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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Bilaterální trénink horních končetin u pacientů s centrální hemiparézou / Bilateral Upper Limb Training in Patients with Central Hemiparesis

Rejtarová, Anna January 2018 (has links)
Background: Bilateral training is an intervention used in patients with hemiparesis. This training is based on the movement of both (bi) sides (lateral) of the body simultaneously. There exist a lot of articles focused on specific methods of bilateral training. However, the used terminology is inconsistent. The aim of this thesis is to describe the neurophysiological background of bimanual and bilateral methods, review and clear out the used terminology, and describe the different techniques included in bilateral training. Methods: Relevant literature was searched in PubMed, ScienceDirect and OVID Evidence Based Reviews. The inclusion criteria were the availability of fulltext, publication date after 1980, English language and a connection with medicine. The searched keywords were bimanual or bilateral training, metod and therapy. Results: From 1021 articles, only 132 articles meet the inclusion criteria. Five main rehabilitation interventions are used in practice: a) cooperative activity of both arms, b) synchronous movement of both arms c) Mirror therapy, d) an activity, where the impaired hand assists the paretic hand and d) robotic therapy or therapy with mechanical devices. The neurophysiological background is based on a) modulation of interhemispherical inhibition, b) increased motor control of...
22

Cinematica do alcance e da preensão em um ambiente 3D imersivo de realidade virtual comparado com ambiente fisico em individuos saudaveis e com hemiparesia / kinematics of reaching and grasping in a 3D immersive virtual reality environment compared to a physical environment in healthy subjects and in patients with hemiparesis

Magdalon, Eliane Cristina 10 May 2009 (has links)
Orientadores: Antonio Augusto Fasolo Quevedo, Stella Maris Michaelsen / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T19:42:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Magdalon_ElianeCristina_D.pdf: 6903170 bytes, checksum: ebb584674ca7c75d60201f5bd37e533c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Introdução A tecnologia de Realidade Virtual (RV) vem sendo usada cada vez mais para criar ambientes visando à reabilitação motora. No entanto, há poucas evidências de que os movimentos realizados em ambientes virtuais (AV) se assemelhem aos realizados em ambientes físicos (AF). Objetivos: Comparar a cinemática dos movimentos de alcance e preensão realizados em um AV imersivo tridimensional (3D) e em um AF, e investigar o efeito do uso da luva de RV no desempenho do movimento. Participantes: Dez indivíduos saudáveis (62,1 ± 8,8 anos) e 12 com hemiparesia pós-AVE (66,6 ± 10.1anos). Metodologia: O AV foi apresentado em 3D via um capacete de RV, o qual forneceu visão estereoscópica. A representação virtual da mão e o feedback de força de preensão foram fornecidos pelo uso das luvas Cyberglove e Cybergrasp, respectivamente. A cinemática do tronco e membro superior (MS) foi registrada pelo sistema Optotrak Certus® (cinco corpos rígidos e sete marcadores adicionais). Os participantes eram instruídos para alcançar, pegar e transportar 3 objetos (lata - preensão cilíndrica; chave de fenda - preensão de força e caneta - preensão de precisão, respectivamente com 65.6, 31.6 e 7.5 milímetros de diâmetro) no AF, e no AV pegaram objetos virtuais visualmente semelhantes. Os parâmetros espaciais (alinhamento e suavidade da trajetória, ângulos rotacionais planos e axiais) e temporais (tempo, velocidade e tempo de desaceleração) do movimento de alcance e preensão do MS foram analisados. Resultados: Padrões similares de orientação da mão foram usados para pegar os objetos físicos e virtuais, exceto para a supinação, que foi menor no AV, para ambos os grupos, durante a preensão da lata. Ambos os grupos fizeram movimentos mais lentos, com um prolongamento na fase de desaceleração, e as trajetórias foram mais curvas no AV comparado com AF, especialmente nos indivíduos com hemiparesia. Ambos os grupos dimensionaram a abertura da preensão de acordo com o tamanho do objeto nos dois ambientes para a preensão cilíndrica, porém a abertura foi maior durante a preensão da chave de fenda e a caneta no AV. Para ambos os grupos, o uso da luva não interferiu nos parâmetros espaciais do alcance, entretanto os movimentos foram mais lentos, com pico de velocidade menor e prolongamento da fase de desaceleração. Para os indivíduos com hemiparesia, o uso da luva não influenciou nos parâmetros temporais da fase de preensão. Conclusão: Apesar de algumas diferenças nos parâmetros temporais do alcance e preensão e ângulos articulares, as estratégias motoras empregadas foram similares entre os ambientes. Tendo em vista estas diferenças, o AV pode ser considerado um ambiente adequado para intervenções clínicas e estudos em controle motor. Uma melhor representação visual dos objetos, dada pela melhoria da percepção de profundidade e pela qualidade da visualização dos objetos no ambiente virtual, poderia promover um movimento de alcance mais direto, aumentar a velocidade e diminuir o tempo de desaceleração, tornando estes parâmetros idênticos aos realizados em um ambiente real e eliminando completamente as diferenças observadas. / Abstract: Introduction Virtual Reality (VR) technology is increasingly being used to create environments for motor rehabilitation. However, there is little evidence that movements made in virtual environments (VE) are similar to those made in real world physical environments (PE). Objectives: To compare the kinematics of reaching and grasping movements, performed in a PE and a similarly designed immersive three-dimensional (3D) VE, and investigate the effect of using the VR glove in the performance of the movement. Participants: Ten healthy subjects (62.1±8.8 years) and twelve subjects with chronic post-stroke hemiparesis (66.6±10.1yrs). Methodology: The VE was displayed in 3D via a head-mounted display (helmet), with stereoscopic vision. The virtual representation of the subject's hand and prehension force feedback was obtained using Cyberglove¿ and Cybergrasp¿, respectively. Arm and trunk kinematics were recorded with the Optotrak Certus® System (five rigid bodies plus seven markers). Subjects were instructed to reach, grasp and transport three objects (can-cylindrical grasp; screwdriver-power grasp; and pen-precision grasp; with diameter 65.6, 31.6 and 7.5mm respectively) in a PE and visually similar virtual objects were grasped in the VE. Spatial (trajectory straightness and smoothness, axial and planar rotational angles) and temporal parameters (movement time, velocity and duration of deceleration phase) of arm and hand movements during reaching and grasping were analyzed. Results: Similar hand orientation patterns were used when grasping both physical and virtual objects, except for supination that was lower in VE while grasping the can for both groups. Both groups made slower movements, with an increase in the relative deceleration times and the trajectories were more curved in VE compared to PE, especially in the stroke subjects. Both groups scaled hand aperture to object size in both environments for cylindrical grasp, but it was wider when grasping the screwdriver and pen in VE. In both groups, use of glove did not affect spatial parameters of the reach task. However, movements were slower, with smaller peak velocities and longer deceleration phases. For stroke subjects, temporal parameters of grasp phase were not affected by glove use. Conclusion: Despite a few differences in temporal parameters of reach and grasp and joint ranges, similar motor strategies were employed in both environments. If these differences are taken into account, VE can be considered as a suitable environment for clinical interventions and motor control studies. A better visual representation of objects, provided by an improvement in depth perception and the quality of the viewing VE, may promote straighter reach movements, increased velocity and decreased deceleration time, making these parameters identical to those made in a physical environment, and eliminating the observed differences. / Doutorado / Engenharia Biomedica / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
23

