Estudos sobre estimação de parâmetros genéticos em abelhas, com foco em abelhas africanizadas e na casta masculina da espécie, são escassos. O objetivo desse estudo foi estimar correlações genéticas para peso e características morfométricas de zangões à emergência e maturidade, para que em futuros programas de melhoramento essas características possam servir como critérios de seleção. Foram estimados parâmetros fenotípicos e genéticos para peso (W), comprimento total (TL), comprimento do abdômen (AL), largura do abdome (AW), comprimento da asa (WL) e largura da asa (WW) de zangões à emergência (E ) e maturidade (M) recorrendo a modelos de análise uni e bicaracter. Os parâmetros genéticos como variância genética, herdabilidade e correlações genéticas foram estimadas por meio do procedimento Bayesiano usando amostragem de Gibbs. Resultados: Foram medidos 1117 zangões à emergência e 336 novamente à maturidade. De acordo com a análise unicaracter, as herdabilidades foram 0.78, 0.52, 0.56, 0.93 e 0.92 para WE, WM, ALM, WLM e WWM, respectivamente. A correlação genética entre WE e as restantes características variou entre 0.55 e 0.83. Conclusões: As características W E, WM, TLM, ALM, WLM, WWM, quando consideradas individualmente, podem ser usadas como critério de seleção porque a variância genética aditiva para essas características foi responsável por mais de 50% da variação fenotípica total. O W E pode ser usado como critério de seleção se se ambicionar o melhoramento das restantes características à emergência. Os parâmetros genéticos obtidos para peso, comprimento total e comprimento do abdome à emergência indicam que há potencial de ganho genético para as características morfométricas à maturidade. Esses critérios podem embasar o estudo genético quantitativo das características morfométricas e reprodutivas à maturidade, que são de difícil mensuração. / Available information on Africanized honeybee breeding, especially regarding the male component of the species, is almost non-existent. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic correlations for weight and morphometric traits of drones at emergence and maturity, so that in future breeding programs these traits can act as selection criteria through their genetic value. Phenotypic and genetic parameters were estimated for weight and morphometric traits such as weight (W), total length (TL), abdomen length (AL), abdomen width (AW), wing length (WL) and wing width (WW) at drones’ emergence (E) and maturity (M). Single-trait and two-trait models were used and parameters such as genetic variance, heritability and genetic correlations were calculated using a Bayesian approach. Results: A total of 1117 drones were measured at emergence and 336 again at maturity. In single-trait models, heritabilities were 0.78, 0.52, 0.56, 0.93 and 0.92 for WE, WM, ALM, WL M and WWM, respectively. The genetic correlation between WE and the remaining traits ranged from 0.55 to 0.83. Conclusions: Traits such as W E, WM, TLM, ALM, WLM, WWM, when considered individually, can be used as selection criteria because genetic variance for these traits accounted for more than 50% of the total phenotypic variance. The WE combined with other traits assessed at drones' emergence can be used in breeding programs for the improvement of the aforementioned traits. Breeding selection for weight or total length at emergence promises considerable genetic progress for weight at maturity. The combination of genetic parameters for reproductive and morphometric traits in drones properly supported by breeding programs relying on artificial insemination, for an effective mating control, will likely help in clarifying this possibility.

