This diploma thesis deals with electromagnetic radiation in its frequency spectrum. It also divides radiation into ionizing and non-ionizing. The principle of its effects and possible health problems from radiation exposure are also described. Hygienic limits – the maximum allowable and reference values of non-ionizing radiation are analysed too. The thesis should prove that the things of everyday need do not threaten the lives of human beings and are in compliance with the regulation No. 1/2008 Sb. on Health Protection Against Non-Ionizing Radiation. Measurement of low-frequency part is carried out with the cooperation of The National Institute of Public Health. Measurement of high-frequency part was carried out in 3 flats. The aim of this measurement was to find out the change of power density with the moving in a flat and the influence of the barriers (in this case walls).

Title: Evaluation of the most common injuries and health problems of professional table tennis players Objectives: The main aim of this work is to evaluate the most common injuries and health problems of professional table tennis players in the Czech Republic. Another goal is to determine the level of use of regenerative procedures and compensatory exercises within the training plan of athletes. Methods: The main method used in this thesis was a quantitative research by data analysis from non-standardized questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed among professional table tennis players who participated actively in the district, regional, league or extra league competition in the Czech Republic or abroad in the 2018/2019 season. A total of 374 questionnaires were processed and evaluated, which corresponds to 62,33 % of the total number of sent questionnaires. Results: Of the 374 table tennis players, 240 were injured (197 men, 43 women), which corresponds to 64,17% of the interviewed players. A total of 361 injuries were recorded. The research confirmed four out of six hypotheses. Statistical significance was noted between the injury and sex, and the statistically significant relationship between the injury and the different playing style was confirmed. Most injuries were in the area of the...

Bakgrund: Skolsköterskors uppdrag är att arbeta hälsofrämjande och förebyggande med psykisk hälsa, att identifiera och stödja elever med psykisk ohälsa. Tonårspojkar med psykisk ohälsa uppsöker skolsköterskor i liten utsträckning och kan uppvisa varierande uttryckssätt på psykisk ohälsa. Skolsköterskor har en central roll för att uppmärksamma tecken på psykisk ohälsa och för att kunna initiera stöd till tonårspojkar med psykisk ohälsa.  Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva skolsköterskors uppfattningar av hur stöd kan ges till tonårspojkar med psykisk ohälsa. Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats. Datainsamlingen utfördes genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med elva skolsköterskor och materialet analyserades med fenomenografisk metod. Resultat: Studien resulterade i fyra beskrivningskategorier; att identifiera signaler på psykisk ohälsa, att skapa förtroendefulla relationer, att stödja tonårspojkars egen förmåga att hantera sin situation samt att samverka med andra aktörer. Konklusion: Grundläggande för att initiera stöd till tonårspojkar är att skolsköterskorbesitter goda kunskaper att identifiera signaler på psykisk ohälsa hos tonårspojkar. Genom hälsosamtal, hälsobesök och öppen mottagning kan skolsköterskor skapa förtroendefulla relationer och stödja tonårspojkarnas förmåga att hantera sin situation. Skolsköterskor ger stöd genom professionellt och normkritiskt förhållningssätt, elevcentrerat arbetssätt och i samverkan med andra aktörer. / Background: The mission of school nurses is health promotion and prevention with mental health, identifying and supporting students with mental health problems. Teenage boys with mental health problems seek out school nurses to a small extent and may exhibit varying modes of expression of mental health problems. School nurses have a central role in drawing attention to signs of mental health problems and to initiate support for teenage boys with mental health problems. Aim: The aim was to describe school nurses' perceptions of how support can be provided to teenage boys with mental health problems. Method: A qualitative method with an inductive approach. Semi-structured interviews with eleven school nurses were carried out and data was analysed with phenomenographic approach. Results: Four description categories: to identify signs of mental health problems, to create trusting relationships, to support teenage boys' own ability to handle their situation and to interact with other actors. Conclusion: Fundamental to initiating support is that school nurses possessknowledge to identify signs of mental health problems in teenage boys. Through health talks, health visits and open reception, school nurses create trusting relationships and support teenage boys' ability to manage their situation. School nurses provide support through a professional and norm-critical approach, student-centered methods and in collaboration with others.