Terapia de uso forçado modificada não altera função motora do membro superior não parético / Modified forced used therapy does not change motor function on the non-paretic upper limb

Tamyris Padovani dos Santos 02 March 2015 (has links)
A Terapia de Uso Forçado (TUF) e uma técnica se propõe a reverter o desuso aprendido e assim conduzir a plasticidade encefálica pós-AVE. Por se tratar de uma terapia restritiva, que força a utilização de um dos membros superiores e detrimento do outro essa modalidade terapêutica é passível de críticas. Sendo assim, o nosso trabalho foi estruturado para investigar se existem prejuízos no MS não acometido e ainda se propõe a analisar de maneira instrumentalizada os benefícios produzidos no MS parético. Participaram deste estudo 32 indivíduos que sofreram AVE isquêmico e que apresentavam hemiparesia. Os indivíduos foram randomizados em dois grupos de tratamento por quatro semanas consecutivas: TUF (imobilização do MS não acometido por 24 horas, durante 4 semanas) e FC (fisioterapia convencional, duas vezes por semana). A avaliação foi realizada antes do início, 2 semanas após, no final do protocolo e três meses após o término. Foram utilizadas as escalas: National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Teste Motor de Wolf (WMFT), dinamometria (preensão palmar) e eletromiografia de superfície (músculos extensores do punho). Os dados do grupo TUF foram analisados por uma análise de variância de uma via e os dados da FC por um teste em t para amostras pareadas. Para a comparação intergrupos foi utilizado o teste t de Student. Foram consideradas diferenças significativas p 0,05. A análise das pontuações da NIHSS não revelou diferenças significativas na comparação intra e intergrupos. A análise dos dados da dinamometria intra e intergrupos do lado não parético, não revelou diferenças estatísticas. Para o lado parético os dados da TUF mostraram um aumento na % Kgf em relação aos dados iniciais para o lado parético (F: 2,90) e parético a direita (F:2,70). A análise dos dados de eletromiografia intra e intergrupo, do lado não parético não revelou diferenças estatísticas. Já para o lado parético, os dados da TUF mostraram um aumento de % RMS em relação aos dados iniciais para o lado parético (F:2,43) e parético a direita (F:1,67). Para os dados da WMFT, não observamos diferenças para o lado não parético no grupo TUF. Entretanto o para a FC, observamos uma diminuição do tempo de execução das atividades no lado não parético e a esquerda (t=3,26). Em relação ao lado parético, parético a direita e parético a esquerda, o grupo TUF apresentou modificações em todos as comparações (F:10,08), (F:4,24;) e (F:6,75), respectivamente. Já no grupo FC, somente para a comparação no lado parético (t=2,21). Ambos os grupos apresentam um melhor desempenho nas tarefas individuais no lado não parético. Entretanto, o grupo FC no lado não parético esquerdo apresenta uma redução do tempo na atividade cotovelo estendido em relação ao tempo final do grupo TUF (t=2,45). Em relação ao lado parético, o grupo TUF apresenta uma redução do tempo de atividade para um grande número de tarefas individuais, o que não acontece com o grupo FC. Ainda, o grupo TUF tem uma redução do tempo de execução significativa em relação ao grupo FC no lado parético, para as tarefas cotovelo estendido com peso (t=2,45) e girar chave na fechadura (t=2,67).Nosso trabalho mostra que a TUF melhora o desempenho motor do lado parético. Ainda, é segura uma vez que não observamos prejuízos motores do lado não parético. / The Forced Used Therapy (FUT) is a technique proposes to reverse learned nonuse and thus lead to brain plasticity after stroke. Because it is a restrictive therapy that forces the use of an upper limb in the detriment of another this therapeutic modality is subjected to criticism. Thus, our work was structured to investigate if there are impairments in not paretic UL and aims intends to analyze the possible benefits produced in paretic UL. The study included 32 subjects who experienced ischemic stroke and who had hemiparesis. Subjects were randomized in two treatment groups for four consecutive weeks: FUT (non-paretic UL immobilization for 24 hours to 4 weeks) and SP (standard physiotherapy twice a week). The evaluation was performed at baseline, 2 weeks after, at end of the protocol and three months follow up. We used the scales: National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), dynamometer (handgrip) and surface electromyography (extensor muscles of the wrist). Data from the FUT group were analyzed by one way ANOVA and data the SP by a t-test for paired samples. For comparisons between groups, Student\'s t test was used. Significant values were considered by p 0.05. The analysis of the NIHSS scores revealed no significant differences in intragroup and intergroup comparison. Dynamometry data analysis of intra and inter group in the non-paretic side showed no statistical differences. For the paretic side, FUT data showed an increase in % Kgf relate to the initial to paretic side (F: 2.90) and paretic at the right (F: 2.70). Electromyography data analysis of intra- and intergroup, in the non-paretic side, showed no statistical differences. As for the paretic arm, the data showed an increase in % RMS of FUT compared to the initial for the paretic (F: 2.43) and right paretic (F: 1.67). For WMFT data, there were no differences for the non-paretic side in the FUT group. However, for the SP, we observed a reduction of the execution time of activities in the non-paretic side and paretic at the left (t = 3.26). In relation to the paretic, paretic, paretic to right and left, the FUT group showed changes in all comparisons (F: 10,08), (F: 4.24) and (F: 6.75), respectively. In the SP group, only for comparison in paretic (t = 2.21). Both groups perform better on individual tasks in the non-paretic side. However, the SP group in the left non-paretic side showed a reduction of time in the elbow extended activity in relation to the FUT final (t = 2.45). The FUT group for paretic side compared to the SP group has a less duration of activity for a large number of individual tasks, which does not happen with the SP group. Still, the FUT group has a significant reduction in execution time compared to the SP group in paretic hand for tasks elbow extended with weight (t = 2.45) and turn key in the lock (t = 2.67). Our work shows that the FUT improves motor performance of the paretic hand. Still, it is safe since no observed loss of the non-paretic arm.
24

Utilização da fotogrametria digital e da estabilometria para avaliação postural pós-acidente vascular encefálico / Utilization of digital photogrammetry and stabilometry for assessment of postural control post-stroke