Estudos sobre estimação de parâmetros genéticos em abelhas, com foco em abelhas africanizadas e na casta masculina da espécie, são escassos. O objetivo desse estudo foi estimar correlações genéticas para peso e características morfométricas de zangões à emergência e maturidade, para que em futuros programas de melhoramento essas características possam servir como critérios de seleção. Foram estimados parâmetros fenotípicos e genéticos para peso (W), comprimento total (TL), comprimento do abdômen (AL), largura do abdome (AW), comprimento da asa (WL) e largura da asa (WW) de zangões à emergência (E ) e maturidade (M) recorrendo a modelos de análise uni e bicaracter. Os parâmetros genéticos como variância genética, herdabilidade e correlações genéticas foram estimadas por meio do procedimento Bayesiano usando amostragem de Gibbs. Resultados: Foram medidos 1117 zangões à emergência e 336 novamente à maturidade. De acordo com a análise unicaracter, as herdabilidades foram 0.78, 0.52, 0.56, 0.93 e 0.92 para WE, WM, ALM, WLM e WWM, respectivamente. A correlação genética entre WE e as restantes características variou entre 0.55 e 0.83. Conclusões: As características W E, WM, TLM, ALM, WLM, WWM, quando consideradas individualmente, podem ser usadas como critério de seleção porque a variância genética aditiva para essas características foi responsável por mais de 50% da variação fenotípica total. O W E pode ser usado como critério de seleção se se ambicionar o melhoramento das restantes características à emergência. Os parâmetros genéticos obtidos para peso, comprimento total e comprimento do abdome à emergência indicam que há potencial de ganho genético para as características morfométricas à maturidade. Esses critérios podem embasar o estudo genético quantitativo das características morfométricas e reprodutivas à maturidade, que são de difícil mensuração. / Available information on Africanized honeybee breeding, especially regarding the male component of the species, is almost non-existent. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic correlations for weight and morphometric traits of drones at emergence and maturity, so that in future breeding programs these traits can act as selection criteria through their genetic value. Phenotypic and genetic parameters were estimated for weight and morphometric traits such as weight (W), total length (TL), abdomen length (AL), abdomen width (AW), wing length (WL) and wing width (WW) at drones’ emergence (E) and maturity (M). Single-trait and two-trait models were used and parameters such as genetic variance, heritability and genetic correlations were calculated using a Bayesian approach. Results: A total of 1117 drones were measured at emergence and 336 again at maturity. In single-trait models, heritabilities were 0.78, 0.52, 0.56, 0.93 and 0.92 for WE, WM, ALM, WL M and WWM, respectively. The genetic correlation between WE and the remaining traits ranged from 0.55 to 0.83. Conclusions: Traits such as W E, WM, TLM, ALM, WLM, WWM, when considered individually, can be used as selection criteria because genetic variance for these traits accounted for more than 50% of the total phenotypic variance. The WE combined with other traits assessed at drones' emergence can be used in breeding programs for the improvement of the aforementioned traits. Breeding selection for weight or total length at emergence promises considerable genetic progress for weight at maturity. The combination of genetic parameters for reproductive and morphometric traits in drones properly supported by breeding programs relying on artificial insemination, for an effective mating control, will likely help in clarifying this possibility.

Two current positions in the field of human development are presented. On the one hand, Scarr' s theory abour the effects of genotype on environment is discussed. On the other hand, the ecological theory of Bronfenbrenner, which describes human developmenr as an interaction between the developing person and his/her environment. The author discusses some aspects of both positions that need furrher study in order ro prevent negarive effects and have a better understanding of child development, in third world countries. / El artículo presenta dos posiciones actuales que buscan explicar el desarrollo humano desde perspectivas diferentes. Por un lado, se presenta la posición de Scarr acerca de los efectos de los genotipos sobre el ambiente, donde el peso de la interpretación está dado en los aspectos hereditarios. Por otro lado, la teoría ecológica sustentada por Bronfenbrenner que define al desarrollo humano como una interacción entre la persona en desarrollo y su medio ambiente. La aurora discute algunos aspectos de ambas posiciones en los que sería importante profundizar para prevenir negativos y tener una mejor comprensión del desarrollo del niño, en países en vías de desarrollo.