Bakgrund: Den psykiska ohälsan bland ungdomar har ökat vilket kräver insatser från samhället. Skolsköterskan som träffar ungdomarna dagligen har en unik och betydelsefull roll för deras psykiska hälsa. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka skolsköterskans uppfattning om det hälsofrämjande arbetet för att förebygga ungdomars psykiska ohälsa. Metod: Kvalitativ innehållsanalys med en induktiv ansats användes. Tolv intervjuer genomfördes med skolsköterskor från olika kommuner i södra Sverige. Resultat: I resultatet framkom ett övergripande tema: Skolsköterskans strävan mot välfungerande samarbeten i ett elevcentrerat hälsofrämjande arbete med organisatoriska förutsättningar. Tre kategorier lyftes fram: en betydelsefull stödjande roll, värdet av välfungerande samarbeten och behovet av organisatoriska förutsättningar samt underkategorier. Skolsköterskorna betonade vikten av sin egen stödjande roll, ett fungerande samarbete och behovet av struktur för ett framgångsrikt hälsofrämjande arbete. Skolsköterskans roll uppgavs var att ligga steget före och öka elevens kunskap och medvetenhet kring deras hälsa samt stärka deras handlingsberedskap. Konklusion: Ungdomarnas psykiska ohälsa utmanas därför är det av värde att det hälsofrämjande arbetet prioriteras. Vidare forskning kring det hälsofrämjande arbetets effekt behövs men även forskning kring ungdomars uppfattning av skolsköterskors hälsofrämjande arbete. / Background: Mental health problems have increased among youth and requires action from society. The school nurse, who interacts daily with the youths, has a unique role to play. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the school nurse's perception of health promotion to prevent youths mental health problems. Methods: Qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach was used. Twelve interviews were conducted with school nurses in southern Sweden. Results: A theme emerged: The school nurses strive for wellfunctioning collaborations in a student centered health promotion work with organizational conditions. Three categories were found: a significant supporting role, the value of wellfunctioning collaborations and the need of organizational conditions. School nurses emphasized the importance of their own supportive role, a functioning collaboration and structure for continued health promotion work. The school nurse's role in the health promotion work was stated to be one step ahead, increasing the student's knowledge and awareness of their health and to strengthen their preparedness for action. Conclusions: Mental health problems among youth is being challenged and health promotion work needs to be a priority. Further research on the effect of health promoting is needed along with research on youths perceptions of school nurses' health promoting work.

Adolescents with neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDD) tend to face great challenges in school which can affect their school wellbeing. This paper investigates the relations between school wellbeing and NDD. The purpose of the study was to examine if NDD, class climate, bullying, mental health, and mental health problems predicted school wellbeing and if there were differences between upper secondary students with and without self-rated NDD. The data of this study was retrieved from wave four of the longitudinal multidisciplinary research programme LoRDIA. Study participants were 288 adolescents in year two of upper secondary school, where 61 had self-related NDD and 227 did not. First a Mann-Whitney U-test tested the differences between the groups. Then a multiple regression analysis was conducted to test the predictors’ influence on school wellbeing. Lastly, a correlation test was conducted to see if any predictor was masked by the difference in group size. The results showed that NDD, class climate and bullying are predictors to school wellbeing, where NDD is the strongest predictor. There was also a difference between the groups concerning psychiatric problems where the group with NDD reported more problems, although this still not being a predictor to school wellbeing for this group. In conclusion, class climate and bullying are predictors to school wellbeing for both students with and without self-related NDD which suggests that schools should work for a positive social climate in school. Secondly, the group of students with NDD experience lower levels of school wellbeing but this could not be explained by any of the variables used in this study which calls for further investigations as to what the causes are.