Thaís Silva Mucciaroni 05 February 2015 (has links)
O acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) é uma desordem neurológica aguda, de origem vascular, que pode gerar alterações de postura e equilíbrio nos pacientes acometidos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avançar com o conhecimento relacionado à presença de alterações posturais e de equilíbrio em pacientes pós-AVE, com a utilização da fotogrametria digital e da estabilometria estática. Participaram desse estudo 31 pacientes hemiparéticos pós-AVE que foram divididos em três grupos de alterações motoras: Hemiparesia à direita (n=16), Hemiparesia à esquerda (n=15) e um grupo com a junção dos grupos Hemi D e Hemi E (n=31). Para a análise estatística da fotogrametria e da estabilometria, nas comparações intergrupo, foi utilizada a análise de variância de uma via (ANOVA) (significância p<0,05). Sempre que se detectaram diferenças entre os dados, essas foram evidenciadas pelo teste post hoc de Holm Sidak. Nas comparações intragrupo foi utilizado o teste em t (significância p<0,05). Os padrões posturais encontrados por meio da fotogrametria foram comparados com os dados da estabilometria, utilizando o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (significância r0,80). Os dados da fotogrametria que evidenciaram desvios posturais foram: Acrômio D mais alto no grupo hemi. à E, e acrômio E mais alto no grupo hemi. à D (F6,154=8,26; p<0,05); EIAS E mais alta no grupo hemi. à D e elevação da EIAS D no grupo hemi. à E (F6,154=5,49; p<0,05); uma menor distância entre os acrômios e as EIAS D no grupo hemi. à E e menor distância entre acrômios e EIAS E no grupo hemi. à D (F6,154=6,16; p<0,05) e abdução da escápula E no grupo hemi. à D e abdução da escápula D no grupo hemi. à E (F6,154=7,54; p<0,05). A análise estabilométrica evidenciou: maior quantidade de pacientes com desvio posterior e à esquerda, independente do lado da hemiparesia; maior quantidade significativa de deslocamento posterior nos três grupos: grupo hemiparesia D/E (t = 4,20; p <0,05), grupo hemiparesia D (t = 3,04; p <0,05) e grupo hemiparesia E (t = 2,81; p <0,05) e desvio para a esquerda significativamente maior nos três grupos: grupo hemiparesia D/E (t = 5,73; p <0, 05), grupo hemiparesia D (t = 3,78; p <0, 05) e grupo hemiparesia E (t = 4,89; p <0, 05). A análise de correlação mostrou uma forte relação entre grande parte dos padrões da fotogrametria quando comparados aos da estabilometria. Dessa maneira, podemos concluir que pacientes hemiparéticos pós-AVE apresentam elevação de ombro e pelve, menor distância entre ombro e pelve e escápula abduzida do lado oposto ao da hemiparesia, que, independente do lado da hemiparesia, esses pacientes apresentaram um padrão de deslocamento posterior e à esquerda do centro de pressão e que problemas de equilíbrio se correlacionam com problemas posturais. / Stroke is an acute neurological disorder of vascular origin, which can alter equilibrium and posture in affected patients. This study aimed to advance the knowledge about the presence of postural and balance alterations in post-stroke patients using digital photogrammetry and static stabilometry. Participated in this study 31 post-stroke hemiparetic patients who were divided into three groups of motor disorders: right hemiparesis (n=16), left hemiparesis (n=15) and a group with the summation of groups right Hemi. and left Hemi. (n=31). For statistical analysis of photogrammetry and stabilometry in intergroup comparisons, analysis of one-way variance (ANOVA) (significance p<0.05) was used. When differences were detected between the data, they were evidenced by the post hoc Holm Sidak test. In the intra-group comparisons t test was used (significance p<0.05). Postural patterns found by photogrammetry were compared with stabilometry data using the Pearson correlation coefficient (significance r0,80). The Photogrammetry data that showed postural deviations were: right acromion highest in left hemi. group and left acromion higher in right hemi. group (F6,154=8.26; p<0.05). Left ASIS highest in right hemi. group and the elevation of the right ASIS in the left hemi. group (F6,154=5.49, p<0.05). A smaller distance between the right acromion and ASIS in the left hemi. group and shorter distance between the left acromion and ASIS in the right hemi group (F6,154=6.16; p<0.05) and abduction of the left scapula in the right hemi. group and right scapula abduction in the left hemi. group (F6,154=7.54, p<0.05). The stabilometric analysis showed: greater number of patients with posterior and left- deviation independent of the hemiparesis side; most significant amount of posterior displacement in the three groups: right/left hemiparesis group (t=4.20; p<0.05), right hemiparesis group (t=3.04; p<0.05) and left hemiparesis group (t=2.81; p<0.05) and left shift was significantly higher in three groups: right/left hemiparesis group (t=5.73; p<0, 05), right hemiparesis group (t=3 78; p <0, 05) and left hemiparesis group (t=4.89; p<0, 05). Correlation analysis showed a strong relationship between great part of patterns of photogrammetry compared to the estabilometry. Thus, we conclude that post-stroke hemiparetic patients have elevated shoulder and pelvis, shortest distance between the shoulder and pelvis and abducted scapula on the opposite side of hemiparesis, that, regardless of the side hemiparesis, these patients showed a pattern of posterior and left displacement of the center of the pressure and that balance problems correlate with postural problems.
25