INTRODUÇÃO: O Câncer de Próstata (CaP) é a sexta neoplasia mais comum no mundo correspondendo a aproximadamente 10% do total de cânceres. No Brasil, o CaP é a neoplasia maligna não cutânea mais comum entre os homens. A hereditariedade é um dos principais fatores de risco do CaP, que se caracteriza pela herança de mutações em genes de susceptibilidade de alta penetrância que quando transmitidos aos descendentes aumentam o risco de desenvolvimento de tumores. Os andrógenos e estrógenos influenciam o desenvolvimento, maturação e manutenção da próstata, afetando a proliferação e a diferenciação. Isso tem despertado grande interesse no papel desses hormônios esteroides no desenvolvimento e manutenção tanto da próstata normal quanto maligna. Os Polimorfismos de Nucleotídeo Único (SNPs) são variantes de risco genéticos associados com uma série de doenças, incluindo o câncer. Considerando que a história familiar e que os componentes hormonais constituem fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento do CaP, acredita-se que a identificação de polimorfismos envolvidos nesses processos possa ter um papel relevante para auxiliar no desenvolvimento de ferramentas alternativas para a detecção precoce e para a definição do prognóstico desta neoplasia. OBJETIVOS: Analisar polimorfismos (SNPs) relacionados com histórico familiar e com fatores hormonais em amostras de sangue de pacientes com CaP e em homens saudáveis. Além disso, correlacionar os resultados da genotipagem com parâmetros clínico-patológicos. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi composto por 185 pacientes diagnosticados com CaP, sendo 97 casos esporádicos e 72 com histórico familiar (dois parentes de primeiro grau). O grupo controle foi composto por 70 amostras de sangue de indivíduos saudáveis, que comprovadamente não possuíam CaP e fazem acompanhamento com intuito preventivo. Foram selecionados 13 polimorfismos para análise: rs10486567, rs10993994, rs9364554, rs5945572, rs2735839, rs4430796, rs7501939, rs138213197, rs1271572, rs2987983, rs8072254, rs4919743 e rs3808330. A genotipagem foi realizada através da técnica de PCR em tempo real (qPCR) e correlacionada com o histórico familiar de CaP, PSA pré-operatório, graduação histológica de Gleason e estadiamento patológico. RESULTADOS: Analisamos a frequência dos polimorfismos selecionados e encontramos as seguintes correlações em nossos casos: os SNPs rs10486567 e rs9364554 aumentam a chance de desenvolvimento do CaP enquanto que o SNP rs8072254 diminui o risco. Com relação à hereditariedade, o SNP rs1271571 apresentou associação com o CaP esporádico. Na comparação com os fatores prognósticos encontramos que o SNP rs3808330 foi mais frequente em indivíduos que possuíam PSA < 10; o SNP rs7501939 foi mais frequente em indivíduos com menor escore de Gleason e ausência de recidiva e o SNP rs5945572 foi mais frequente em indivíduos com menor escore de Gleason na peça. CONCLUSÕES: De uma forma geral encontramos polimorfismos que parecem ter um papel relevante no desenvolvimento do CaP, na transmissão familiar e a fatores prognósticos. Estes importantes polimorfismos, ainda não haviam sido estudados na população brasileira e nosso trabalho identificou correlações ainda não demonstradas na literatura / BACKGROUND: Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide accounting for around 10% of all cancers. In Brazil, the PCa is the most common non-skin malignancy among men. Heredity is one of the main risk factors for PCa, which is characterized by mutations of heritage in highpenetrance susceptibility genes that when transmitted to offspring increase the risk of tumor development. Androgens and estrogens influence the development, maturation and maintenance of the prostate, affect proliferation and differentiation. This has aroused great interest in the role of these steroid hormones in the development and maintenance of both normal and malignant prostate. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are variants of genetic risk associated with a number of diseases including cancer. Considering that the family history and hormonal components are risk factors for the development of PCa, we believe that the identification of polymorphisms involved in these processes may have an important role to assist in the development of alternative tools for early detection and to define the prognosis of this cancer. OBJECTIVES: To analyze polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with family history and hormonal factors in patient blood samples with PCa and in healthy men. In addition, to correlate the results of genotyping with clinical-pathological parameters. METHODS: The study consisted of 185 patients diagnosed with PCa, divided into 97 sporadic cases and 72 with a family history. The control group consisted of 70 blood samples from healthy individuals who had no proven PCa and do it for preventive purposes. We selected 13 polymorphisms for analysis: rs10486567, rs10993994, rs9364554, rs5945572, rs2735839, rs4430796, rs7501939, rs138213197, rs1271572, rs2987983, rs8072254, rs4919743 and rs3808330. Genotyping was performed by PCR in real time (qRT -PCR) and correlated with family history of PCa, preoperative PSA, Gleason histologic grading and pathological staging. RESULTS: We analyzed the frequency of the selected polymorphisms and found the following correlations in our cases: SNPs rs10486567 and rs9364554 increase the chance of developing PCa while the SNP rs8072254 decreases the risk. Regarding heredity, the SNP rs1271571 presented association with sporadic PCa. In comparison with the prognostic factors we found that the SNP rs3808330 was more frequent in patients who had PSA < 10; SNP rs7501939 was more frequent in patients with lower Gleason score and no recurrence and the SNP rs5945572 was more frequent in subjects with lower Gleason score on the surgical specimen. CONCLUSIONS: In general we found that polymorphisms that appear to have a relevant role in the development of PCa in family transmission and in prognostic factors. These important polymorphisms had not yet been studied in the Brazilian population and our work has identified correlations yet not demonstrated in the literature

A doença de Parkinson (DP) é a segunda doença neurodegenerativa mais comum com uma prevalência aproximada de 3% em pacientes com mais de 64 anos. A doença é esporádica, mas o parkinsonismo primário (PP) familiar, decorrente de defeitos genéticos específicos, tem sido encontrado em cerca de 10% dos casos diagnosticados como DP. Os objetivos deste trabalho são analisar o DNA de pacientes com PP acompanhados no ambulatório do Grupo de Estudo de Distúrbios do Movimento da Clínica Neurológica do Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP que apresentam início precoce (< 40 anos) ou história familiar positiva com o intuito de rastrear mutações responsáveis pela doença e descrever as características clínicas desse grupo de pacientes e dos familiares acometidos. Entre Janeiro de 2004 a Janeiro de 2006 foram selecionados 53 probandos com PP, sendo que 29 eram esporádicos, 16 com história familiar sugestiva de herança autossômica dominante (AD) e 8 com história familiar sugestiva de herança de autossômica recessiva (AR). No total, 100 amostras de DNA foram coletadas, 70 de pacientes ou familiares com PP, 1 com parkinsonismo secundário ao uso de neuroléptico e o restante de familiares sem PP. Dos casos afetados, 45 eram do sexo masculino e 25 feminino, a idade média de início dos sintomas foi de 38,3 anos (10-72) e a média de idade no momento da investigação foi de 49,8 anos (22-72). Todos apresentaram instalação assimétrica do quadro, curso lento e progressivo e boa resposta ao tratamento com levodopa ou agonista dopaminérgico. Pacientes com padrão de herança AD foram testados para a mutação Gli2019Ser que é o defeito mais comum do gene LRRK2 (PARK8) sendo encontradas duas famílias afetadas. A análise mutacional dos genes PARK6 e PARK7 está em andamento. Todos os casos esporádicos e com padrão de transmissão AR foram testados para mutações do gene PARK2 e foram encontradas as seguintes mutações homozigóticas em 4 famílias: 255delA, deleção de exon 3-4, deleção do exon 2-3 e uma nova mutação IVS1+1G/T. Num paciente com parkinsonismo juvenil (idade de início dos sintomas <21 anos) foi encontrada uma nova mutação homozigótica no gene ATP13A2 (PARK9) no exon 15 que determina a substituição Gli504Arg na proteína codificada. Em grande parte dos casos estudados os achados genéticos e clínicos são similares aos descritos na literatura. Entretanto, encontramos novas mutações do gene PARK2 e PARK9 e no paciente com a mutação ATP13A2 os achados clínicos diferem em alguns aspectos da descrição clássica. / Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting approximately 3% of the population over age 64. Most cases of PD manifest in sporadic form, but familial primary parkinsonism (PP) due to specific genetical abnormalities has been found in about 10% of cases diagnosed as PD. The aims of this study were to analyze the DNA of PP patients seen at the Group for the Study of Movement Disorders of the Neurology Department of Hospital das Clinicas of the University of São Paulo who presented early onset of the disease (< 40 years of age) or positive family history, with the purpose of screening possible candidate mutations for the disease, and to describe the clinical features of this group of patients and affected members of their families. Between January 2004 and January 2006, 53 probands were selected of whom, 29 were sporadic cases, 16 had probable autosomical dominant (AD) pattern of inheritance, and 8 autosomical recessive (AR). In total 100 samples of DNA were collected, 70 from PP patients or affected relatives, one case with neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism, and the rest from not affected members. Forty five affected individuals were men and 25 women, the median age of the symptoms onset was 38.3 years (10-72), and the median age at the moment of the examination was 49.8 years (22-72). All patients had asymmetric installation of the disease, slow progression of the PP, and good response to levodopa or dopaminergic agonist therapy. Patients with AD inheritance were screened for Gly2019Ser mutation, which is the most common defect in PD due to LRRK2 gene, and two families carried this mutation. The screening of PARK6 and PARK7 is ongoing. All sporadic and AR inheritance cases were tested for mutation of (PARK2) and the following mutation were found in 4 families in homozygous state: 255delA, exon 3-4 deletion, exon 2-3 deletion, and a novel mutation IVS1+1G/T. In a juvenile parkinsonism proband (age of onset < 21 years) a novel missense homozygous mutation in ATP13A2 (PARK9) gene was found in exon 15 which resulted the Gly504Arg change in the encoded protein. In general the genetical and clinical findings of this series of patients are similar to those reported in the literature, although novel mutation in PARK2 and PARK9 were obtained. Some clinical features of the patient with ATP13A2 mutation differed from the classical descriptions.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-16T13:29:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 claraalicegentildaher.pdf: 2245112 bytes, checksum: ea1a2b5161d73ad51f160875ef821460 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-27T21:31:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 claraalicegentildaher.pdf: 2245112 bytes, checksum: ea1a2b5161d73ad51f160875ef821460 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-27T21:31:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 claraalicegentildaher.pdf: 2245112 bytes, checksum: ea1a2b5161d73ad51f160875ef821460 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / INTRODUÇÃO: Indivíduos normotensos filhos de pais hipertensos apresentam maiores níveis de pressão arterial e resistência vascular periférica. Em hipertensos, sabe-se que uma única sessão de exercício físico é capaz de promover hipotensão pós-exercício físico e melhorar a resistência vascular periférica. Entretanto, não está claro se o mesmo benefício é alcançado por indivíduos com histórico familiar positivo de hipertensão arterial. OBJETIVOS: 1) Verificar se normotensos filhos de hipertensos apresentam hipotensão pós-exercício físico. 2) Verificar o efeito agudo do exercício físico na resistência vascular periférica de normotensos filhos de hipertensos. MÉTODOS: Treze normotensos filhos de hipertensos (idade = 30±5 anos; IMC = 24±4 kg/m²; PAS = 98±11 mmHg; PAD = 62±7 mmHg; PAM = 74±8 mmHg;) foram submetidos a 30 minutos de exercício físico em cicloergômetro de membros superiores, em intensidade de 40% a 60% da frequência cardíaca de reserva, seguidos de uma hora de recuperação, denominada sessão exercício físico. Por meio do equipamento Finometer Pro® foi captada a onda de pulso da pressão arterial. O fluxo sanguíneo muscular do antebraço e a resistência vascular periférica local foram avaliados pela técnica de Pletismografia de Oclusão Venosa (Hokanson®). Todas as variáveis foram simultaneamente registradas por período de 5 minutos no repouso pré-exercício