Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciada en Filosofía / [...] Como un ejemplo de esta constante víctima de sacrificio o subestimación es como hallamos al infinito hegeliano. Aunque en los estudiosos de Hegel este concepto no ha pasado desapercibido, la importancia se le ha otorgado más bien por la originalidad de esta idea en la historia de la filosofía que por sus repercusiones en el mismo pensamiento hegeliano. Es cierto, esta idea del infinito, con toda la complejidad y multiplicidad de facciones que posee, es una idea única e innovadora. En el presente trabajo veremos cómo ésta, nutriéndose de los conceptos más peculiares del pasado, supera las anteriores nociones que tenían los filósofos de lo infinito. Sin embargo, aunque necesitamos entender este concepto a partir de sus antecedentes —y esta es la principal razón por la que aquí nos remitiremos a la historia del concepto antes de Hegel—, no deberá entenderse que este es el foco de la tesis. El propósito primordial de esta tesis se dirige a destacar la importancia que tiene este concepto en el mismo sistema hegeliano. Nos proponemos desvelar una nueva lectura de Hegel, que no se abra a partir de necesidades personales o circunstanciales de la época o contexto del lector, sino que se inicie a partir del mismo Hegel, como una necesidad oculta del mismo sistema. Esta nueva lectura se caracterizará por poner un acento en la infinitud, considerándola no sólo como un concepto interesante y novedoso de Hegel, sino como el concepto que le da el sentido y que necesita para la sobrevivencia el movimiento dialéctico.

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This thesis is concerned with what I call “the problem of beginning.” This problem expresses the difficulty involved in getting the type of critical, rational thinking proper to philosophical work underway in a manner that is not problematically arbitrary. This amounts to a dilemma between beginning dogmatically by depending upon unexamined presuppositions, and beginning dogmatically with some fundamentally arbitrary assertion. After motivating the problem and explicating it in some detail in the introduction, I identify a number of possible, but unappealing ways to respond. In Chapter 1 I argue that, motivated by his relationship with Pyrrhonism, Hegel is engaging with this same problem at the start of his Science of Logic. I identify a distinctive form of a solution to the problem in Hegel's work which amounts to isolating a beginning which is both presuppositionless and non-arbitrary, or, in his terminology, both immediate and mediated. In Hegel's work I identify two different possible ways in which the form of this solution can be fleshed out. They differ in terms of what they designate as the element of mediation in the beginning. In the first case, this element is stated to be the project of phenomenology, as carried out in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit. In the second case, this element is characterised as a project of “consummate scepticism,” but left problematically underdeveloped. In Chapter 2 I present reasons for rejecting the suitability of the former, and in Chapter 3 I attempt to sketch a project of “consummate scepticism” which would be capable of functioning as the element of mediation in a manner capable of producing a working, “Hegelian” solution to the problem of beginning. I draw the thesis to a close by considering both the costs and opportunities which follow from this reconstructed solution, especially concerning the establishment of idealism.

For Hegel, serious, painful disagreement among reasonable individuals is part of the very fabric of our intellectual, moral, and social lives. Disagreement about what matters cannot be eliminated. Traditionally, this kind of interpretation is thought to be incompatible with Hegel’s epistemic and metaphysical ambitions: that reason has absolute power to explain all there is, leaving no significant question without an adequate answer. But if genuine disagreement cannot be eliminated, then at least some significant practical normative questions must remain without fully adequate answers. I develop a novel strategy for reconciling these two fundamental aspects of his approach to practical norms and values in his Philosophy of Right. Through what I call topographic explanations, Hegel takes on the task of explaining why the world is structured in such a way that (a) some significant questions necessarily remain open to painful disagreement, and that (b) the world remains a worthy home for our deepest aspirations.

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The following study is an attempt to understand the fundamental ethics of Emmanuel Levinas and the phenomenology of G. W. F. Hegel as philosophies of intersubjectivity. In this study we hope to make an important contribution to Levinas scholarship by historically locating Levinas' interpretation of Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit in the twentieth century French-Hegelian tradition. The historical location of Levinas' thought concerning Hegel is important because a French-Hegelian reading of the Phenomenology of Spirit is not a textually accurate portrayal of Hegel's thought. We will argue that a French-Hegelian reading of the Phenomenology of Spirit actually misinterprets the meaning of "teleological" time and "the end of history" in Hegel's text, and that it does so for expressly political purposes. We will argue that Levinas' French-Hegelian misinterpretation affects both his portrayal of Hegel's phenomenology and his own ethical phenomenology. Locating Levinas' Hegel in a French-Hegelian tradition is important for understanding his phenomenology because Levinas negatively situates his own ethical account of intersubjectivity against what he takes Hegel's phenomenology of intersubjectivity to consist in. As a consequence, Levinas goes to great lengths in Otherwise than Being to describe time as "diachronous" in direct contradistinction to what we will argue is a French-Hegelian misreading of "teleological" time in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit . After we establish a proper reading of Hegel's phenomenology of intersubjectivity, and we establish how Levinas misunderstands the Phenomenology of Spirit from a French-Hegelian perspective, we will be able to access the viable similarities that actually inhere between their purportedly "diametrically opposing" phenomenologies of intersubjectivity. These similarities will give us a logical point of contact between the two philosophers in terms of which we can normatively evaluate their respecti