A eficiencia do treino de marcha na esteira com suporte parcial de peso nacional em pacientes hemipareticos cronicos pos acidente vascular cerebral / The efficiency of the gait training with treadmill and partial bady weight support in chronic hemiparetic patients post stroke

Macedo, Angela Salomão 20 August 2008 (has links)
Orientador: Antonio Guilherme Borges Neto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T21:29:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Macedo_AngelaSalomao_M.pdf: 1595572 bytes, checksum: ffca01a19ed8d29db7992048f6500735 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Mestrado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Mestre em Ciências Médicas
26

Designing motivational games for robot-mediated stroke rehabilitation

Shah, Nauman January 2016 (has links)
The repetitive and sometimes mundane nature of conventional rehabilitation therapy provides an ideal opportunity for development of interactive and challenging therapeutic games that have the potential to engage and motivate the players. Different game design techniques can be used to design rehabilitation games that work alongside robotics to provide an augmentative therapy to stroke patients in order to increase their compliance and motivation towards therapy. The strategy we followed to develop such a system was to (i) identify the key design parameters that can influence compliance, prolonged activity, active participation and patient motivation, (ii) use these parameters to design rehabilitation games for robot-mediated stroke-rehabilitation, (iii) investigate the effects of these parameters on motivation and performance of patients undergoing home-based rehabilitation therapy. Three main studies were conducted with healthy subjects and stroke subjects. The first study identified the effects of the design parameters on healthy players' motivation. Using the results from this study, we incorporated the parameters into rehabilitation games, following player-centric iterative design process, which were formatively evaluated during the second study with healthy subjects, stroke patients, and health-care professionals. The final study investigated the research outcomes from use of these games in three patient's homes during a 6 weeks clinical evaluation. In summary, the research undertaken during this PhD successfully identified the design techniques influencing patient motivation and adherence as well as highlighted further important elements that contribute to maintaining therapeutic interaction between patients and the therapy medium, mainly the technological usability and reliability of the system.
27

O efeito imediato da Estimulação Elétrica Transcraniana por Corrente Contínua (ETCC) associada ao uso da FES na atividade do músculo tibial anterior e equilíbrio, de indivíduos com hemiparesia decorrente de AVE – estudo randomizado, controlado, duplo cego / The immediate effect of Electrical Stimulation Transcranial Direct Current (tDCS) associated the use of FES in muscle tibialis previous activity and balance, of individuals with hemiparesis resulting of stroke - study randomized, controlled, double-blind