físico e por 4 períodos de 5 minutos na recuperação pós-exercício físico. A resistência vascular periférica local foi calculada pela divisão da pressão arterial média pelo fluxo sanguíneo muscular do antebraço. De forma randomizada, uma sessão controle, sem exercício físico, foi realizada. Foi realizada ANOVA Two-way seguido do post hoc de Tukey e considerada diferença significativa p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Não foi observada hipotensão pós-exercício físico (p>0,05). Houve aumento da pressão arterial sistólica, nos penúltimos e nos últimos 5 minutos de recuperação (p<0,05), da pressão arterial diastólica, nos primeiros e nos últimos 5 minutos da recuperação (p<0,05) e da pressão arterial média, nos últimos 5 minutos do período de recuperação (p<0,05), entretanto, esses aumentos ocorreram de forma similar nas duas sessões, controle e exercício físico (p=0,48, p=0,73 e p=0,54, respectivamente). A resistência vascular periférica local foi similar no repouso entre as sessões exercício físico e controle (42±9 vs. 38±10 un., p=0,99; respectivamente), mas durante todo período de recuperação após a realização do exercício físico se mostrou significativamente menor em relação ao repouso (p<0,01) e em relação à sessão controle (1º período: 17±7 vs. 37±10 un., p<0,01; 2º período: 22±8 vs. 39±12 un., p<0,01; 3º período: 25±8 vs. 42±12 un., p<0,01; 4º período: 26±6 vs. 9 42±13 un., p<0,01; respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: Após uma sessão de exercício físico aeróbio, normotensos filhos de hipertensos não apresentam hipotensão pós-exercício físico, mas reduzem a resistência vascular periférica. / INTRODUCTION: Normotensive individuals with hypertensive parents present higher levels of arterial pressure and peripheral vascular resistance. In hypertensive patients, it is known that a single exercise session is able to promote post-exercise hypotension and improve peripheral vascular resistance. However, it is unclear whether the same benefit is achieved by individuals with a positive family history of hypertension. OBJECTIVES: 1) Verify whether normotensive children of hypertensive have post-exercise hypotension. 2) Verify the acute effect of exercise on peripheral vascular resistance on normotensive children of hypertensive. METHODOLOGY: Thirteen normotensive children of hypertensive (age = 30±5 years old; BMI = 24±4 kg/m²; SBP = 98±11 mmHg; DBP = 62±7 mmHg; MBP = 74±8 mmHg) were submitted to 30 minute of exercise on a cycle ergometer of the upper limbs, in intensity of 40% to 60% of heart rate reserve, followed by one hour of recovery, called exercise session. Through Finometer Pro® equipment has captured the wave of blood pressure pulse. The forearm muscle blood flow and peripheral vascular resistance were evaluated by Venous Occlusion Plethysmography (Hokanson®). All variables were simultaneously recorded by period 5 minutes in the resting pre-exercise and by 4 periods of 5 minutes in recovery after exercise. Local peripheral vascular resistance was calculated by dividing the mean arterial pressure by the forearm muscle blood flow. Randomly, one control session without exercise was done. Two-way ANOVA was performed followed by Tukey post hoc and considered significant difference p <0.05. RESULTS: There was no post-exercise hypotension (p> 0.05). There was an increase in systolic blood pressure in the penultimate and the last 5 minutes of recovery (p <0.05), in diastolic blood pressure, in the first and the last 5 minutes of recovery (p <0.05) and in mean arterial pressure in the last five minutes of the recovery period (p <0.05), however, these increases occurred similarly in both sessions, control and exercise (p = 0.48, p = 0.73 and p = 0.54; respectively). Local peripheral vascular resistance was similar in the rest between exercise sessions and control (42 ± 9 vs. 38 ± 10 un, p = 0.99; respectively), during the all recovery period postexercise is showed significantly lower than in the rest (p <0.01) and compared to the control session (1st period: 17 ± 7 vs. 37 ± 10 un, p <0.01; 2nd period: 22 ± 8 vs. 39 un ± 12, p <0.01; 3rd period: 25 ± 8 vs. 42 ± 12 un, p <0.01; 4th period: 26 ± 6 vs. 42 ± 13 un, p <0.01; respectively). CONCLUSION: After a session of aerobic exercise, normotensive children of hypertensive do not have post-exercise hypotension, but reduce peripheral vascular resistance.