Background: One of society's most pressing social challenges is the state of people's psychological health. Healthcare institutions have adopted e-health due to the noticeable rise in psychological health issues and growing societal reliance on digital technologies. Internet based Cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) is essential for those with psychological health issues. Since 2012, the Department of Swedish Municipalities and Regions (SKR) has coordinated the 1177 healthcare programme, a digitisation initiative. By 2025, the Swedish Government hopes to be a global leader in digitising social services and health care. This ehealth system must promote the welfare and good health, which are founded on the idea of equality between individuals. It must increase patient engagement and confidence while bridging the gap between patient needs and what the healthcare system can supply.  Aim: To describe the access to e-health within Swedish healthcare programs for psychological health problems.  Method: Summative qualitative content analysis of data from websites regarding access to e-health services or iCBT in the Swedish local authorities and regions through an inductive approach.  Findings: The results show that e-health services and resources are unequally distributed among local authorities and regions in Sweden.  Conclusion: Results of the study show that unequal e-health service and resource distribution might result in stigmatization and a decline in patient's willingness to seek care. / Bakgrund: Psykisk ohälsa är en av de stora samhällsutmaningarna idag. Hälso- och sjukvården har implementerat e-hälsa på grund av den märkbara ökningen av psykiska hälsoproblem och samhällets växande beroende av digital teknik. Internet baserad kognitiv beteende terapi (iKBT) som levereras online är viktig för dem med psykiska hälsoproblem. Sedan 2012 har Sveriges kommuner och regioner (SKR) samordnat digital vårdprogram 1177. Svenska regeringen syftar till att vara världsledande inom digitalisering av socialtjänst och hälso- och sjukvård. Detta e-hälsosystem måste främja välfärden och den goda hälsan, som bygger på idén om jämlikhet mellan individer. Det måste öka patienternas engagemang och förtroende samtidigt som den måste överbrygga klyftan mellan patienternas behov och vad hälso- och sjukvården kan tillhandahålla. Syfte: Att beskriva tillgången till e-hälsa i svenska vårdprogram för psykisk ohälsa. Metod: Summativ kvalitativ innehållsanalys av data från webbplatser om tillgänglighet till e-hälsa tjänster eller iKBT i de svenska kommuner och regioner genom en induktiv ansats. Resultat: Resultaten visar att tillhandahållandet av e-hälsa tjänster och resurser är ojämnt fördelat mellan olika kommuner och regioner i Sverige. Konklusion: Studie visar att ojämn fördelning av e-hälsa tjänster och resurser kan orsaka stigmatisering och minskad motivation bland de patienter som tänker söka vård och hjälp.

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Occupational burnout is a concern to the health and longevity of clergy and musician careers. However, no known study has assessed occupational burnout among pastoral musicians. A literature review revealed pastoral musicians anecdotally experienced multi-tasking, workplace politics, inequality of workload, competing liturgical styles, lack of job security, lack of financial security, and lack of rest, among other indicators of burnout. Therefore, the aims of this paper were to: (1) describe pastoral musicians as a population; (2) identify the prevalence rate of burnout among pastoral musicians; (3) investigate the relationship between pastoral musicians' burnout and religious coping; and (4) investigate the relationships between pastoral musicians' burnout and depression, anxiety, and stress. In 2021, an online questionnaire was designed to assess burnout among pastoral musicians. Dissemination techniques included emails to members of the Hymn Society of North America and via social media to collect data from pastoral music directors in the United States of America. The survey yielded n = 1,050 respondents: 83.8% experienced one or more symptoms of burnout (41.3% with low efficacy; 12.4% with high emotional exhaustion; 21.3% with high cynicism; 8.8% with burnout). Ineffectiveness was positively correlated with negative religious coping. Emotional exhaustion and cynicism were positively correlated with negative religious coping. COVID-19 affected 91.3% (n = 936) of pastoral musicians. This study contributed quantitative and qualitative analysis to pastoral musician research. Findings demonstrate burnout is prevalent among American pastoral musicians.

Denna studies syfte var att undersöka hur psykisk ohälsa upptäcks och kan förebyggas av förskollärare och barnskötare i arbetet med yngre barn. Samt hur samverkan med andra samhällsaktörer ser ut vid upptäckten. Detta för att belysa hur man arbetar i ett tidigt skede med psykisk ohälsa som ett socialt problem. Forskning visar att det saknas kunskap om ämnet psykisk ohälsa bland yngre barn. Studien är en kvalitativ intervjustudie som analyserats genom en tematisk analys som har tillämpats genom teorier om människobehandlande organisationer, sociokulturell teori samt relationellt perspektiv. Resultatet visar att ämnet psykisk ohälsa är väldigt komplext och kan vara svårt att upptäcka bland yngre barn, men att det vanligaste sättet att upptäcka det är genom förändrade beteenden hos barnet. Svårigheter i hemmet visar sig ofta hos barnet och förskolan kan där ha en betydelsefull roll genom att vara kompletterande och stödjande. Pedagogerna uttryckte en stor avsaknad av kunskap om psykisk ohälsa från sin utbildning. Det saknas även uttalade arbetssätt för att bemöta psykisk ohälsa. Pedagogerna har egna utarbetade metoder och redskap som har tillkommit med arbetserfarenhet. Samverkan med andra samhällsaktörer såsom socialtjänsten är vanligt förekommande och en central del i arbetet. Pedagogerna uttryckte viss svårighet att få till detta samarbete men att ta steget till samarbete var självklart. En faktor som återkom var pedagogernas erfarenheter av avsaknad av information från socialtjänsten. Relationen till barnet och möjligheten att upptäcka dåligt mående försvåras av organisationens ramar med större barngrupper idag än tidigare. Grunden i arbetet styrs av en god relation till barnet för att stärka lärande och utveckling. / The purpose of this study was to investigate how mental health problems are detected and can be prevented by preschool teachers and educators in their work with younger children. As well as how collaboration with other social actors look upon discovery. This is to highlight how to work at an early stage with mental health problems as a social problem. Research shows that there is a lack of knowledge about the topic of mental health problems among younger children. The study is a qualitative interview study that has been analyzed through a thematic analysis that has been applied through theories about human service organizations, sociocultural theory and a relational perspective. The results show that the subject of mental health problems is very complex and can be difficult to detect among younger children, but that the most common way to detect it is through changes in the child's behavior. Difficulties at home often manifest themselves in the child, and the preschool can play an important role by being complementary and supportive. The educators expressed a great lack of knowledge about mental health from their education. There is also a lack of standard working methods for dealing with mental health problems. The educators have their own developed methods and tools that have been acquired with working experience. Collaboration with other social actors such as social services is common and a central part of the work. The educators expressed some difficulty in bringing about this collaboration, but taking the step towards collaboration was never a problem. A recurring factor was the teachers' experience of a lack of information from social services. The relationship with the child and the possibility of detecting mental health problems are made more difficult by the organization's framework with larger teaching groups today than before. The foundation of the work is centered around a good relationship with the child to strengthen their learning and development.