Fruhauf, Aline Marina Alves 17 February 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2018-06-18T19:16:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Aline Marina Alves Fruhauf.pdf: 1453096 bytes, checksum: 48897b7f7729d68294f85c6738b2da54 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-18T19:16:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aline Marina Alves Fruhauf.pdf: 1453096 bytes, checksum: 48897b7f7729d68294f85c6738b2da54 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-17 / Increased cortical activity induced by brain stimulation, associated or not with other rehabilitation techniques, may potentiate the therapeutic effects in patients with neurological deficits. To assess the immediate effects of two related techniques, transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) and functional electrical stimulation (FES), the electrical activity of the tibialis anterior (TA) and static balance of individuals with post stroke hemiparesis. Methods: clinical trial, controlled, randomized, double-blind, 30 individuals hemiparesis due to stroke. Rating: median frequency and RMS TA by electromyography (EMG) and evaluation of static balance (area, speed and frequency of oscillation in open eyes (OE) and closed (CE)) by stabilometry. Interventions: 4 protocols with 48h interval: 1 (tDCS anodic + FES sham), 2 (tDCS sham + FES active), 3 (tDCS anodic + FES active) and 4 (tDCS sham + FES sham). The anode was applied on etcc C3 and / or C4 and cathode on the contralateral supraorbital region and FES on hemiparetic TA for 20 minutes. Results: There was no statistically significant difference (p> 0.05) of the median frequency and RMS for the acquisition of isotonic and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of TA and static balance both OE and CE condition of the protocols by the Friedman test . Conclusion: There was no difference in the electrical activity of the TA muscle and static balance after application of the associated technical or isolated. The application time may not be enough to verify a motor learning, moreover, it is suggested that the tDCS may have a cortical hyperexcitability generated response any competitor inhibiting action; and a second hypothesis is that the stimulation of both the FES or active contraction has generated supposed peripheral fatigue, even with preconization contractions to avoid that this factor. It is believed that the two suggestive lead to additive effects (a technique inhibiting possibly other). / O aumento da atividade cortical, induzido pela estimulação cerebral, associado ou não com outras técnicas de reabilitação, pode potencializar os efeitos terapêuticos em indivíduos com déficits neurológicos. Objetivos: Avaliar os efeitos imediatos de duas técnicas associadas, estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua (ETCC) e estimulação elétrica funcional (FES), na atividade elétrica do músculo tibial anterior (TA) e equilíbrio estático de indivíduos com hemiparesia pós acidente vascular encefálico (AVE). Métodos: Ensaio clínico, controlado, randomizado, duplo cego, em 30 indivíduos hemiparéticos decorrente de AVE. Avaliações: frequência mediana e RMS do TA por eletromiografia (EMG) e avaliação do equilíbrio estático (área, velocidade e frequência de oscilação em olhos abertos (AO) e fechados (OF)) por estabilometria. Intervenções: 4 protocolos com intervalo de 48h: 1 (ETCC anódica + FES placebo), 2 (ETCC placebo + FES ativo), 3 (ETCC anódica + FES ativo) e 4 (ETCC placebo + FES placebo). A ETCC anódica foi aplicada sobre C3 e/ou C4 e catódica sobre região supraorbital contralateral e FES sobre TA hemiparético,durante 20 minutos. Resultados: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p > 0,05) da frequência mediana e RMS durante as aquisições de isotonia e contração isométrica voluntária máxima (CIVM) do TA e equilíbrio estático tanto na condição OA e OF entre os protocolos pelo teste de Friedman. Conclusão: Não houve diferença na atividade elétrica do músculo TA e equilíbrio estático, após aplicação das técnicas associadas ou isoladas. O tempo de aplicação pode não ter sido insuficiente para se verificar um aprendizado motor, além disso, sugere-se que a ETCC possa ter gerado uma resposta de hiperexcitabilidade cortical inibindo qualquer ação concorrente; e uma segunda hipótese seria que o estímulo tanto da FES ou da contração ativa tenha gerado suposta fadiga periférica, mesmo com preconização das contrações para que se evitasse esse fator. Acredita-se que as duas sugestivas, levaram a efeitos aditivos (uma técnica possivelmente inibindo a outra).