The reach of technological innovation continues to grow, changing all industries as it evolves. In healthcare, technology is increasingly playing a role in almost all processes, from patient registration to data monitoring, from lab tests to self-care tools. The increase in the amount and diversity of generated clinical data requires development of new technologies and procedures capable of integrating and analyzing the BIG generated information as well as providing support in their interpretation. To that extent, this dissertation focuses on the analysis and processing of biomedical signals, specifically brain and heart signals, using advanced machine learning techniques. That is, the design and implementation of automatic biomedical signal pre-processing and monitoring algorithms, the design of novel feature extraction methods, and the design of classification techniques for specific decision making processes. In the first part of this dissertation Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals that are recorded in 14 different locations on the scalp are utilized to detect random eye state change in real-time. In summary, cross channel maximum and minimum is used to monitor real-time EEG signals in 14 channels. Upon detection of a possible change, Multivariate Empirical Mode Decomposes the last two seconds of the signal into narrow-band Intrinsic Mode Functions. Common Spatial Pattern is then employed to create discriminating features for classification purpose. Logistic Regression, Artificial Neural Network, and Support Vector Machine classifiers all could detect the eye state change with 83.4% accuracy in less than two seconds. We could increase the detection accuracy to 88.2% by extracting relevant features from Intrinsic Mode Functions and directly feeding it to the classification algorithms. Our approach takes less than 2 seconds to detect an eye state change which provides a significant improvement and promising real-life applications when compared to slow and computationally intensive instance based classification algorithms proposed in literatures. Increasing the training examples could even improve the accuracy of our analytic algorithms. We employ our proposed analytic method in detecting the three different dance moves that honey bees perform to communicate the location of a food source. The results are significantly better than other alternative methods in the literature in terms of both accuracy and run time. The last chapter of the dissertation brings out a collaborative research on Parkinson's disease. As a Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) investigator, I had access to the vast database of The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research. We utilized available data to study the heredity factors leading to Parkinson's disease by using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian approach. Through sophisticated modeling, we incorporated information from healthy individuals and those diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD) to available historical data on their grandparents' family to draw Bayesian estimations for the chances of developing PD in five types of families. That is, families with negative history of PD (type 1) and families with positive history in which estimations provided for the prevalence of developing PD when none of the parents (type 2), one of the parents (type 3 and 4), or both of the parents (type 5) carried the disease. The results in the provided data shows that for the families with negative history of PD the prevalence is estimated to be 20% meaning that a child in this family has 20% chance of developing Parkinson. If there is positive history of PD in the family the chance increases to 33% when none of the parents had PD and to 44% when both of the parents had the disease. The chance of developing PD in a family whose solely mother is diagnosed with the disease is estimated to be 26% in comparison to 31% when only father is diagnosed with Parkinson's.

This thesis focuses on the role and historical development of strategies of experimental domestication in scientific knowledge production, with a particular focus on the function of the laboratory strains known as 'wild types' in the model organism systems of classical genetics, where they play the role of standing in for the 'natural' instance of the species so that variation may be measured. As part of establishing how lab wild types came to assume this role, I have situated them within a much longer historical trajectory that tracks how changes in the manner that European intellectual traditions conceptualised the domestic-wild divide were linked to the development of new forms of scientific domestication and knowledge production. These new developments required that existing domesticating practices be intensified, expanded and analogised in order to better control, capture and comprehend 'wild' nature. My first two chapters introduce the domestic-wild divide by discussing both contemporary and ancient interpretations of it. In my third and fourth chapter, I explore the roots of the knowledge regime of European scientific domestication. I highlight Francis Bacon's campaign to use knowledge