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

El presente trabajo tiene como tema central el concepto de acción en la Filosofía del derecho de Hegel. Buscamos alcanzar dos objetivos. En primer lugar, intentamos presentar de manera articulada y analizada la teoría hegeliana de la acción subjetiva. En segundo lugar, buscamos complementar esta teoría mediante una corrección ética acerca de la actitud moral: sostenemos que el concepto de acción tiene que integrar como constitutiva una consideración subjetiva del bien universal y objetivo. Para llevar a cabo estas tareas, este trabajo está dividido en tres capítulos. En el primer capítulo, exponemos una visión sistemática del concepto de acción en la sección de la Moralidad de la Filosofía del derecho. Nos encargamos de presentar y analizar tesis estructurales para conectar unitariamente las dimensiones del complejo concepto de acción de Hegel. En el segundo capítulo, profundizamos en los derechos que constituyen progresivamente el concepto complejo de acción. Abordamos la diferencia entre la acción y el acto, la relación entre el propósito y la intención, entre la intención y el bienestar, y entre el bienestar y el bien (que corresponde a la actitud propiamente moral). Frente al problema de la conexión interna entre el concepto de acción y de bien, en el tercer capítulo, argumentamos, por un lado, que una comprensión del bien desde el punto de vista de la Moralidad conduce tanto a la imposibilidad de la instanciación del bien en el mundo como a la realización de acciones que son solo arbitrariamente buenas. Por otro lado, una re-comprensión del bien desde el punto de vista de la Eticidad conduce a la tesis de que la normatividad inmanente de las instituciones éticas corresponde a las determinaciones objetivas mediante las cuales el sujeto ético constituye su idea de bienestar subjetivo y a los parámetros de validez intersubjetiva que orientan el reconocimiento efectivo entre los miembros de la Eticidad. Con ello, logramos alcanzar los objetivos planteados. / Tesis

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-09-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:13:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_cr_me_mar.pdf: 912883 bytes, checksum: b9c10f91b23054ffb3ada1e3ed112165 (MD5) / É possível perceber ao longo das principais obras de Hegel a presença de uma ética, desde os escritos da juventude cujo interesse se volta exclusivamente às temáticas religiosas até os escritos da maturidade, com preocupações com a coletividade. No entanto, como apresentaremos ao longo do texto, não se trata de uma ética normativa. Procuramos apresentar os momentos de amadurecimento do ethos, partindo da noção de religião popular, enquanto totalidade, tomando como modelo a denominada “bela” vida ética grega dos tempos de Tübingem, até o conceito de família como primeiro momento da eticidade apresentada na “Filosofia do Direito” (1821). Entre estes dois momentos, destacaremos a recepção hegeliana à filosofia moral kantiana em Berna, como também o conceito de destino e amor, momentos de unificação por influência de Hölderlin em Frankfurt. Com efeito, estes momentos de unificação já se apresentam em O “Sistema da vida ética” nos primeiros anos de Hegel em Iena. No “Sistema da vida ética” a família é apresentada como potência ética natural e o povo como potência ética absoluta. O texto pode ser compreendido como a sistematização dos escritos da juventude. As potências éticas, família e povo, que neste momento guardam dentro de si o direito natural, como escreve Hegel no artigo “Sobre as maneiras científicas de tratar o direito natural”, na “Fenomenologia do Espírito” (1807) se exteriorizam. Como diz Hegel no § 437 da referida obra trata-se da luta pelo reconhecimento nas figuras históricas de Antígona e Creonte. Deste modo no primeiro capítulo da dissertação teremos a construção do edifício ético natural, no segundo capítulo, se manifesta a cisão entre a família e a cidade. Por fim, concluímos o trabalho apresentando a família a partir do § 157 da “Filosofia do Direito” como vida ética inaugural... / It can be seen along the main works of Hegel, from the writings of youth whose interest turns exclusively to religious themes to the writings of maturity with concerns about the community, the presence of an ethics. However, as throughout the present text, it is not merely (a ruling ethics) ethical rules. We present the moments of maturity of ethos based on the notion of popular religion as a whole, taking as model the so-called beautiful Greek ethical life of the Tübingen times until the notion of family as the first moment of an ethics presented in the Philosophy of Right (1821). Between these two moments we will highlight the Hegelian reception of the Kantian moral philosophy in Bern, as well as the notion of fate and love as moments of unification under the influence of Hölderlin in Frankfurt. Indeed, these moments of unification present themselves in the System of Ethical Life, written in the first years of Hegel in Jena. In the System of Ethical Life, the family is presented as a potent natural ethics and the people as absolute ethical power. The text can be understood as the systematization of the writings of youth. These potent ethics, people and family that at the moment hold within themselves the natural right, as Hegel writes in the article About the Scientific Manners of Approaching the Natural Right, as well as in the Phenomenology of Spirit (1807) are exteriorized. As Hegel mentions on the §437 of the Phenomenology, the struggle ist for recognition of the historical characters of Antigona and Creonte. This way, as in the first chapter of the dissertation we have the building of an ethical nature, in the second chapter there is the separation of the family and the city. Finally, we finish the work presenting the family as seen from the § 157 of Hegel's Philosophy of Right the initial ethical life... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)