28

Validação do teste de atividade de vida diária-Glittre para avaliar a capacidade funcional de indivíduos com hemiparesia decorrente de acidente vascular encefálico

Costa, Glaucio Carneiro 13 December 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2018-07-17T21:08:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Glaucio Carneiro Costa.pdf: 1285322 bytes, checksum: 68a9e24ea8269708f461cc46ecc78e00 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-17T21:08:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Glaucio Carneiro Costa.pdf: 1285322 bytes, checksum: 68a9e24ea8269708f461cc46ecc78e00 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-13 / The Glittre AVD test (TGlittre) is a specific test to evaluate functional limitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but it is not known whether it can be used to assess the capacity and performance of post-stroke patients. Objectives: To analyze the validation of TGlittre construct for hemiparetic patients due to stroke. METHODS: construct validity was analyzed using classical psychometry that established the use of well defined statistical methods, 30 hemiparetic adults after stroke and 20 healthy adults, matched in gender and age, according to eligibility criteria. The results were correlated to the 6-min walk test (TC6), time up and go (TUG) and functional independence measure scale (MIF) to analyze construct validity. The tests were randomized, performed on two consecutive days by the same evaluator. Data were submitted to the Shapiro Wilk normality test. The time of execution of the test between the groups was compared by the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: There was a strong and significant correlation between the AVD-Glittre versus the 6MT (r = -0.91, p <0.001), TUG (r = 0.82, p <0.001) 0.47, p <0.008). Conclusions: The AVD-Glittre was valid for evaluation of functional capacity and performance of hemiparetic patients after stroke. The Glittre AVD test is reliable when correlated with other tests already validated under different health conditions. / O teste de AVD Glittre (TGlittre) é um teste específico para avaliar a limitação funcional em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, porém não se sabe se pode ser utilizado para avaliar a capacidade e desempenho de pacientes pós Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE). Objetivos: validar o TGlittre para pacientes hemiparéticos decorrente de AVE. Métodos: a validade de construto foi analisada por meio da psicometria clássica que estabelece o emprego de métodos estatísticos bem definidos, participaram 30 adultos hemiparéticos pós AVE e 20 adultos saudáveis, pareado em gênero e idade, conforme critérios de elegibilidade. Os resultados foram correlacionados aos testes de caminhada de 6 min (TC6), time up and go (TUG) e escala de medida de independência funcional (MIF) para analisar a validade de construto. Os testes foram aleatorizados, realizados em dois dias consecutivos pelo mesmo avaliador. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de normalidade Shapiro Wilk. O tempo de execução do teste entre os grupos foram comparados pelo teste Mann-Whitney. Resultados: houve correlação forte e significativa entre os testes AVD-Glittre versus TC6 (r=-0,91; p<0,001), TUG (r=0,82; p<0,001) e uma correlação moderada versus MIF (r=-0,47; p<0,008). Conclusões: O AVD-Glittre mostrou-se válido para avaliação da capacidade funcional e desempenho de pacientes hemiparéticos pós AVE. O teste AVD Glittre demonstra-se confiável quando correlacionado com outros testes já validados em condições de saúde distintas.
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Caractérisation de la cinématique et de la trajectoire du centre de masse des patients hémiparétiques lors d’une tâche de navigation / Characterization of kinematics and trajectory of the mass center of hemiparectic patients during a navigation task