Miljöproblem kan ses som ett växande problem. Studien visar hur stor kunskapen är hos gemene man angående särskilda miljöproblem och dess risker. I denna studie tas problemet upp angående miljö- och hälsofarliga metaller som ansamlas i slammet hos svenska reningsverk. Metallerna kan ge allvarliga hälsoeffekter på människan och förekommer i en rad kända vardagliga produkter. Studien grundar sig i en enkätstudie med 200 deltagande respondenter och syftet är att mäta deras kunskapsläge. Respondenterna är indelade i en yngre och en äldre åldersgrupp. Skillnader och likheter har analyserats mellan de yngre och de äldre. Studien tar upp miljö- och hälsokonsekvenser för respektive metall samt dess förekomst i olika varor och produkter. Det allmänna kunskapsläget om miljöproblem och dess risker tas upp, samt om metaller kan renas i svenska reningsverk eller inte. En annan del av studien behandlar gemene mans tillförlitlighet till olika aktörer som har förmågan att sprida information om miljöproblem och dess risker. Respondenterna får även svara på vilka vägar av informationsspridning de själva föredrar.Enkätundersökningen är indelad i en kvantitativ och en kvalitativ del. Den kvantitativa delen har kommit fram till att den äldre åldersgruppen visar sig ha högre kunskapsnivå än den yngre åldersgruppen vad gäller de fyra olika metallerna rent allmänt. De har även större kunskap vad gäller metallernas hälsoeffekter och förekomst i varor och produkter. Den yngre åldersgruppen har dock bättre kunskap om miljöproblem och dess risker i allmänhet samt om metaller kan renas i reningsverk eller inte. I den kvalitativa delen undersöker vilka spridningsmetoder respondenterna föredrar samt vilka aktörer de känner störst tillförlitlighet till. Respondenterna föredrar att kunskap bör förmedlas genom bland annat skolväsendet och media. Tillförlitliga aktörer anses inom informationsspridning vara myndigheter, forskare och organisationer. / Environmental problems can be seen as a growing problem. The studie will show how big the knowledge of ordinary people in specific environmental problems and risks are. In this study the issues concerning environmental and health hazardous metals that accumulate in the sludge at the Swedish treatment plants are analysed. The metals may have serious health effects on humans and appear in a series known everyday products. The study is based on a survey with 200 participating respondents and the purpose is to measure their knowledge. The respondents are divided into a younger and an older age group. Similarities and differences have been analysed between the younger and the older ones. The study addresses the environmental and health impacts of each metal, and its incidence in different goods and products. The general state of knowledge about the environmental problems and risks will be addressed, as well as if metals can be purified in Swedish sewage or not. Another part of the study deals with the common man's reliability to the different actors who have the ability to disseminate information about environmental problems and risks. The respondents have also answer what routes of dissemination of information they prefer.The survey is divided into a quantitative and a qualitative part. The quantitative part has come to the conclusion that the older age group have a higher level of knowledge than the younger age group in terms of the four metals in general. They also have greater knowledge regarding the metals health effects and occurrence of goods and products. The younger age group has a better understanding of environmental problems and risks in general and about if metals can be purified in wastewater treatment or not. In the qualitative part the study examines the methods of dissemination respondents prefer and which actor they feel the greatest reliability to. Respondents prefer that knowledge should be conveyed by including the school system and the media. Reliable traders considered in the dissemination of information to be authorities, researchers and organizations.