of domesticating practices to restore human dominion, before showing how Linnaeus later re-conceptualised the natural economy as an autonomous order and original order, with domestication reinterpreted as an artful transformation of nature requiring human maintenance to prevent reversion to its wild 'natural state'. I identify this idea of the wild as original and the domestic as derivative and artificially maintained as the basis of the original wild type concept. In my fifth chapter, I discuss Darwin's attempt to unite the domestic and wild under common laws of variation and selection, including his argument that reversion was simply a product of a return to ancestral conditions of existence. I observe that Darwin's theory of variation was problematic for the effort to bring wild nature under controlled conditions for study, so in my sixth and seventh chapters discuss how this difficulty was resolved, first by experimental naturalists both before and after Darwin who utilised vivaria and microscopes to bring pieces of nature indoors, and then by Weismann and Galton's sequestration of heredity, which helped persuade scientists that domestication was not in itself a cause of germinal variation. In my eighth and ninth chapter, I detail how sequestration led the early Mendelians de Vries and Bateson to assume that wild types could be brought into the lab from nature and purified into true-breeding strains. I discuss their differing atomist and interactionist perspectives on wild type, with de Vries favouring 'elementary species' as units of nature, whereas Bateson held wild types and mutants to represent normal and abnormal forms of the species respectively. In my last chapter, I cover the replacement of Bateson's interactionist genetics by the reductionist genetics of the Morgan group and argue that this led to a disintegration of wild types into their component genes. I conclude with a discussion of what wild type strains in classical genetics were meant to be representative of, and end by establishing that whilst these strains may not wholly be representative of their species, they are nonetheless useful tools for scientific knowledge production.

Name: Jitka Hanušová School: Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, Department: Institute of Linguistics and Finno-Ugric Studies Title: Charles Darwin and darwinism in Finnish Literature Supervisor: Mgr. Jan Dlask, Ph.D. Number of pagess: 68 Nubmber of characters: 118 580 Keywords: Charles Darwin, darwinism, social darwinism, Finnish Literature, race, heredity, social class This diploma deals with evolutionary theories of Charles Darwin and examines its arrival to Finland, its spreading there and mentions the first references in the Finnish periodicals, public and especially in literature during 1860-1920. The topic is viewed through a cultural-historical context which consists of influences of evolutionary theories, social darwinism, racial theories, heredity research, or distinctions between social classes. The special emphasis is placed on reflections of the main aspects of this context in the Finnish literature, mainly in the works of Minna Canth, T. Pakkala, L. Onerva, Toivo Tarvas and Maila Talvio.

NO ROMANCE DE MARCEL PROUST Em busca do tempo perdidodesfilam ante os olhos do leitorum compêndio de seres enigmáticos, fragmentários, que oferecem em si, ao longo da obra, uma gama de novas imagens e possibilidades. Desse complexo conjunto de seres imprevisíveis, há um caso particular de uma personagem secundária. Figuraaparentemente dentro da narrativa como um ser anedótico, apenas para compor um ambiente cômico, pueril dentro de Combray, a cidadezinha prosaica de infância do herói do romance: a tia Léonie. O objetivo do trabalho que apresentamos não é somente analisar esse ser aparentemente risório, a eterna doente de Combray. Sobretudo, pretende-se mostrar dentro dopróprio romance proustiano que Léonie, como os tantos personagens desse trajeto rumo à descoberta da verdadeira vocação do herói, também colocará sua pequena pedra na composição monumental da obra por vir, pois, ao seu modo, também contribuirá para a composição daquele que renunciará à vida, se reservando apenas o essencial, para compor seu romance. / IN THE NOVEL OF MARCEL PROUST\'S \"In Search of Lost Time\", parade before the reader\'s eyes, a compendium of enigmatic, fragmentary beings, offering itself, throughout the work, a range of new images and possibilities. In this complex set of unpredictable beings, there is a particular case of a secondary character, apparently figuring in the narrative as being anecdotal, just to make a comic, childlike environment in Combray, the prosaic town of the novel heros childhood: Aunt Léonie. The objective of the present work is not only to analyze this seemingly be risorius, \"the eternal sick of Combray.\" Above all, it presents in the Proustian novel itself that Léonie, as so many characters that path towards the discovery of the true vocation of the hero, also put your little stone in monumental composition of the work to come, for, in his own way, also contribute for the composition that he would resign to life, reserve to itself only the essentials, in order to compose his novel.