Bonnyaud, Céline 20 September 2016 (has links)
Les patients hémiparétiques présentent des troubles de la marche couramment évalués, lors d’une marche stabilisée en ligne droite, par des tests cliniques chronométriques et parfois par une analyse quantifiée de la marche explorant les paramètres biomécaniques de celle-ci. L’analyse de tâches de navigation dans l’environnement, impliquant des contraintes rencontrées au quotidien, apparait pertinente parallèlement à l’analyse de la marche stabilisée en ligne droite. Le test du Timed Up and Go (TUG) comprend des tâches de marche orientée vers une cible et de demi-tour, ce qui correspond à un grand nombre de déplacements effectués dans la vie quotidienne. Cependant la performance chronométrique obtenue à l’issue de ce test ne permet pas la compréhension des mécanismes à l’origine de cette performance. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est de caractériser les déplacements locomoteurs des patients hémiparétiques au cours de tâches de navigation telles que celles impliquées dans le TUG. Pour cela nous proposons une analyse biomécanique de leurs déplacements au cours des 3 phases de navigation du TUG (marche orientée vers l’obstacle, demi-tour et marche orientée vers le siège). Cette analyse concerne l’étude de la cinématique, de la stabilité et des trajectoires locomotrices de ces patients et de sujets sains. L’originalité de ce travail repose sur la caractérisation biomécanique de l’organisation des patients hémiparétiques lors de tâches de navigation, au moyen de paramètres innovants. La diminution de la performance chronométrique observée chez les patients hémiparétiques,comparativement aux sujets sains, s’explique tout d’abord par une diminution de la majorité des paramètres spatio-temporels et de la cinématique articulaire lors des 3 phases de navigation des patients. De plus, les résultats montrent que les phases de marche orientée sont contrôlées par les mêmes paramètres pour les patients hémiparétiques et les sujets sains, mais avec une pondération différente et, que la phase du demi-tour est contrôlée par des paramètres spécifiques différents. Les résultats mettent également en évidence des différences organisationnelles entre les patients hémiparétiques et les sujets sains, à savoir un défaut de stabilité, un ralentissement lors du demitour et une déviation de la trajectoire locomotrice pour les patients. Ces résultats suggèrent que les patients hémiparétiques mettent en place une stratégie consistant en un compromis entre la stabilité, la trajectoire et la performance pour une réalisation optimale des tâches de navigation telles que celles réalisées lors du TUG. Des répercussions sur la prise en charge clinique des patients hémiparétiques peuvent être envisagées à l’issue de ce travail. / The gait characteristics of patients with hemiparesis are usually assessed during stable, straightline gait. Clinical tests are mostly based on timed performance, although biomechanical gait analysis may be carried out. The analysis of navigational tasks that involve constraints encountered in daily life is necessary to increase understanding of gait deficits. The Timed Up and Go test (TUG) includes oriented gait towards a target, and turning tasks, typical of real-life gait. However, the simple analysis of performance time does not provide sufficient information regarding actual performance of the tasks. The main aim of this thesis was to characterize the locomotor displacements of hemiparetic patients during navigational tasks, such as those involved in the TUG. To this end, we carried out a biomechanical analysis of gait during the three navigational tasks of the TUG (oriented gait to the target, turning and oriented gait to the seat). We analysed the kinematics, stability and locomotor trajectories of patients and healthy subjects. This work is original because it provides a biomechanical characterization of the organization of gait in patients with hemiparesis during navigational tasks, using innovative parameters. The longer performance time in hemiparetic patients, compared with healthy subjects, was related to a decrease in the majority of spatio-temporal and joint kinematic parameters. Moreover, the results showed that oriented gait tasks were controlled by the same parameters in hemiparetic patients and healthy subjects, but in different proportions. In contrast, the turning task was controlled by different, specific parameters. Organizational differences between hemiparetic patients and healthy subjects were also highlighted, namely a lack of stability, slowing during the turn and deviation from the trajectory by the patients. These results suggest that hemiparetic patients use a strategy which is a compromise between stability, trajectory and performance for the optimal achievement of navigational tasks, such as these involved in the TUG. The implications of this work for the clinical management of hemiparetic patients are explained.
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Etude des effets de la stimulation électrique transcrânienne en courant continu (tDCS) sur la fonction motrice volontaire et semi-automatique chez des patients hémiparétiques post AVC / Impact of transcranial direct curent stimulation on voluntary and semi-automatic movement in patient with stroke

