis. The first comprises cases reported to the police during 11 years (n=142) in a Swedish police-district and the second is a population-based youth survey of the total number of pupils in three different school grades (13, 15 and 17 years old) in Södermanland County, Sweden. Cases of severe abuse constituted 14 % of the total number of cases reported to the police. The main difference between the group of severe cases and the remaining was the higher occurrence of convictions in court in the severe cases and the pattern of reporting to the police. The severe cases were reported by agencies to a greater degree than minor cases. Cases of severe abuse were characterized by an accumulation of risk factors in different areas as perpetrator factors, stress- and strain factors, factors of insufficient social network and finally child-related factors. In the cross-sectional study a prevalence of 15 % was found for self-reported CPA (n=8 494). There were associations between risk factors in different areas and abuse and there was a dos-response relationship between risks and reported abuse. It was shown that children who reported parental intimate-partner violence were at considerably higher risk for CPA than other children and that only 7 % of the children exposed to violence had disclosed this to authorities. The study of associations between health and risk-taking behaviors, were performed among the 15 and 17 years old pupils (n=5 933). Associations with health-problems and risk-taking behaviors were shown and the associations became stronger when the pupils reported repeated abuse. Finally there was a cumulative effect of multiple abuse in the form of being exposed to child physical abuse plus other types of abuse (parental intimate partner violence, bullying and being forced to engage in sexual acts) and the associations increased with the number of concurrent abuse.

Introduktion: Psykisk ohälsa har ökat och är vanligt förekommande i Sverige idag. Personer med psykisk ohälsa har en ökad risk för att utveckla försämrad hälsa och är därför i större behov av somatisk vård. Forskning har visat att dessa personer har sämre tillgång till somatisk vård, vilket kan bero på brister i bemötandet mellan dem och vårdpersonal samt att sjukvården kan upplevas specialiserad. Det är viktigt att undersöka hur dessa personer upplever vårdpersonalens bemötande inom somatisk vård. Syfte: Att beskriva hur personer med psykisk ohälsa upplever bemötandet från vårdpersonal inom somatisk vård.  Metod: Litteraturöversikt med beskrivande kvalitativ design som grundar sig på tio original artiklar publicerade mellan 2005 och 2021. Databaserna PubMed och CINAHL har använts som sökmotorer. Travelbees omvårdnadsteori speglar arbetets teoretiska referensram.  Resultat: Resultatet utformade sig i tre kategorier: Upplevelser av diskriminering av vårdpersonal; Upplevelser av att det psykiska hamnar i fokus samt Positiva upplevelser av vårdpersonalens bemötande. Personer med psykisk ohälsa upplevde att de inte blev respekterade av vårdpersonalen. De kände frustration över att inte bli tagna på allvar och att vårdpersonalen ändrade sina attityder gentemot dem när personalen fick kännedom om deras psykiska ohälsa. Det framkom positiva upplevelser i bemötandet där vårdpersonalen upplevdes engagerade.  Slutsats: Personer med psykisk ohälsa upplever sig inte respekterade i bemötandet med vårdpersonal inom somatisk vård, vilket led till konsekvenser som utebliven hälso- och sjukvård. Forskning inom ämne är begränsad och det behövs mer för att öka förståelsen och kunskapen för att de personerna ska få en så god vård som möjligt. / Introduction: Mental health problems have increased and are common in Sweden today. Persons with mental health problems are at risk of developing deteriorating health and are therefore in greater need of somatic care. Research has shown that these people have less access to somatic care, which can depend on deficiencies in the encounter between them and the staff and healthcare can be experienced as specialized. It’s important to investigate how these persons experience the meeting with staff in somatic care. Aim: Describe how people with mental health problems experience the encounter from healthcare staff in somatic care. Method: Literature review with a descriptive qualitative design based on ten original articles published 2005-2021. The databases PubMed and CINAHLwere used. Travelbee's nursing theory was the theoretical frame. Results: The result formed three categories: The experiences of discrimination by healthcare staff; The experiences that the mental health is in focus and Positive experiences of encounter by the healthcare staff. Persons experienced that they weren't treated with respect by staff. They felt frustrated of not being taken seriously and the staff often changed their attitudes towards them when they became aware of their mental health. The positive experiences were that healthcare staff were perceived to be committed. Conclusion: Persons with mental health problems feel disrespected in the encounter from staff in somatic care, which leads to consequences such as absent healthcare. Research in the subject is limited and more is needed to increase knowledge to receive as good care as possible for these people.