Geiger, Maxime 12 March 2019 (has links)
Chez les patients hémiparétiques chroniques, la tDCS a été testée sur diverses tâches du membre inférieur, montrant des résultats intéressants, mais parfois contradictoires. Cependant, les effets de la tDCS sur la fonction motrice volontaire (extension de genou) et semi-automatique (locomotion) chez des patients hémiparétiques ne sont pas encore totalement connus. L’objet de ce travail était d’évaluer contre placébo les effets de la tDCS en polarité anodale sur les fonctions motrices volontaires et semi-automatiques, chez des patients hémiparétiques. L’étude comporte deux parties : la première a pour but d’évaluer l’effet contre placébo de la tDCS bilatérale sur la force volontaire maximale du quadriceps parétique par isocinétisme, la seconde a pour objectif d’étudier les effets contre placébo des effets de la tDCS unilatérale sur la marche par analyse tridimensionnelle du mouvement. Les résultats ont montré une absence d’effet de la tDCS sur les deux types de mouvements étudiés. De plus, la tDCS n’a pas eu d’effet sur la spasticité du quadriceps ni sur la performance aux tests fonctionnels des patients hémiparétiques. Cela suggère qu’il n’y a pas d’intérêt à l’utilisation de la tDCS bilatérale pour améliorer une performance motrice maximale (l’extension de genou) ni de la tDCS unilatérale pour améliorer un mouvement semi-automatique (la locomotion) chez les patients hémiparétiques chroniques. Les perspectives envisagées sont de reconduire ces expérimentations chez un groupe homogène de patients hémiparétiques en phase aigüe ou subaigüe afin de potentialiser les phénomènes plastiques post-lésionnels. Ceci permettra de renforcer ou non l’intérêt de l’utilisation de la tDCS chez les patients hémiparétiques afin d’améliorer leurs performances motrices. / In chronic hemiparetic patients, the use of tDCS has been tested on various lower limb tasks, showing interesting but sometimes contradictory results. However, the effects of tDCS on voluntary (knee extension) and semi-automatic (locomotion) motor function in hemiparetic patients are not yet fully known. The purpose of this work was to quantify the effects of tDCS in anodal polarity on the voluntary and semi-automatic motor functions in placebo-controlled studies. The study is divided into two parts: the first aims to evaluate the effect against placebo of bilateral tDCS on the maximal voluntary force of the paretic quadriceps by isokinetic assessment, the second aims to study the effects against placebo of unilateral tDCS on the gait of chronic hemiparetic patients, assessed by three-dimensional gait analysis. The results showed an absence of effect of tDCS on the two types of movements studied. In addition, tDCS had no effect on quadriceps spasticity or functional test performance in hemiparetic patients. This suggests that there is no interest in using bilateral tDCS to improve maximal motor performance (knee extension) or unilateral tDCS to improve semi-automatic movement (locomotion) in chronic hemiparetic patients. The envisaged perspectives are to continue these experiments in a homogeneous group of hemiparetic patients in acute or subacute stroke patients in order to potentiate the post-lesional plastic phenomena. This will strengthen or not the interest of the use of tDCS in hemiparetic patients to improve their motor performance.

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